{"id":246658,"date":"2026-08-07T20:10:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246658"},"modified":"2026-08-07T20:10:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T19:10:41","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-prachaticke-brany-a-hradby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246658","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Prachatick\u00e9 br\u00e1ny a hradby"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed \u0160umavy svou kr\u00e1sou, nedot\u010denou p\u0159\u00edrodou a historick\u00fdmi pam\u00e1tkami p\u0159ekvap\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Jedn\u00e1 se o m\u00edsto, kde zanechaly \u0161lechtick\u00e9 rody svou nezam\u011bnitelnou stopu v podob\u011b vystaven\u00fdch starobyl\u00fdch m\u011bst, majest\u00e1tn\u00edch gotick\u00fdch kostel\u016f, renesan\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1mk\u016f \u010di kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f. Krajinn\u00e1 hodnota regionu se reflektuje v propracovanosti rybni\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, mno\u017estv\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed \u010di v drsnosti horsk\u00e9 krajiny.<\/h6>\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku hradby chr\u00e1nily m\u011bsta a odrazovaly cizince, dnes je naopak l\u00e1kaj\u00ed k n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b. Siln\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 zdi, impozantn\u00ed br\u00e1ny a ba\u0161ty, kulat\u00e9, hranat\u00e9, s cimbu\u0159\u00edm i bez n\u011bj zkr\u00e1tka pat\u0159\u00ed k obl\u00edben\u00fdm v\u00fdletn\u00edm c\u00edl\u016fm. Cel\u00fd prstenec se sice nedochoval, ale m\u016f\u017eete si prohl\u00e9dnout n\u011bkolik d\u011blov\u00fdch ba\u0161t v\u010detn\u011b t\u00e9 nejzachovalej\u0161\u00ed, ba\u0161ty Helv\u00edt, a jednu z m\u011bstsk\u00fdch bran.<\/p>\n

M\u011bsto Prachatice bylo ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 14.stolet\u00ed opat\u0159eno p\u00e1sem hradeb, jejich\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byly i br\u00e1ny. Historick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro m\u011bsta bylo opevn\u011bno od prvn\u00ed poloviny 14. stolet\u00ed, nejprve z\u0159ejm\u011b nasypan\u00fdm zemn\u00edm valem s d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi sruby a k\u016fly (palis\u00e1dami), n\u00e1sledn\u011b v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 15. stolet\u00ed kamennou hradbou, kter\u00e1 se dosud zachovala v zadn\u00edch fas\u00e1d\u00e1ch v\u011bt\u0161iny dom\u016f na obvodu m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bchto hradeb byly dv\u011b br\u00e1ny, nazvan\u00e9 podle sm\u011bru p\u0159\u00edjezdov\u00fdch cest P\u00edseck\u00e1 (Doln\u00ed) a Pasovsk\u00e1 (Horn\u00ed).<\/p>\n

Ve druh\u00e9 \u010dtvrtin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed bylo opevn\u011bn\u00ed zdokonaleno z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 park\u00e1nov\u00e9 hradebn\u00ed kamenn\u00e9 zdi se sedmi d\u011blov\u00fdmi ba\u0161tami rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi po jejich obvodu a k tomu nav\u00edc z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm dal\u0161\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed hradby. Od roku 1376 je zn\u00e1ma Horn\u00ed br\u00e1na, zvan\u00e1 tak\u00e9 Pasovsk\u00e1 a Doln\u00ed br\u00e1na, zvan\u00e1 P\u00edseck\u00e1. P\u0159i dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta husitsk\u00fdmi vojsky v roce 1420 byla Doln\u00ed br\u00e1na po\u0161kozena a muselo doj\u00edt k jej\u00ed p\u0159estavb\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed stavebn\u00ed \u00fapravy n\u00e1sledovaly v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, kdy se kolem m\u011bsta vybudoval nov\u00fd p\u00e1s park\u00e1nov\u00e9 hradby s ba\u0161tami na valu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i budov\u00e1n\u00ed valu z\u00edskala st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed Doln\u00ed br\u00e1na svou dal\u0161\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u2013 novou masivn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159bokou v\u011b\u017e se \u0161irok\u00fdm pr\u016f\u010del\u00edm, zavr\u0161enou atikov\u00fdm cimbu\u0159\u00edm s n\u00e1ro\u017en\u00fdmi v\u00ed\u017ekami. Obdobn\u011b p\u0159ed Doln\u00ed br\u00e1nou vznikla dal\u0161\u00ed v podob\u011b masivn\u00ed hranolovit\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee zakon\u010den\u00e9 atikov\u00fdm cimbu\u0159\u00edm s n\u00e1ro\u017en\u00edmi v\u00ed\u017ekami.<\/p>\n

V roce 1569 byla dopln\u011bna o venkovn\u00ed v\u00fdzdobu, ze kter\u00e9 se dochovaly heraldick\u00e9 p\u011btilist\u00e9 r\u016f\u017ee v nik\u00e1ch atiky, v pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed obraz ro\u017embersk\u00e9ho jezdce, nad n\u00edm\u017e se vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed genius s n\u00e1pisem: \u201eLaudamus veteres sed nostris utimur annis\u201c (star\u00e9 chv\u00e1l\u00edme, ale sv\u00e9 dob\u011b \u017eijeme) a dal\u0161\u00ed latinsk\u00fd n\u00e1pis nad pr\u016fchodem, v p\u0159ekladu: \u201ePov\u011bst odm\u011bn\u00ed velik\u00e9 n\u00e1mahy. Po smrti poroste sl\u00e1va Ro\u017emberk\u016f. Tato ozdoba potrv\u00e1 na v\u011bky\u201c. Nad pr\u016fchodem jsou kola kladek, p\u016fvodn\u011b vedouc\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzy padac\u00edho mostu.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00e9lnou \u0161t\u011brbinou v prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti br\u00e1ny bylo mo\u017eno spustit ochrannou m\u0159\u00ed\u017e. Kamenn\u00e9 d\u011blov\u00e9 koule v pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed br\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b pou\u017eili husit\u00e9 v \u010dele s Janem \u017di\u017ekou p\u0159i dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta v roce 1420, byly na m\u00edsto zazd\u011bny dodate\u010dn\u011b.Paln\u00e9 zbran\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edvaly od po\u010d\u00e1tku 15. stolet\u00ed k \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obran\u011b m\u011bst, ale je\u0161t\u011b mnohem v\u00edce je ohro\u017eovaly. St\u00e1le dokonalej\u0161\u00ed d\u011bla se st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dost\u0159elem a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fraznost\u00ed soupe\u0159ila s pevnost\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fdch hradeb.<\/p>\n

Prachatick\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed pro\u0161lo t\u011b\u017ekou zkou\u0161kou na po\u010d\u00e1tku t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. V listopadu 1619 oblehl c\u00edsa\u0159skou pos\u00e1dku ve m\u011bst\u011b stavovsk\u00fd vojev\u016fdce Mansfeld a jeho d\u011bla pobo\u0159ila tzv. Z\u00e1blatskou v\u011b\u017e u Horn\u00ed br\u00e1ny. V kv\u011btnu 1620 se tu stavovsk\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka ubr\u00e1nila c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9mu vojsku Dona Baltazara Marradase navzdory siln\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159elb\u011b obl\u00e9hatel\u016f, ale cestou na boji\u0161t\u011b na B\u00edl\u00e9 ho\u0159e p\u0159it\u00e1hl na konci z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1620 k Prachatic\u00edm c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fd gener\u00e1l Buquoy s celou arm\u00e1dou a po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed s pomoc\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 palby m\u011bsto dobyl. Ani dvoj\u00ed p\u00e1s hradeb mu v tom nezabr\u00e1nil a v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 vojsko povra\u017edilo v ulic\u00edch Prachatic n\u011bkolik stovek obyvatel. Touto krvavou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed dohr\u00e1lo prachatick\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed svou vojenskou roli a v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dob\u00e1ch se zvolna prom\u011bnilo v malebnou kulisu st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 minulosti m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n

V 18. stolet\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed ztratilo sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam a n\u011bkter\u00e9 jeho \u010d\u00e1sti byly zbo\u0159eny a stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l byl pou\u017eit p\u0159i stavb\u011b nov\u00fdch dom\u016f. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 ba\u0161ty ch\u00e1traly a n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly upraveny. Tak\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b m\u011bstsk\u00fdch bran nebyla v\u011bnov\u00e1na dostate\u010dn\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de a ch\u00e1traly. V roce 1857 n\u011bkolik prachatick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u016f p\u0159edneslo m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rad\u011b n\u00e1vrh na zbo\u0159en\u00ed Horn\u00ed br\u00e1ny. Jako d\u016fvod sv\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti uvedli, \u017ee br\u00e1na p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou komunika\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku, st\u011b\u017euje p\u0159\u00edjezd do m\u011bsta, je v chatrn\u00e9m stavu a tak\u00e9 v no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch m\u00e1 nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho se za Horn\u00ed br\u00e1nou rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 rybn\u00ed\u010dek (dnes park), kter\u00fd p\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edvalech p\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1 a m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 i cestuj\u00edc\u00ed se mus\u00ed branou brodit vodou. D\u00e1le se uv\u00e1d\u011blo, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 m\u011bsta sv\u00e9 br\u00e1ny ji\u017e d\u00e1vno odstranila. Prachati\u010dt\u00ed m\u011b\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 skromn\u011b p\u0159ipomn\u011bli, \u017ee zachovan\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed a ze\u010f jsou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou dal\u0161\u00ed stavebn\u00ed v\u00fdstavby m\u011bstsk\u00fdch dom\u016f.<\/p>\n

Obsah tohoto spisu byl pojedn\u00e1n v zased\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady, kter\u00e1 rozhodla o utvo\u0159en\u00ed komise, jej\u00ed\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 m\u011bli za \u00fakol vy\u0161et\u0159it pravdivost \u017e\u00e1dosti. Nakonec bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee v l\u00e9t\u011b 1859 m\u00e1 doj\u00edt ke zbo\u0159en\u00ed Horn\u00ed br\u00e1ny. Proto\u017ee se objevily r\u016fzn\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ekosti, za\u010dalo se s jej\u00edm bo\u0159en\u00edm pozd\u011bji. Dne 4. \u010dervna 1860 prachatick\u00e1 m\u011bstsk\u00e1 rada oznamovala Okresn\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu v Prachatic\u00edch, \u017ee b\u011bhem uplynut\u00ed osmi dn\u00ed bude dokon\u010deno jej\u00ed zbo\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A je\u0161t\u011b pov\u011bst:<\/strong> Trouben\u00ed na t\u0159i strany. Jednou vystupoval nov\u00fd ponocn\u00fd na prachatickou kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017e, aby odtroubil svou hodinu. P\u0159ilo\u017eil hl\u00e1snou troubu k \u00fast\u016fm a zadul postupn\u011b do t\u0159\u00ed stran. Kdy\u017e se chystal zatroubit sm\u011brem k \u0161ibenici a h\u0159bitovu, objevila se kostliv\u010d\u00ed ruka a srazila ho ze schod\u016f. Kdy\u017e se dole probral, vzpomn\u011bl si, \u017ee necht\u011bl nechat klidn\u011b sp\u00e1t mrtv\u00e9 na h\u0159bitov\u011b, a tak mu dali na pam\u011btnou. Od t\u00e9 doby se v Prachatic\u00edch troubilo jen na t\u0159i strany.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Trouben\u00ed na t\u0159i strany – Gustav Jungbauer, B\u00f6hmerwald Sagen, 1924, PhDr. V\u00e1clav Star\u00fd, archiv\u00e1\u0159<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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