{"id":245452,"date":"2022-01-24T22:22:49","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T21:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=245452"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:33:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:33:23","slug":"historie-staroveka-mosaz-z-ceskeho-uzemi-odhaluje-intenzivni-vztahy-mezi-rimskou-risi-a-germany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=245452","title":{"rendered":"HISTORIE: Starov\u011bk\u00e1 mosaz z \u010desk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed odhaluje intenzivn\u00ed vztahy mezi \u0158\u00edmskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a Germ\u00e1ny"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0159\u00edprava vzork\u016f pro anal\u00fdzy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Mosaz \u2013 slitina m\u011bdi a zinku \u2013 byla ve starov\u011bku cen\u011bn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli vzhledu podobn\u00e9mu zlatu. Velmi rychle se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i do zaalpsk\u00e9 Evropy, dosud v\u0161ak nebylo jasn\u00e9 odkud.<\/h6>\n

\"\"V\u011bdci v \u010dele s badateli z pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR a \u010cesk\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby b\u011bhem nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu zjistili, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina mosazn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z \u00fazem\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch \u010cech poch\u00e1z\u00ed z rudn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. V\u00fdsledky tak zviditel\u0148uj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed kontakt mezi \u00fazem\u00edm \u0158\u00edman\u016f a germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi etniky \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi tehdy na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sta\u010dily des\u00edtky let a zlatu podobn\u00e1 mosaz se stala kl\u00ed\u010dovou surovinou ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b doby \u017eelezn\u00e9. Nad mno\u017estv\u00edm artefakt\u016f z mosazi se dlouho vzn\u00e1\u0161el otazn\u00edk ohledn\u011b skute\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu materi\u00e1lu. Jeho produkce je pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a kv\u016fli slo\u017eitosti v\u00fdrobn\u00edho postupu b\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ipisov\u00e1na umu antick\u00fdch d\u00edlen; antick\u00e1 mosaz m\u00e1 dokonce sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed: aurichalcum.<\/p>\n

Odkud se vzala mosaz na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edch \u010cech<\/h6>\n
\"\"
P\u0159ekryv pom\u011br\u016f izotop\u016f olova mosazn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z \u010cech (\u010dernob\u00edle) s lo\u017eisky rud z francouzsk\u00e9ho st\u0159edoho\u0159\u00ed Massif Central<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u010cechy jsou pro v\u00fdzkum p\u016fvodu mosazi ide\u00e1ln\u00ed: na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed se na\u0161lo mnoho mosazn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed na nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech, dokonce ji\u017e na lat\u00e9nsk\u00fdch oppidech Stradonice a Z\u00e1vist a na cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b lokalit spojovan\u00fdch s pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi uskupen\u00edmi. Nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011btem z mosazi jsou spony vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitou, kter\u00e1 odkazovala na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd p\u016fvod.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1padn\u00e1 bohatost a r\u016fznorodost p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f nalezen\u00fdch na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed se d\u0159\u00edve spojovala s tzv. Marobudovou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e1 udr\u017eovala p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 vztahy s \u0158\u00edmany i pot\u00e9, co jim Germ\u00e1ni zp\u016fsobili drtivou por\u00e1\u017eku v Teutobursk\u00e9m lese,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Daniel Burs\u00e1k z pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

V letech 2019\u20132021 proto t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z n\u011bkolika instituc\u00ed pod veden\u00edm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f z pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR a \u010cesk\u00e9 geologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby poprv\u00e9 provedl pokro\u010dilou statistickou anal\u00fdzu mosazn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f ze z\u00e1v\u011bru mlad\u0161\u00ed doby \u017eelezn\u00e9 a\u017e star\u0161\u00ed doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 z \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1. st. p\u0159. n. l. \u2013 2. st. n. l.). Anal\u00fdza byla zalo\u017eena na chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed a systematice izotop\u016f olova, kter\u00e9 je v takov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edtomno.<\/p>\n

\u201eTouto metodou je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat typick\u00e9 opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se vzorce ve slo\u017een\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b srovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi lo\u017eisky zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi z geologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f hornin. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se n\u00e1m u skupiny zkouman\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f poda\u0159\u00ed prok\u00e1zat vazbu na rudn\u00e1 lo\u017eiska, zaj\u00edm\u00e1 n\u00e1s, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry mohly b\u00fdt tyto zdroje v dan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, zda vid\u00edme i n\u011bjak\u00e9 n\u00e1znaky recyklace \u010di kombinov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f atd.,\u201c<\/em> dopl\u0148uje Daniel Burs\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci podrobili anal\u00fdze celkem 50 r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v\u010detn\u011b spon, prsten\u016f, jehel \u010di sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed opask\u016f. V\u00fdsledky, publikovan\u00e9 v presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopise Nature Scientific Reports, dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed u v\u011bt\u0161iny mosazn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f z \u00fazem\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch \u010cech vazbu na lo\u017eiska rud v z\u00e1padn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed nebo v oblasti Francouzsk\u00e9ho st\u0159edoho\u0159\u00ed. Tyto nov\u00e9 poznatky dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed kontakt mezi \u0158\u00edmskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed a germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi etniky na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u010c\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce se n\u00e1m potvrzuje, \u017ee mosaz byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena v tehdej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti pom\u011brn\u011b plo\u0161n\u011b, bez p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dateln\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed u obyvatel, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli s \u0158\u00edmany intenzivn\u00ed styk,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Daniel Burs\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d zkoumat mosaz<\/h6>\n

Mosaz se v 1. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem stala ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro ra\u017ebu minc\u00ed, \u0161perk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch artefakt\u016f a z\u00e1hy pronikla i do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e byl jej\u00ed transport motivov\u00e1n obchodem, diplomatick\u00fdmi kontakty nebo jin\u00fdmi mechanismy.<\/p>\n

Zjistit p\u016fvod mosazi nen\u00ed jen rozmar badatel\u016f, naopak. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, odkud poch\u00e1zej\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty a materi\u00e1ly, poskytuje cenn\u00e9 informace o tehdej\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b-ekonomick\u00e9 situaci a o vztaz\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed historick\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 studie v\u00fdznamem p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed hranice st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy. V \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nap\u0159\u00edklad potvrzuj\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam bohat\u00fdch nerostn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f v Galii, kter\u00e9 \u0158\u00edmani z\u00edskali d\u00edky Caesarov\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm ta\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu prvn\u00edmu stadiu v\u00fdzkumu nyn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed etapu, budou p\u00e1trat po p\u016fvodu mosazi, kterou \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 v masov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku vyu\u017e\u00edvali k v\u00fdrob\u011b minc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Mosazn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty z \u010cR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Mosaz <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":245455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/24\/P\u0159\u00edprava-vzork\u016f-pro-anal\u00fdzy.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245452"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245452"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":245456,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245452\/revisions\/245456"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/245455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}