{"id":246384,"date":"2022-02-04T14:32:57","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T13:32:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246384"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:32:46","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:32:46","slug":"nebe-nad-hlavou-dva-extremni-blesky-na-zapadni-polokouli-se-zapsaly-mezi-rekordy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246384","title":{"rendered":"P\u0158\u00cdRODA: Dva extr\u00e9mn\u00ed blesky na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli se zapsaly mezi rekordy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Experti Sv\u011btov\u00e9 meteorologick\u00e9 organizace p\u0159i OSN hl\u00e1s\u00ed z\u00e1pis dvou sv\u011btov\u00fdch rekord\u016f: bleskov\u00fd v\u00fdboj nad Uruguay\u00ed a severn\u00ed Argentinou trval 17 sekund, blesk nad ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f americk\u00fdch urazil uvnit\u0159 bou\u0159kov\u00e9ho oblaku vzd\u00e1lenost 768 kilometr\u016f. \u010clenkou komise, kter\u00e1 rekordy vyhodnocuje, je nov\u011b od roku 2021 \u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdkyn\u011b Ivana Kolma\u0161ov\u00e1 z \u00dastavu fyziky atmosf\u00e9ry AV \u010cR.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Oba megablesky byly zaznamen\u00e1ny na ja\u0159e roku 2020 z ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy okolo Zem\u011b pomoc\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00edho optick\u00e9ho satelitn\u00edho detektoru.<\/p>\n

Dosud nejdel\u0161\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd blesk prolet\u011bl mohutn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem bou\u0159kov\u00fdch oblak\u016f rozprost\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edm se nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d ji\u017en\u00edmi st\u00e1ty USA 29. dubna 2020 a p\u0159ekonal horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost zhruba 768 kilometr\u016f (s mo\u017enou odchylkou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed 8 km). Je tak o 60 kilometr\u016f del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e posledn\u00ed rekordman z ji\u017en\u00ed Braz\u00edlie zaznamenan\u00fd 31. \u0159\u00edjna 2018, kter\u00fd m\u011b\u0159il 709 \u00b1 8 km.<\/p>\n

M\u011b\u0159eno na dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed se mezi rekordy zap\u00ed\u0161e blesk o d\u00e9lce 17,102 sekundy (s mo\u017enou odchylkou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed 0,002 sekundy), kter\u00fd se bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159il bou\u0159kov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem nad Uruguay\u00ed a severn\u00ed Argentinou 18. \u010dervna 2020. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed rekordn\u00ed blesk, jen\u017e se objevil 4. b\u0159ezna 2019 nad severn\u00ed Argentinou, byl p\u0159ekon\u00e1n o 0,37 sekundy.<\/p>\n

\u201eTyto extr\u00e9my jsou \u017eivouc\u00edm dokladem s\u00edly p\u0159\u00edrody, ale tak\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pokroku v jej\u00edm pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee existuj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e9le trvaj\u00edc\u00ed a na del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed blesky, kter\u00e9 ale budeme schopni pozorovat, a\u017e kdy\u017e se technologick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti jejich detekce je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zdokonal\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed Randall Cerveny z V\u00fdboru pro meteorologick\u00e9 a klimatick\u00e9 extr\u00e9my WMO.<\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 technologie<\/h6>\n

Pro hled\u00e1n\u00ed rekord\u016f v d\u00e9lce trv\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9ho blesku a v d\u00e9lce vzd\u00e1lenosti, kterou blesk bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed urazil uvnit\u0159 bou\u0159kov\u00e9ho oblaku, se a\u017e doned\u00e1vna pou\u017e\u00edvala data z pozemn\u00edch ant\u00e9nn\u00edch pol\u00ed, jejich\u017e mo\u017enosti jsou ov\u0161em zna\u010dn\u011b omezen\u00e9 jejich polohou a dosahem. Nyn\u00ed jsou k dispozici optick\u00e9 detektory um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na geostacion\u00e1rn\u00edch satelitech GOES-16 a GOES-17, kter\u00e9 nov\u011b uznan\u00e9 extr\u00e9my zachytily. Tyto optick\u00e9 CCD detektory zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 dv\u011b tis\u00edciny sekundy obr\u00e1zek o velikosti 1372 \u00d7 1300 pixel\u016f.<\/p>\n

Rekordy byly stanoveny na z\u00e1klad\u011b pe\u010dliv\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy \u010dasov\u00e9 souslednosti pixel\u016f osv\u011btlen\u00fdch zkouman\u00fdm bleskov\u00fdm v\u00fdbojem. Z vesm\u00edru blesky pozoruje tak\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd satelit FY-4 a na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu se brzy dostane optick\u00fd detektor na palub\u011b evropsk\u00e9 dru\u017eice MTG-I, \u010d\u00edm\u017e budou m\u00edt v\u011bdci k dispozici t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pokryt\u00ed bleskov\u00e9 aktivity na zemi.<\/p>\n

Co satelity neodhal\u00ed<\/h6>\n

\u201eBlesky mne st\u00e1le nep\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed udivovat,<\/em>\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ivana Kolma\u0161ov\u00e1 z odd\u011blen\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 fyziky \u00dastavu fyziky atmosf\u00e9ry AV \u010cR. \u201eB\u011b\u017en\u011b jsou krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jedna sekunda a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se bou\u0159kov\u00fdm oblakem horizont\u00e1ln\u011b des\u00edtky kilometr\u016f \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b. D\u00edky satelitn\u00edm detektor\u016fm bylo sice mo\u017en\u00e9 odhalit tyto rekordn\u00ed megablesky, ale je spousta dal\u0161\u00edch extr\u00e9mn\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed bleskov\u00e9ho v\u00fdboje, kter\u00e9 satelity neodhal\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 by n\u00e1s hodn\u011b zaj\u00edmaly,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje v\u011bdkyn\u011b. Podle n\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad dosud nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, jak velk\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proudy tekouc\u00ed bleskov\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem nebo kolikr\u00e1t uhod\u00ed blesk do p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hady kolem blesk\u016f se ov\u0161em neomezuj\u00ed jen na rekordy. \u201eNap\u0159\u00edklad st\u00e1le p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00edme, co se d\u011bje uvnit\u0159 bou\u0159kov\u00fdch oblak\u016f p\u0159i vzniku bleskov\u00e9ho v\u00fdboje, nerozum\u00edme v\u0161em okolnostem vzniku nadobla\u010dn\u00fdch blesk\u016f, jako jsou sk\u0159\u00edtci \u010di elfov\u00e9, a neum\u00edme vysv\u011btlit vlastnosti kulov\u00e9ho blesku,\u201c<\/em> zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Ivana Kolma\u0161ov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 anal\u00fdzou vlastnost\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln generovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi bleskov\u00fdmi v\u00fdboji za pomoci dru\u017eicov\u00fdch dat a dat z pozemn\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 organizace<\/strong><\/a> je specializovan\u00e1 agentura Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje 193 \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a \u00fazem\u00ed. OSN ji z\u0159izuje pro referov\u00e1n\u00ed o stavu a projevech zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry i jej\u00ed interakci s pevninou a oce\u00e1ny, o po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu nebo vodn\u00edch zdroj\u00edch. V\u00fdbor pro extr\u00e9mn\u00ed blesky m\u00e1 na starosti v\u011bdeck\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed jedine\u010dnosti p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010clen nebo \u010dlenov\u00e9 v\u00fdboru, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed k dan\u00e9 problematice nejbl\u00ed\u017ee, analyzuj\u00ed data z pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed kandid\u00e1ta na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed blesk, pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje diskuse cel\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru o opr\u00e1vn\u011bnosti uzn\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9ho extr\u00e9mu a nakonec vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho rekordu.<\/p>\n

(tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Experti <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":246386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/04\/mapy-blesky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=246384"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":246389,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246384\/revisions\/246389"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/246386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=246384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=246384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=246384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}