{"id":247284,"date":"2024-05-22T21:36:51","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T20:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=247284"},"modified":"2024-05-22T21:36:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T20:36:51","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-o-pometlarich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=247284","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: O pometl\u00e1\u0159\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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D\u0159\u00edve se v dom\u00e1cnostech pou\u017e\u00edvaly naprosto b\u011b\u017en\u011b, dnes ji\u017e prakticky zcela vymizely. B\u0159ezov\u00e9 metly v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zcela nahradily jejich modern\u00ed n\u00e1stupci: ko\u0161\u0165ata a smet\u00e1ky. Ko\u0161t\u011b, metla nebo tak\u00e9 pometlo. Takto je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n pracovn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj na\u0161ich babi\u010dek i prababi\u010dek.<\/h6>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9 chalup\u011b kdysi b\u00fdvalo alespo\u0148 jedno b\u0159ezov\u00e9 ko\u0161t\u011b. Dnes je nahrazuj\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 ko\u0161\u0165ata a smet\u00e1ky, a star\u00e9 \u0159emeslo pomalu a jist\u011b zanik\u00e1. Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne ko\u0161t\u011b, hodn\u011b lid\u00ed si automaticky vid\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjnici. Ko\u0161\u0165ata nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt rekvizity. I ukl\u00edzen\u00ed a zvuk sm\u00fd\u010den\u00ed v sob\u011b m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e9st kus magie. Poci\u0165te to na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei a p\u0159ij\u010fte tak\u00e9 na chu\u0165 nov\u00e9 dovednosti. D\u0159\u00edve se ko\u0161\u0165ata vyr\u00e1b\u011bla p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vo\u0148av\u00e9ho b\u0159ezov\u00e9ho prout\u00ed, proto\u017ee b\u0159\u00edza byla symbolem \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly. Ko\u0161t\u011b v\u0161ak bylo ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za magick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, i kdy\u017e na n\u011bm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u010darod\u011bjnice zrovna nesvi\u0161t\u011bla vzduchem.<\/p>\n

V tomto n\u00e1stroji se podle star\u00e9 v\u00edry skr\u00fdvaly mocn\u00e9 s\u00edly, a ty se daly citeln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt k ochran\u011b domu, p\u0159ivol\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1padn\u00edka, vymeten\u00ed nesn\u00e1z\u00ed i p\u0159ivol\u00e1n\u00ed hojnosti. Ko\u0161t\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo obrat k lep\u0161\u00edmu, jeho pomoc\u00ed se toti\u017e z domova odstra\u0148ovalo v\u0161e \u0161patn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed sf\u00e9rou venkova je pometl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zde m\u00e1 charakter dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroby. Ko\u0161t\u011b si mohl na vesnici ud\u011blat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kdokoli, nepot\u0159eboval k tomu nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pr\u016fpravu, proto\u017ee n\u011bkomu sta\u010dilo v\u00fdrobu n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t odkoukat, jin\u00fd ji mohl zkusit podle sv\u00e9ho rozumu. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdroby b\u0159ezov\u00fdch ko\u0161\u0165at m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 technologie v\u00fdroby a dostatek v\u00fdrobn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu. V\u00fdroba ko\u0161\u0165at zasahovala do v\u00fdroby dom\u00e1c\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b pak dom\u00e1ck\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroba byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena v m\u00ed\u0159e z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch samotn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dnost\u00ed jeho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, pokud by nedok\u00e1zal pokr\u00fdt v\u00fdrobou po\u017eadavky, zpravidla doch\u00e1zelo k v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9mu obchodu. Oproti tomu v\u00fdroba dom\u00e1ck\u00e1 se objevovala v z\u00e1vislosti na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed,p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 skladb\u011b obyvatel. Dom\u00e1ck\u00e9 pometl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed b\u00fdvalo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v bl\u00edzkosti listnat\u00fdch, \u010di sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch les\u016f, kde se b\u0159ezov\u00e9 prout\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro v\u00fdrobu, dalo snadno obstarat a sta\u010dilo i pro pot\u0159ebu m\u00edstn\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

M\u00edsta, kde se b\u0159ezov\u00e9 prout\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1valo, b\u00fdvaly skute\u010dn\u011b bohat\u00fdm zdrojem, ale bylo nutn\u00e9, aby se mohlo b\u0159ez\u00ed zregenerovat a obnovit. Proto si ka\u017ed\u00fd pometl\u00e1\u0159, \u010di ko\u0161\u0165at\u00e1\u0159, z\u00e1visl\u00fd na tomto pro n\u011bho \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu, svoje zdroje hl\u00eddal, jeliko\u017e se ob\u00e1val, aby nep\u0159i\u0161el o zdroj sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Na trh se dostala proto jen ko\u0161\u0165ata ur\u010dit\u00fdch kvalit, a\u010dkoli v obdob\u00ed nedostatku se z\u00e1kazn\u00edci spokojili i s m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00edm v\u00fdrobkem.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm odbyti\u0161t\u011bm b\u0159ezov\u00fdch ko\u0161\u0165at bylo i m\u011bstsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba, tov\u00e1rny a r\u016fzn\u00e1 dru\u017estva, kter\u00e1 si pozd\u011bji v\u00fdrobu sama organizuj\u00ed. Omezen\u00ed v\u00fdroby se objevuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s prudk\u00fdm rozvojem kart\u00e1\u010dnictv\u00ed a nahrazen\u00edm b\u0159\u00edzy jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly. S n\u00e1stupem zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch dru\u017estev se pak \u010d\u00e1st dru\u017estevn\u00ed v\u00fdroby znovu orientuje na tradi\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00fdmi pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159ebu.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Bachman, Old\u0159ich: Ko\u0161\u0165at\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na Bohdane\u010dsku. \u010cesk\u00fd lid 48, 1961, s. 127<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

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