{"id":247545,"date":"2022-02-20T20:33:59","date_gmt":"2022-02-20T19:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=247545"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:30:21","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:30:21","slug":"priroda-cesti-vedci-popsali-jak-zahadne-bakterie-z-labutiho-jezera-zachycuji-slunecni-energii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=247545","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA A P\u0158\u00cdRODA: \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci popsali, jak z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 bakterie z Labut\u00edho jezera zachycuj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed energii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Doc. Michal Kobl\u00ed\u017eek, MB\u00da AV \u010cR \u2013 Centrum Algatech FOTO: Richard Lhotsk\u00fd, MB\u00da AV \u010cR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu t\u00fdmu v \u010dele s \u010desk\u00fdmi mikrobiology se poda\u0159ilo popsat unik\u00e1tn\u00ed apar\u00e1t, jimi\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed bakterie z jezera v pou\u0161ti Gobi zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo. V\u00fdzkum nazna\u010dil, jak se tento apar\u00e1t v pr\u016fb\u011bhu miliard let v\u00fdvoje utvo\u0159il. Objev m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st z\u00e1sadn\u00ed posun pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed fotosynt\u00e9zy pro mikroorganismy, kter\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed neum\u011bj\u00ed zpracovat.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Bakterie, n\u00e1le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed do t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho rodu Gemmatimonas, objevili v roce 2014 v\u011bdci z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR v T\u0159eboni. Nalezli je v jeze\u0159e Ti\u0101n \u00e9 h\u00fa (Labut\u00ed jezero) v severo\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m Vnit\u0159n\u00edm Mongolsku v pou\u0161ti Gobi. Na rozd\u00edl od sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch obsahovaly modrozelen\u00e9 barvivo bakteriochlorofyl, co\u017e nazna\u010dovalo, \u017ee jsou schopn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvat ke sv\u00e9mu \u017eivotu slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byl fakt, \u017ee rod Gemmatimonas p\u016fvodn\u011b schopnost fotosynt\u00e9zy v\u016fbec nem\u011bl a v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 geny z\u00edskal od ciz\u00edch, nep\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch kmen\u016f bakteri\u00ed takzvan\u00fdm horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159enosem. Tato skute\u010dnost m\u016f\u017ee nal\u00e9zt praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v tzv. syntetick\u00e9 biologii. Pokud by se poda\u0159ilo zopakovat p\u0159enos fotosyntetick\u00fdch gen\u016f v laborato\u0159i, bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 nau\u010dit vyu\u017e\u00edvat energii sv\u011btla i dal\u0161\u00ed organismy.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmu slo\u017een\u00e9mu z v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR, Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity, Univerzity v Shefieldu, spole\u010dnosti ThermoFisher Scientific z Cambridge a dal\u0161\u00edch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pracovi\u0161\u0165 se nyn\u00ed poda\u0159ilo popsat, jak je fotosyntetick\u00fd apar\u00e1t t\u011bchto nezvykl\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed sestaven. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu uve\u0159ejnil presti\u017en\u00ed \u010dasopis Science Advances.<\/p>\n

Rozli\u0161en\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 molekuly<\/h6>\n

K v\u00fdzkumu v\u011bdci vyu\u017eili modern\u00ed techniku elektronov\u00e9 kryomikroskopie, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e je vzorek extr\u00e9mn\u011b rychle ochlazen na teplotu minus 200 oC. Kolem biologick\u00fdch struktur se vytvo\u0159\u00ed sklu podobn\u00e1 vrstvi\u010dka ledu o tlou\u0161\u0165ce tis\u00edckr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je lidsk\u00fd vlas. \u201eZmra\u017een\u00ed je tak rychl\u00e9, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 struktury z\u016fstanou nepo\u0161kozen\u00e9, a nav\u00edc je mo\u017en\u00e9 s nimi pracovat a\u017e n\u011bkolik hodin. To umo\u017en\u00ed rozli\u0161it dokonce a\u017e jednotliv\u00e9 molekuly i ve velmi komplikovan\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Michal Kobl\u00ed\u017eek z Mikrobiologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Fotosyntetick\u00fd apar\u00e1t bakteri\u00ed je zcela unik\u00e1tn\u00ed. Sest\u00e1v\u00e1 z v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 b\u00edlkovinn\u00fdch podjednotek uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch do dvou kruh\u016f obklopuj\u00edc\u00edch centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st. Na ka\u017edou podjednotku jsou nav\u00e1z\u00e1na barviva, je\u017e zachycuj\u00ed sv\u011btlo. \u201eKdy\u017e jsme s kolegou Qianem z Cambridge uvid\u011bli prvn\u00ed obr\u00e1zky z elektronov\u00e9ho mikroskopu, nev\u011b\u0159ili jsme vlastn\u00edm o\u010d\u00edm. Ta struktura je velice elegantn\u00ed, skute\u010dn\u00e9 mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo p\u0159\u00edrody,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Michal Kobl\u00ed\u017eek.<\/p>\n

Mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h6>\n

Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pigment\u016f do dvou kruh\u016f je nejenom kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 velice \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Pro sv\u011btlo funguje jako n\u00e1levka. \u201eSv\u011bteln\u00e1 energie zachycen\u00e1 na okraji n\u00e1levky (vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kruh) se za pouh\u00fdch p\u00e1r biliontin sekundy p\u0159enese do jej\u00edho st\u0159edu, kde se v tzv. reak\u010dn\u00edm centru p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na energii metabolickou,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Tom\u00e1\u0161 Pol\u00edvka z Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch. Obr\u00e1zek fotosyntetick\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu zaujal i redaktory \u010dasopisu Science Advances, kte\u0159\u00ed jej zve\u0159ejnili na ob\u00e1lce posledn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla \u010dasopisu.<\/p>\n

Fotosynt\u00e9za je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch biologick\u00fdch proces\u016f na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b. Bu\u0148ky zachycuj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed ho na energii pro sv\u016fj metabolismus. Fotosynt\u00e9zu m\u00e1me dnes spojenou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se zelen\u00fdmi rostlinami, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kysl\u00edk, ale prvn\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 organismy schopn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se na Zemi objevily ji\u017e p\u0159ed t\u0159emi miliardami let.<\/p>\n

Mikrobiologick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR \u2013 Centrum Algatech je deta\u0161ovan\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b v T\u0159eboni, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e od roku 1960 zab\u00fdv\u00e1 studiem fototrofn\u00edch organism\u016f, tedy takov\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu \u017eivotu sv\u011btelnou energii. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se zde zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed jak z\u00e1kladn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem (biochemi\u00ed, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetikou fotosynt\u00e9zy), tak aplikovan\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem mikro\u0159as, sinic a fototrofn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdzkum byl podpo\u0159en z programu EXPRO Grantov\u00e9 agentury \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n

(tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Bakterie Gemmatimonas FOTO: Jason Dean, MB\u00da AV \u010cR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Dr. Fuying Feng, University of Inner Mongolia, na jeze\u0159e Ti\u0101n \u00e9 h\u00fa (archiv Fuying Feng)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Kultura bakterie Gemmatimonas FOTO: MB\u00da AV \u010cR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Um\u011bleck\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed fotosyntetick\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu bakterie Gemmatimonas se objevilo na tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nce posledn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla \u010dasopisu Science Advances. grafika \u2013 Tristan I. Croll<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":247550,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/18\/bakterie-z-labut\u00edho-jezera-5.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247545"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=247545"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":247656,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247545\/revisions\/247656"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/247550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=247545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=247545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=247545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}