{"id":246091,"date":"2023-01-31T19:39:13","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T18:39:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246091"},"modified":"2023-01-31T19:39:13","modified_gmt":"2023-01-31T18:39:13","slug":"stara-sumava-na-hromnice-pul-krajice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246091","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Na Hromnice p\u016fl kraj\u00edce"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Po\u010d\u00e1tek \u00fanora, kdy zpravidla v\u0161ude je\u0161t\u011b le\u017e\u00ed sn\u00edh, zima zd\u00e1nliv\u011b pevn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed ot\u011b\u017ee sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a slunce sice pomalu, ale jist\u011b nab\u00edr\u00e1 na sv\u00e9 s\u00edle, pat\u0159\u00ed Hromnic\u00edm. P\u0159esn\u011bji, jejich dnem je druh\u00fd \u00fanor a mohli bychom je v \u0159e\u010di na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f ozna\u010dit jako prvn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky jara.<\/h6>\n

Druh\u00fd \u00fanor je v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 liturgii i v lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e spojen s Hromnicemi. Sv\u011btl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st dne se u\u017e z\u0159eteln\u011b prodlu\u017euje, jak napov\u00edd\u00e1 pranostika \u201ena Hromnice o hodinu v\u00edce\u201c. P\u0159edkov\u00e9 byli v odhadov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn d\u00e9lky dne velmi velkorys\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u Hromnic se den neprodlu\u017euje o pranostikovou hodinu oproti d\u00e9lce dne v dob\u011b zimn\u00edho slunovratu, ale je u\u017e del\u0161\u00ed o hodinu a dvacet minut.<\/p>\n

Po\u0159ekadlo \u201ena Hromnice p\u016fl p\u00edce\u201c m\u00e1 zase hospod\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee zima nekon\u010d\u00ed a je t\u0159eba m\u00edt ten den ve stodole je\u0161t\u011b alespo\u0148 polovinu z\u00e1sob sena pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Hromnice byly tak\u00e9 sv\u00e1tkem o\u010disty. V p\u0159edtu\u0161e jara lid\u00e9 c\u00edtili pot\u0159ebu vysm\u00fd\u010dit sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbytky, vym\u00e9st krby, uklidit st\u00e1je a dvory. Piln\u011b ukl\u00edzeli ka\u017ed\u00fd kout sv\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, ve snaze ud\u011blat m\u00edsto p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivouc\u00ed jarn\u00ed energii, kterou ji\u017e c\u00edtili ve vzduchu.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tkem T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f kdysi kon\u010d\u00edvalo dvan\u00e1ctidenn\u00ed obdob\u00ed V\u00e1noc a za\u00ad\u010d\u00ednala doba masopustn\u00edho vesel\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b zb\u00fdvalo ulo\u017eit betl\u00e9m, odstrojit a sp\u00e1lit v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed stromek, co\u017e je leckde dosud zvykem pr\u00e1v\u011b 2. \u00fanora, na sv\u00e1tek Hromnic, \u010dty\u0159icet dn\u016f po narozen\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista.
\nV c\u00edrkevn\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na tento den sv\u00e1tek Uveden\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b do chr\u00e1mu. P\u016f\u00advodn\u011b to byly sv\u00e1tky dva: O\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed Panny Marie a Ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b. Kdy\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b matce skon\u010dilo \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed (uplynulo zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159icet dn\u00ed, po kter\u00e9 byla \u017eena pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ne\u010distou), musela podle Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova z\u00e1kona p\u0159in\u00e9st ob\u011b\u0165 za o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Ob\u011btn\u00edm darem byly ber\u00e1nek a holoub\u011b. Marie s Josefem ten den poprv\u00e9 p\u0159inesli do jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt jako prvorozen\u00fd syn ob\u011btov\u00e1n Bohu, nebo z tohoto z\u00e1vazku vykoupen. Podle Luk\u00e1\u0161ova evangelia se tu potkali se starcem Simeonem a prorokyn\u00ed Annou, kte\u0159\u00ed v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi poznali o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho Mesi\u00e1\u0161e a nazvali ho \u201esv\u011btlem n\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

U n\u00e1s jsou nejstar\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednky o sv\u011bcen\u00ed sv\u00edc\u00ed na Hromnice z poloviny 14. stolet\u00ed a jsou v textech Tom\u00e1\u0161e ze \u0160t\u00edtn\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jde o starobylou a obecn\u011b uzn\u00e1vanou a uchov\u00e1vanou tradici. V kostelech ve sv\u00e1tek Uveden\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b do chr\u00e1mu vysv\u011bcen\u00e9 sv\u00edce doporu\u010dovali c\u00edrkevn\u00ed hodnost\u00e1\u0159i a duchovn\u00ed ji\u017e od 13. stolet\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm jako v\u011bc s Bo\u017e\u00ed ochranou. Ta se projevovala nejen p\u0159i ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch bou\u0159k\u00e1ch, ale v\u00fdznamnou \u00falohu m\u011bla tak\u00e9 p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b kn\u011bze u nemocn\u00e9ho nebo u rakve s nebo\u017et\u00edkem.<\/p>\n

V\u0161eobecn\u011b se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee odh\u00e1n\u00ed zl\u00e9 mocnosti. Ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed hromni\u010dka slou\u017eila k magick\u00fdm \u00fakon\u016fm spojen\u00fdm se zabezpe\u010den\u00edm \u00farody. Hospod\u00e1\u0159i d\u00e1vali ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00edci hromni\u010dku do hromady obil\u00ed a modlili se za hojnou \u00farodu, jinde s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00edc\u00ed hromni\u010dkou obch\u00e1zel hospod\u00e1\u0159 t\u0159ikr\u00e1t \u00faly, aby si zajistil hojnost medu a aby \u00faly byly chr\u00e1n\u011bny proti zlod\u011bj\u016fm a ohni. Tak\u00e9 vosk ze sv\u00edc\u00ed hromni\u010dek m\u011bl magickou s\u00edlu a bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 s jeho pomoc\u00ed \u010darovat. Zadlaban\u00fd do ml\u00fdnsk\u00fdch kamen\u016f dovedl ovlivnit mno\u017estv\u00ed a kvalitu mouky. Kdy\u017e byl p\u0159ilepen na st\u0159eleck\u00fd ter\u010d, protivn\u00edk jistojist\u011b netrefil. Bylo t\u0159eba jej v\u0161ak p\u0159ed vlastn\u00ed ranou odlepit, nebo\u0165 p\u016fsobil na v\u0161echny st\u0159elce bez rozd\u00edlu. Nakonec se vosk i ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00edce hromni\u010dky u\u017e\u00edvaly r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem i v lidov\u00e9m l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Star\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 v\u011brsk\u00e9 tradice udr\u017eovan\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno na\u0161imi p\u0159edky zakazovaly v tento den \u017een\u00e1m jakoukoliv pr\u00e1ci. Platil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1kaz p\u0159eden\u00ed nebo \u0161it\u00ed a v\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee do domu, kde se p\u0159\u00edkaz nedodr\u017eel, ude\u0159\u00ed blesk. Na \u0160umav\u011b obch\u00e1zel hospod\u00e1\u0159 hned po n\u00e1vratu z kostela s posv\u011bcenou zap\u00e1lenou hromni\u010dkou t\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u010del\u00ed \u00faly, co\u017e mu m\u011blo zajistit zdrav\u00e9 v\u010dely a hojnost medu. O Hromnic\u00edch se nesm\u011blo kl\u00edt, tancovat ani \u017eertovat. Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee kdo bude toho dne tancovat a z\u00e1kaz poru\u0161\u00ed, \u201ezem\u0159e bez sv\u011btla”.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b se hromni\u010dka d\u00e1vala do ruky t\u011b\u017ece nemocn\u00e9mu. Tak\u00e9 vedle lo\u017ee um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho ho\u0159ely hromni\u010dky – sv\u011btlo hromni\u010dky m\u011blo jeho du\u0161i\u010dce sv\u00edtit na cestu do nebe. B\u00e1by ko\u0159en\u00e1\u0159ky hromni\u010dkami l\u00e9\u010dily. Na vesnici se s hromni\u010dkami \u201e\u010darovalo” je\u0161t\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na Hromnice dle star\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e nejen kon\u010dily sv\u00e1tky v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed \u00faklidem betl\u00e9m\u016f i v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdzdoby, ale neofici\u00e1ln\u011b kon\u010dila zima a za\u010d\u00ednalo jaro. V p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b v obdob\u00ed Hromnic nast\u00e1v\u00e1 oteplen\u00ed a mohou se objevit prvn\u00ed bou\u0159ky. Sly\u0161et na Hromnice \u00fader hromu se pova\u017euje za dobr\u00e9 znamen\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji slovansk\u00e9 kn\u011b\u017eky v Libu\u0161in\u011b kole roku propojily Perun\u016fv sv\u00e1tek s bohyn\u00ed Zorou, zn\u00e1mou tak\u00e9 pod jm\u00e9ny Jit\u0159enka a Jasn\u011bnka. Je bohyn\u00ed brzk\u00e9ho jara, \u00fasvitu, za\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f, kr\u00e1sy, l\u00e1sky a nad\u011bje. Lidem p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed radost, \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edlu, nad\u0161en\u00ed a podporu nov\u00fdch za\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159edve\u010der Imbolcu hospodyn\u011b zh\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed v\u0161echna sv\u011btla a po p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b prostoru rozsv\u011bcuj\u00ed nov\u00e1 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti domu. Otev\u00edraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u0161echna okna a dve\u0159e, aby mohl do domu proudit nov\u00fd \u017eivot. Na parapet okna se stav\u00ed sv\u00edce, n\u00e1doba s ml\u00e9kem a \u010derstv\u00fd chl\u00e9b. Den po Hromnic\u00edch pak v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed slav\u00ed sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Bla\u017eeje. Podle legendy m\u011bl tento mu\u010dedn\u00edk ze \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159i cest\u011b na popravi\u0161t\u011b modlitbou uzdravit um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho chlapce, kter\u00e9mu se v krku vzp\u0159\u00ed\u010dila ryb\u00ed kost. Svatobla\u017eejsk\u00e9 po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u011blovan\u00e9 v tento den m\u00e1 pom\u00e1hat od nemoc\u00ed, a to zejm\u00e9na kr\u010dn\u00edch. Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Bla\u017eeje byl jedn\u00edm ze dvou term\u00edn\u016f v roce, kdy dost\u00e1vali sv\u016fj plat u\u010ditel\u00e9.<\/p>\n

K Hromnic\u00edm se v\u00e1\u017ee na 40 lidov\u00fdch pranostik, tak\u017ee i dal\u0161\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, zmi\u0148me nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201eZelen\u00e9 Hromnice \u2013 b\u00edl\u00e9 Velikonoce\u201c. Podle toho, jak na Hromnice bylo, odhadovali lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 budouc\u00ed \u00farodu, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo lep\u0161\u00ed slunce, proto\u017ee znamenalo hojnost nejenom obil\u00ed, ale i konop\u00ed \u010di lnu. Lid\u00e9 si tak\u00e9 velice dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomovali, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b dlouho potrv\u00e1, ne\u017e bude co skl\u00edzet. Na Hromnice proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b polovina krmn\u00fdch d\u00e1vek a polovina j\u00eddla pro rodinu, aby se poda\u0159ilo zimu spokojen\u011b p\u0159e\u010dkat. Tomu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pranostika \u201eNa Hromnice \u2013 p\u016fl kraj\u00edce, p\u016fl p\u00edce\u201c. A\u017e b\u011bhem kv\u011btna a \u010dervna toti\u017e naroste po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 tr\u00e1va, kterou p\u016fjde krmit dobytek, a budou prvn\u00ed plody ke skl\u00edzen\u00ed. Bude-li p\u011bkn\u011b, jasno a slune\u010dno, bude zima je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1, nejm\u00e9n\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch \u0161est t\u00fddn\u016f. Naopak pokud bude o\u0161klivo, zata\u017eeno a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b bude sn\u011b\u017eit nebo pr\u0161et, vezme zima kr\u00e1tk\u00fd konec.<\/p>\n

Na Hromnice na v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 d\u00fdchne z\u00e1van p\u0159edja\u0159\u00ed, nebo\u0165 s pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se okolo 70 procent se dostavuje v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed, je\u017e na\u0161i p\u0159edci nazvali hromni\u010dn\u00ed oblevou. Kolem poloviny prvn\u00ed \u00fanorov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy v\u0161ak obvykle p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00edv\u00e1 tzv. tuh\u00e1 \u00fanorov\u00e1 zima, kdy do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy proud\u00ed velmi chladn\u00fd arktick\u00fd vzduch, tak uvid\u00edme, \u010d\u00edm n\u00e1s letos po\u010das\u00ed p\u0159ekvap\u00ed!<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Ve\u010derkov\u00e1: Oby\u010deje a slavnosti v \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e, Lidov\u00e1 kultura. N\u00e1rodopisn\u00e1 encyklopedie \u010cech Moravy a Slezska<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Po\u010d\u00e1tek <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":272340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/31\/ram-na-hromnice.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246091"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=246091"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246091\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":272339,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246091\/revisions\/272339"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/272340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=246091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=246091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=246091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}