{"id":245839,"date":"2022-02-01T11:43:18","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T10:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=245839"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:33:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:33:00","slug":"priroda-cesti-vedci-objevili-novy-druh-savce-z-ohrozenych-etiopskych-lesu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=245839","title":{"rendered":"P\u0158\u00cdRODA: \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci objevili nov\u00fd druh savce z ohro\u017een\u00fdch etiopsk\u00fdch les\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
My\u0161 harennsk\u00e1 FOTO: Leonid Lavrenchenko<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm biolog\u016f, kter\u00fd vede Josef Bryja z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f Akademie v\u011bd (AV \u010cR), nalezl a popsal dal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00fd druh hlodavce, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje pouze v horsk\u00fdch les\u00edch Etiopsk\u00e9 vyso\u010diny. Lesy d\u0159\u00edve pokr\u00fdvaly jej\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st, vlivem lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti z nich v\u0161ak z\u016fstaly jen mal\u00e9 fragmenty, kter\u00e9 v sou\u010dasnosti ohro\u017euje nejen neust\u00e1l\u00e9 k\u00e1cen\u00ed, ale i klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Etiopii se ne nadarmo p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 st\u0159echa Afriky. Celkem 15 % jej\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed nad hranic\u00ed 2000 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em. Etiopsk\u00e1 vyso\u010dina je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed nejen vysok\u00fdmi nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161kami, ale i svou izolovanost\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch hor. D\u00edky tomu se zde nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159ada rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se nevyskytuj\u00ed nikde jinde ve sv\u011bt\u011b. Pozornost v\u011bdc\u016f se doposud soust\u0159edila zejm\u00e9na na etiopsk\u00e9 afroalpinsk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my nad hranic\u00ed lesa, zat\u00edmco lesn\u00ed spole\u010denstva na jihu a jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b zem\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vala opom\u00edjena, p\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o posledn\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 lesy v Etiopii.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd druh rozd\u011blen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkopem<\/h6>\n
\"\"
B\u011bhem ter\u00e9nn\u00edch expedic v\u011bdci \u010dasto p\u0159esp\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve stanech. V pozad\u00ed se ty\u010d\u00ed Harennsk\u00fd les. FOTO: Radim \u0160umbera<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR a jejich kolegov\u00e9 z Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch a Severtsovova \u00fastavu Rusk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd v Moskv\u011b vyrazili do etiopsk\u00fdch les\u016f prozkoumat faunu tam\u011bj\u0161\u00edch drobn\u00fdch savc\u016f. Zjistili, \u017ee my\u0161i odchycen\u00e9 ve vysoko polo\u017een\u00e9m Harennsk\u00e9m lese v poho\u0159\u00ed Bale tvo\u0159\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed linii, velmi odli\u0161nou od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch africk\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eU\u017e v ter\u00e9nu jsme m\u011bli podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee by se mohlo jednat o nov\u00fd druh. My\u0161i z Harennsk\u00e9ho lesa se toti\u017e od ostatn\u00edch etiopsk\u00fdch druh\u016f n\u00e1padn\u011b li\u0161ily i zbarven\u00edm a velk\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry. Genetick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy pak na\u0161e podez\u0159en\u00ed potvrdily,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jarmila Kr\u00e1sov\u00e1, doktorandka Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity a \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR a prvn\u00ed autorka studie, kterou publikoval \u010dasopis Organisms Diversity & Evolution. \u201eP\u016fvodn\u011b jsme se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o my\u0161, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje pouze v Harennsk\u00e9m lese. O to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bylo na\u0161e p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, kdy\u017e se n\u00e1m v roce 2017 poda\u0159ilo odchytit stejn\u00fd druh i ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 km vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m lese jm\u00e9nem Chingawa v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Etiopii. Tato skute\u010dnost odkazuje na historick\u00e9 propojen\u00ed t\u011bchto dvou lesn\u00edch celk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou od sebe v sou\u010dasnosti odd\u011bleny savanami Velk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edkopov\u00e9 propadliny, a tud\u00ed\u017e jsou pro horsk\u00e9 hlodavce neprostupn\u00e9<\/em>,\u201c vysv\u011btluje vedouc\u00ed t\u00fdmu Josef Bryja z \u00dastavu biologie obratlovc\u016f AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed v ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/h6>\n
\"\"
Lokality, kde byla odchycena nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 harennsk\u00e1 my\u0161 (\u010derven\u011b)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee les\u016fm na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Etiopie se, navzdory jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed unik\u00e1tnosti, nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho druhu form\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrany.<\/p>\n

\u201eTato pr\u00e1ce, stejn\u011b jako i na\u0161e p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 studie, ukazuje, \u017ee v etiopsk\u00fdch les\u00edch se vyskytuje \u0159ada zcela unik\u00e1tn\u00edch druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nevyskytuj\u00ed nikde jinde na sv\u011bt\u011b. V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce jsme zde nap\u0159\u00edklad popsali nov\u00fd rod my\u0161ovit\u00fdch hlodavc\u016f, kter\u00fd \u017eije pouze v lese Chingawa, a proto jsme ho nazvali Chingawaemys, nicm\u00e9n\u011b tato my\u0161 je velmi odli\u0161n\u00e1 od nov\u011b pospan\u00e9ho druhu my\u0161i harennsk\u00e9,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Josef Bryja.<\/p>\n

\u201eZa posledn\u00edch 25 let se v Etiopii zdvojn\u00e1sobila velikost lidsk\u00e9 populace a jej\u00ed exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u016fst nad\u00e1le pokra\u010duje. To s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velk\u00fd tlak na p\u0159irozen\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, co\u017e plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch, jakou Etiopie bezesporu je. Ochranu naprosto unik\u00e1tn\u00ed etiopsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody bohu\u017eel komplikuje ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a ozbrojen\u00e9 konflikty, kter\u00e9 moment\u00e1ln\u011b znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum etiopsk\u00fdch les\u016f,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Jarmila Kr\u00e1sov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Les Chingawa FOTO: Jarmila Kr\u00e1sov\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Ter\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se \u010dasto neobejde bez pomoci m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel. Na fotce je prvn\u00ed autorka studie Jarmila Kr\u00e1sov\u00e1 b\u011bhem expedice v Etiopii v roce 2017. FOTO: Mat\u011bj L\u00f6vy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Les Chingawa je m\u00edsty natolik hust\u00fd, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 si cestu prosek\u00e1vat ma\u010detou. FOTO: Mat\u011bj L\u00f6vy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":245841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/29\/nov\u00fd-druh-savce-11.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245839"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245839"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245839\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":245847,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245839\/revisions\/245847"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/245841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}