{"id":247495,"date":"2025-11-15T22:49:04","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T21:49:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=247495"},"modified":"2025-11-15T22:49:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T21:49:04","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-o-krejcovskem-naprstku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=247495","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: O krej\u010dovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1prstku"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00dapln\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00fd nepostradateln\u00fd pomocn\u00edk p\u0159i \u0161it\u00ed, n\u00e1prstek, m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 svoji historii.<\/h6>\n

Podle jedn\u00e9 pov\u011bsti \u017eil v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch velmi pracovit\u00fd krej\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00fd od \u010dasn\u00e9ho r\u00e1na do pozdn\u00ed noci hloubal nad svou prac\u00ed a donekone\u010dna si propichoval prsty jehlou. Jednoho ve\u010dera, za \u00fapl\u0148ku, odtrhl mysl od pr\u00e1ce a pod\u00edval se na svou zahradu. Najednou mezi sv\u00fdmi obl\u00edben\u00fdmi kv\u011btinami, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly mal\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 zvonky, uvid\u011bl \u00fa\u017easnou sc\u00e9nu: n\u011bkolik sk\u0159\u00edtk\u016f odtrhlo zvonky a ti\u0161e zmizelo mezi postelemi. R\u00e1no krej\u010d\u00ed zjistil, \u017ee kv\u011btiny jsou st\u00e1le neporu\u0161en\u00e9. Dal\u0161\u00ed noc se v\u0161e opakovalo, ale krej\u010d\u00ed se tentokr\u00e1t vydal za trpasl\u00edky. Tajemn\u00e1 cesta vedla do podsv\u011bt\u00ed a on vid\u011bl toto: u dlouh\u00e9ho stolu sed\u011bli mal\u00ed elfov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed st\u0159\u00edhali a \u0161ili pro gn\u00f3my ko\u0161ile, kalhoty a pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b. A na prost\u0159edn\u00ed\u010dku m\u011bli v\u0161ichni \u010derven\u00e9 zvone\u010dky – kv\u011btiny z krej\u010dovsk\u00e9 zahrady. Tehdy si vzpomn\u011bl na sv\u00e9 prop\u00edchnut\u00e9 prsty. Vr\u00e1til se dom\u016f a druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no se jako v\u017edy pustil do pr\u00e1ce. A kdy\u017e oto\u010dil hlavu k oknu, v\u0161iml si na parapetu t\u0159pytiv\u00e9ho n\u00e1prstku z \u010dist\u00e9ho st\u0159\u00edbra, kter\u00fd dokonale padl na jeho prst. Byla to odm\u011bna od trpasl\u00edk\u016f za kv\u011btiny, kter\u00e9 vyp\u011bstoval, a za ticho. S n\u00e1prstkem byla pr\u00e1ce \u017eiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a poran\u011bn\u00e9 prsty se brzy zahojily.<\/p>\n

Historick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1prstek se objevil v 17. stolet\u00ed v Amsterdamu. Klenotn\u00edk Nikolai Bentoten byl zamilovan\u00fd do sousedovy d\u00edvky Anity Van Ranselier, kter\u00e1 byla \u0161ikovn\u00e1 vy\u0161\u00edva\u010dka a vy\u0161\u00edvala cel\u00e9 dny na p\u0159\u00edkaz sv\u00e9ho lakom\u00e9ho otce. Jehla \u010dasto p\u00edchala jemnou d\u00edvku do prst\u016f a zra\u0148ovala ji. P\u0159i pohledu na utrpen\u00ed t\u011bchto d\u00edvek se Nikolaj Bentoten rozhodl sv\u00e9 milovan\u00e9 d\u00edvce usnadnit pr\u00e1ci a v roce 1648 j\u00ed k narozenin\u00e1m daroval mal\u00fd zlat\u00fd klobou\u010dek na prstu se z\u00e1\u0159ezy. Ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b napsal: “Pros\u00edm milou sle\u010dnu, aby p\u0159ijala tento m\u016fj vyn\u00e1lez jako d\u00e1rek, aby ochr\u00e1nil kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a pracovit\u00e9 prsty p\u0159ed p\u00edchnut\u00edm.”<\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byl n\u00e1prstek vytvo\u0159en, aby pom\u00e1hal \u0161vadlen\u00e1m v jejich obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, ale p\u0159\u00edchod \u0161ic\u00edch stroj\u016f tuto pot\u0159ebu prakticky vyrovnal. Ano, v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b se n\u00e1prstky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i p\u0159i \u0161it\u00ed, ale ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jsou ji\u017e jedine\u010dn\u00fdm suven\u00fdrem, d\u00e1rkem. To, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i \u0161it\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm chr\u00e1nit prsty p\u0159ed jehlami, bylo realizov\u00e1no ji\u017e ve starov\u011bku \u2013 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b a Egypt\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edval asi p\u0159ed 2000 lety. V\u00fdznam slova \u201en\u00e1prstek\u201c je \u201eto, co se navl\u00e9k\u00e1 na prst\u201c. Prvn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednky na starov\u011bk\u00e9 n\u00e1prstky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00edm archeologick\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bsta Vladimir. Vzhled produktu nebyl v\u016fbec takov\u00fd, jak jej zn\u00e1me nyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed bronzov\u00fd n\u00e1prstek byl nalezen p\u0159i vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch u m\u011bsta Tula \u2013 historie n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee na tomto m\u00edst\u011b byly v roce 1632 postavena hu\u0165. Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1prstky v Evrop\u011b v \u00e9\u0159e Byzantsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e byly vyrobeny s ploch\u00fdmi hlavicemi – tato vlastnost starov\u011bk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby sah\u00e1 a\u017e do 9.-10. stolet\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1prstek v\u016fbec \u00fadajn\u011b vyrobil v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Norinberku Sebastian Prawn, d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e Kolombus objevil Ameriku. Holandsk\u00fd mechanik se v roce 1695 zaslou\u017eil o masovou v\u00fdrobu kovov\u00fdch n\u00e1prstk\u016f slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k ochran\u011b prst\u016f \u0161i\u010dek.<\/p>\n

Daleko pozd\u011bji se za\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z jin\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako nap\u0159. d\u0159eva, \u017euly,onyxu, k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lu, kost\u00ed, skla, drah\u00fdch kov\u016f (zlata a st\u0159\u00edbra), mosazi, hlin\u00edku, terakoty,keramiky a porcel\u00e1nu. Popularita d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1prstk\u016f coby suven\u00fdr\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed koncem 18. stolet\u00ed. A\u010d se to nezd\u00e1, d\u0159evo nap\u0159. santal, cedr, dub, sk\u00fdtalo mo\u017enosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly a r\u016fzn\u00e9 variace zdoben\u00ed nap\u0159. zlatem nebo \u017eelezem. Do 16. stolet\u00ed se n\u00e1prstky odl\u00e9valy z mosazi a zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jamky na povrchu se vyklep\u00e1valy. Proto n\u00e1prstk\u00e1\u0159i pat\u0159ili do cechu m\u011bdikovc\u016f a roku 1531 dostali v\u00fdsadu vlastn\u00edho cechu. Potom si nech\u00e1vali n\u00e1prstky odl\u00e9vat sl\u00e9va\u010d\u016fm mosazi a sami d\u011blali do nich d\u00edrky a r\u016fzn\u011b je zdobili, aby jehla neklouzala. Potom se n\u00e1prstky za\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho a \u017eelezn\u00e9ho plechu.<\/p>\n

Strojov\u011b se n\u00e1prstky za\u010daly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt roku 1696 v Sudwigu ve Westf\u00e1lsku. To byl konec cechu n\u00e1prstk\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nemohli vydr\u017eet konkurenci. Od 18. stolet\u00ed se n\u00e1prstky vyr\u00e1b\u011bli ru\u010dn\u011b u\u017e jen jako um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> E . F. Holmes – Historie n\u00e1prstk\u016f. London: Cornwall Books, 1985. J. J. von Hoelle. Sb\u011bratelsk\u00e1 encyklopedie n\u00e1prstku. Illinois: Wallace-Homestead Book Company, 1986.Wikipedia site:cs2.wiki<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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