{"id":246018,"date":"2024-02-14T20:09:19","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T19:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246018"},"modified":"2024-02-14T20:09:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T19:09:19","slug":"stara-sumava-unorove-rozjimani-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=246018","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u00danorov\u00e9 rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00danor<\/h6>\n

Teskliv\u00e9 nebe zem\u011b zdej\u0161\u00ed,<\/em>
\nv \u00fanoru je\u0161t\u011b teskliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,<\/em>
\nsvou \u0161ed\u00ed k obzoru se dru\u017e\u00ed<\/em>
\na pad\u00e1 ml\u010dky do kalu\u017e\u00ed.<\/em>
\nSn\u011b\u017eenku chladnou tiskne\u0161 k sp\u00e1nku,<\/em>
\n\u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u0161 si ver\u0161\u00edk o sk\u0159iv\u00e1nku,<\/em>
\nzat\u00edmco kluci nasedaj\u00ed<\/em>
\nu\u017e na kon\u011b a jedou k m\u00e1ji.<\/em>
\nP\u0159es bl\u00e1to ov\u0161em, p\u0159es kalu\u017ee,<\/em>
\na vid\u00ed v d\u00e1lce kv\u00e9sti r\u016f\u017ee.<\/em> (Jaroslav Seifert)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nLeden, jako prvn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc nov\u00e9ho roku, p\u0159edal \u017eezlo \u00fanoru, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b sice nese pochode\u0148 a \u017eezlo zimy, u\u017e se ale symbolicky chyst\u00e1 na jejich p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed jaru. Je tu za\u010d\u00e1tek nov\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce, kter\u00fd sice je\u0161t\u011b pova\u017eujeme za zimn\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 je u\u017e patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 prodlu\u017eovat den\u2026<\/h6>\n

Na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 pova\u017eovali \u00fanor za zcela specifick\u00fd, p\u0159edjarn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc a toto obdob\u00ed m\u011bli spojen\u00e9 s mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zvyky a ritu\u00e1ly. \u00danor m\u00e1 \u0161patn\u00fd charakter. Kdyby m\u00edsto osmadvaceti dn\u016f m\u011bl jen jeden, v\u016fbec by mi to nevadilo. Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd m\u00edt na n\u011bj pevn\u00fd n\u00e1zor. Je vrtkav\u00fd, ka\u017ed\u00fd rok jin\u00fd, \u010dlov\u011bk nev\u00ed, jak se m\u00e1 do n\u011bj r\u00e1no obl\u00e9ci, ni\u010d\u00edm si u n\u011bj nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jist\u00fd, je jak rozmazlen\u00e1 fiflena. N\u011bkdy p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161 b\u0159ezen \u010di duben, probud\u00ed i v\u010dely a jindy leden. \u00danor, podle star\u00fdch tradic m\u011bs\u00edc hodokvas\u016f a nev\u00e1zan\u00e9ho vesel\u00ed. Pokra\u010duj\u00ed a vrchol\u00ed toti\u017e oslavy masopustu, kter\u00e9 zapo\u010daly v lednu po rozj\u00edmav\u00e9m adventn\u00edm p\u016fstu. Lid\u00e9 se vesel\u00edm p\u0159ipravovali na dal\u0161\u00ed sebezpytov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edvelikono\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fst. Nev\u00e1zan\u00e9 vesel\u00ed s sebou neslo z\u00e1rove\u0148 cht\u011bn\u00fd efekt ve form\u011b rozen\u00ed potomk\u016f do vhodn\u00e9 doby. Svat\u00fd Martin uk\u00e1\u017ee, co masopust dok\u00e1\u017ee!<\/p>\n

Latinsky je \u00fanor februarius. Februs znamen\u00e1 o\u010distn\u00fd. O\u010dista se prov\u00e1d\u011bla ve star\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b \u0159em\u00ednky z k\u016f\u017ee ob\u011btovan\u00e9ho kozla o Luperk\u00e1li\u00edch, tedy o p\u0159edjarn\u00ed slavnosti na po\u010dest fauna Luperka, ochr\u00e1nce st\u00e1d p\u0159ed vlky. \u010cesk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u00fanor se odvozuje od slova no\u0159it, nebo\u0165 v tomto m\u011bs\u00edci se led no\u0159\u00ed, l\u00e1me a puk\u00e1. N\u011bkdy tomu tak skute\u010dn\u011b je. Ale zase jenom tu a tam. Nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011b\u0161tcem jara je v\u0161ak podle myslivc\u016f zaj\u00edc. Pranostika \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: po Hromnic\u00edch mus\u00ed zaje\u010dice vrhnout, i kdyby m\u011bli zaj\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9 zmrznout. Potom m\u00e1 podle kalend\u00e1\u0159e sv\u00e1tek Ljuba, ale p\u016fvodn\u011b 16. \u00fanora bylo Juli\u00e1ny a \u0159\u00edkalo se: O svat\u00e9 Juli\u00e1n\u011b schovej s\u00e1n\u011b. A o t\u00fdden pozd\u011bji m\u00e1me svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bja – l\u00e9ta nad\u011bja. Jak\u00fd mr\u00e1z bude ve\u010der na svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, takov\u00fd bude za 40 dn\u00ed. To si m\u016f\u017eeme ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it. \u00danor se sv\u00fdm z\u00e1ludn\u00fdm po\u010das\u00edm nad\u011blal vr\u00e1sky nejednomu zahradn\u00edkovi. Holomrazy, slunce, kter\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na s\u00edle, v\u011btrno a vlhko, po\u010das\u00ed nest\u00e1l\u00e9 ji\u017e v dob\u011b na\u0161ich praotc\u016f. Bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se jaro se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nesm\u011ble hl\u00e1sit o slovo. Ve dne se p\u0159\u00edroda t\u011b\u0161\u00ed ze slune\u010dn\u00edch paprsk\u016f, v noci ude\u0159\u00ed mrazy, za kter\u00e9 by se ani leden nestyd\u011bl.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm v\u00edc jsem si toho o \u00fanoru na\u010detl, t\u00edm v\u00edc mus\u00edm trvat na sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b, \u017ee \u00fanor m\u00e1 \u0161patn\u00fd charakter. Potvrdil mi to i Karel \u010capek, v knize Zahradn\u00edk\u016fv rok se k tomuto m\u011bs\u00edci vyjad\u0159uje pon\u011bkud skepticky:
\n\u201e\u00danor je doba nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, kter\u00e1 zahradn\u00edka ohro\u017euje holomrazy, sluncem, v\u011btrem a vlhkem. Tento nejkrat\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc, tento z\u00e1prtek mezi m\u011bs\u00edci, tento m\u011bs\u00edc nedono\u0161en\u00fd, p\u0159estupn\u00fd a v\u016fbec nesolidn\u00ed vynik\u00e1 nad v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed sv\u00fdmi potm\u011b\u0161il\u00fdmi z\u00e1ludy; m\u011bjte se p\u0159ed n\u00edm na pozoru. Ve dne loud\u00ed na ke\u0159\u00edch pupence a v noci je sp\u00e1l\u00ed; jednou rukou n\u00e1m lahod\u00ed a druhou n\u00e1m lusk\u00e1 pod nosem. \u010cert v\u00ed, pro\u010d se o p\u0159estupn\u00fdch letech p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 jeden den pr\u00e1v\u011b tomuto vrtkav\u00e9mu, katar\u00e1ln\u00edmu, po\u0165ouchl\u00e9mu m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edmu skr\u010dkovi; v p\u0159estupn\u00fd rok by se m\u011bl p\u0159idat jeden den kr\u00e1sn\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed v m\u00e1ji, aby jich bylo dvaat\u0159icet, a bylo by to. Jakpak k tomu my zahradn\u00edci p\u0159ijdem?\u201c<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e klasik p\u00ed\u0161e s podivem, \u017ee my zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edme na r\u016fzn\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 moudra i zku\u0161enosti pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f. Z pranostik maj\u00ed d\u016ftklivou platnost ty, podle kter\u00fdch svat\u00fd Mat\u011bj ledy sek\u00e1, uzn\u00e1v\u00e1me tak\u00e9 t\u0159i ledov\u00e9 mu\u017ee, Medardovu k\u00e1pi i jin\u00e9 takov\u00e9 v\u011bci. Ze v\u0161ech t\u011bchto p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed od prad\u00e1vna s po\u010das\u00edm \u0161patn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Proto n\u00e1m lidov\u00e9 pranostiky v\u011b\u0161t\u00ed pov\u011bt\u0161inou v\u011bci neblah\u00e9 a pochmurn\u00e9; ostatn\u011b i modern\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi na\u0161ich prognostik\u016f \u010dastuj\u00ed n\u00e1s nejrad\u011bji n\u00e1led\u00edm, potopami a vich\u0159icemi, aby n\u00e1s mohli zahrnout v\u00fdstrahami co nej\u010dern\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi; hor\u0161\u00ed progn\u00f3zy maj\u00ed pro n\u00e1s u\u017e jen na\u0161i politici.<\/p>\n

Spolehnout se nelze ani na zku\u0161enost sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed to star\u0161\u00ed, pon\u011bkud roztr\u017eit\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jara \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e9 jaro je\u0161t\u011b nepamatuj\u00ed. Je-li chladno, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ed \u0161edes\u00e1ti lety kvetly na Hromnice fialky; pokud je teplo, vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed, jak se na svat\u00e9ho Josefa vozili na s\u00e1\u0148k\u00e1ch. Je tedy z pranostik i pod\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee co do po\u010das\u00ed panuje v na\u0161em klimatu nespoutan\u00e1 libov\u016fle. Proti tomu se prost\u011b ned\u00e1 nic d\u011blat, a jak tvrd\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 hlavy studovan\u00e9, bude h\u016f\u0159. Takov\u00fd p\u011bkn\u00fd den s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed teplotou a sluncem nad hlavou zd\u00e1 se tud\u00ed\u017e u\u017e jen p\u0159e\u017eitkem \u010di p\u0159ehnanou vzpom\u00ednkou z ml\u00e1d\u00ed.
\nP\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Star\u00e9 \u0160umavy m\u011bjte se kr\u00e1sn\u011b \u00fanorov\u011b…<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00danor <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":297781,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14\/ram-rozjimani.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246018"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=246018"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":297782,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/246018\/revisions\/297782"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/297781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=246018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=246018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=246018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}