{"id":246482,"date":"2022-02-08T14:04:09","date_gmt":"2022-02-08T13:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246482"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:32:33","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:32:33","slug":"priroda-porekadlo-kdo-setri-ma-za-tri-plati-i-u-zimniho-spanku-netopyru-zjistili-vedci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246482","title":{"rendered":"P\u0158\u00cdRODA: Po\u0159ekadlo \u201eKdo \u0161et\u0159\u00ed, m\u00e1 za t\u0159i\u201c plat\u00ed i u zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku netop\u00fdr\u016f, zjistili v\u011bdci na R\u00fdma\u0159ovsku"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Netop\u00fd\u0159i b\u011bhem hibernace \u0161et\u0159\u00ed energii. Ze sp\u00e1nku se n\u011bkdy neprobouzej\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b, ale jen na tak n\u00edzkou teplotu, aby byli schopni vyhodnotit situaci. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159e\u010dkat zimu bez z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ztr\u00e1t tukov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob. V\u00fdzkum v\u011bdc\u016f z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR, Masarykovy univerzity a Veterin\u00e1rn\u00ed univerzity Brno, kter\u00fdm se zab\u00fdvali v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch ve \u0161tol\u00e1ch na R\u00fdma\u0159ovsku na severn\u00ed Morav\u011b, z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem posouv\u00e1 dosavadn\u00ed poznatky zoologie.<\/h6>\n

\"\"V\u011bdci dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee netop\u00fd\u0159i reaguj\u00ed na vyru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem hibernace \u00fapln\u00fdm probuzen\u00edm, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e se jim zvy\u0161uje teplota a\u017e o 25\u02daC a hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed tukov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob. Studie \u010desk\u00fdch zoolog\u016f, uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Journal of Thermal Biology, prok\u00e1zala, \u017ee hloubka probuzen\u00ed ze stavu strnulosti se li\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m ru\u0161en\u00ed je \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed pouze o n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f Celsia.<\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdzkum jsme prov\u00e1d\u011bli v Jesen\u00edk\u00e1ch ve \u0161tol\u00e1ch \u0160imon a Juda na R\u00fdma\u0159ovsku, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zimovi\u0161t\u011b netop\u00fdra velk\u00e9ho. Sledovali jsme reakci teploty t\u011bla na vyru\u0161en\u00ed u celkem 38 netop\u00fdr\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dvou zim v letech 2017\u20132019,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Jan Zukal, \u0159editel \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR, expert na ekologii netop\u00fdr\u016f a hlavn\u00ed autor studie.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci v uveden\u00e9 lokalit\u011b pozorovali dva typy probuzen\u00ed, tzv. normotermn\u00ed, kdy teplota vzrostla o v\u00edce ne\u017e 25\u02daC, a tzv. studen\u00e9, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e teplota nevzrostla o v\u00edce ne\u017e 15\u02daC. Zjistili, \u017ee a\u010dkoli netop\u00fd\u0159i reagovali na vyru\u0161en\u00ed probuzen\u00edm oboj\u00edho druhu, \u010dast\u011bji u nich nast\u00e1valo probuzen\u00ed studen\u00e9, a to a\u017e v 63, 8 % pozorovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vyhodnotit rizika, ale neohrozit \u0161anci na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed<\/h6>\n

\u201eZah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed pouze o n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f vy\u017eaduje m\u00e9n\u011b energie ne\u017e probuzen\u00ed normotermick\u00e9. Vypad\u00e1 to tedy, \u017ee studen\u00e9 probuzen\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016fm sta\u010d\u00ed na to, aby aktivovali sv\u016fj smyslov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a vyhodnotili rizika souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s vyru\u0161en\u00edm. D\u00edky tomuto p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161et\u0159\u00ed tukov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby a mohou l\u00e9pe p\u0159e\u010dkat zimu,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Jan Zukal.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00fdzkum prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee se u n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch netop\u00fdr\u016f vyvinula tato v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 adaptace, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee lze uva\u017eovat o zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed ochrany v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zimovi\u0161\u0165. Nev\u00ed se toti\u017e, jestli podobnou adaptaci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i vr\u00e1penci mal\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm druhem zimuj\u00edc\u00edm v tuzemsk\u00fdch jeskyn\u00edch. \u201eNav\u00edc, i studen\u00e9 probuzen\u00ed stoj\u00ed netop\u00fdra ur\u010dit\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 z\u00e1soby a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 frekvence ru\u0161en\u00ed by nakonec mohla v\u00e9st k jeho \u00famrt\u00ed,<\/em>\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Jan Zukal.<\/p>\n

Hibernace neboli zimn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek je specifick\u00e1 reakce \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f na zimn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Ti v klidov\u00e9m stavu a p\u0159i \u00fatlumu fyziologick\u00fdch proces\u016f p\u0159e\u010dk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve vhodn\u00e9m \u00fakrytu, takzvan\u00e9m zimovi\u0161ti, nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 zimn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Hibernace je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 nap\u0159. u netop\u00fdr\u016f, je\u017ek\u016f, k\u0159e\u010dk\u016f, plch\u016f nebo sysl\u016f. U netop\u00fdr\u016f m\u00edrn\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma se v obdob\u00ed hibernace st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 stavy strnulosti se sn\u00ed\u017eenou t\u011blesnou teplotou a stavy, kdy se netop\u00fdr na chv\u00edli probud\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Odkaz na publikaci:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erik Bachorec, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Bartoni\u010dka, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Heger, Jiri Pikula, Jan Zukal, Cold arousal – A mechanism used by hibernating bats to reduce the energetic costs of disturbance, Journal of Thermal Biology,<\/p>\n

Volume 101, 2021, 103107, ISSN 0306-4565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.103107<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

(tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Zimuj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fdr velk\u00fd (Myotis myotis). FOTO: Ji\u0159\u00ed Pikula<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Teplotn\u00ed profil \u010dty\u0159 studovan\u00fdch jedinc\u016f. \u0160ipky ozna\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady studen\u00e9ho probuzen\u00ed po vyru\u0161en\u00ed netop\u00fdra na zimovi\u0161ti. Zdroj: Bachorec et al. 2021<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Netop\u00fd\u0159i velc\u00ed zimuj\u00ed \u010dasto i ve skupin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tu v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee nemusej\u00ed reagovat, kdy\u017e se probud\u00ed soused. FOTO: Jan Zukal<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Zimuj\u00edc\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i ozna\u010den\u00ed automatick\u00fdmi dataloggery, kter\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed povrchovou teplotu t\u011bla. FOTO: Erik Bachorec<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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  Netop\u00fd\u0159i <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":246485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/05\/OBR02.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246482"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=246482"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":246683,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246482\/revisions\/246683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/246485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=246482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=246482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=246482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}