{"id":245344,"date":"2022-01-21T21:52:53","date_gmt":"2022-01-21T20:52:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=245344"},"modified":"2022-05-28T19:33:36","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T18:33:36","slug":"veda-a-vyzkum-prevratny-navrh-nabijeci-baterie-nehori-nevybuchuje-je-levna-a-ma-vysokou-kapacitu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=245344","title":{"rendered":"V\u011aDA A V\u00ddZKUM: P\u0159evratn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh nab\u00edjec\u00ed baterie: m\u00e1 vysokou kapacitu, je levn\u00e1, nevybuchuje a neho\u0159\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cervenka s vyn\u00e1lezem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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V\u011bdci Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR patentovali vyn\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd by mohl vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi bateriemi. Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 baterie, kterou zkonstruovali ve Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fastavu a \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie Jaroslava Heyrovsk\u00e9ho Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR, funguje na principu elektrochemick\u00e9 reakce. Vydr\u017e\u00ed 500 cykl\u016f vybit\u00ed a op\u011btovn\u00e9ho nabit\u00ed. Jej\u00ed kapacita je srovnateln\u00e1 s komer\u010dn\u00edmi nikl-metal hydridov\u00fdmi bateriemi. P\u0159itom je vyrobena z extr\u00e9mn\u011b levn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny vyroben\u00e9 v sol\u00e1rn\u00edch nebo v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch je velkou v\u00fdzvou. I kdy\u017e na trhu existuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada inovativn\u00edch typ\u016f bateri\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich se nehod\u00ed pro vysokokapacitn\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed elekt\u0159iny, a to zejm\u00e9na z d\u016fvodu vysok\u00e9 ceny.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 technologie je zalo\u017eena na principu vodn\u00e9 baterie: vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 slanou vodu, zinek a grafit. Vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed baterii dod\u00e1v\u00e1 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed chaotropn\u00ed s\u016fl, jej\u00ed\u017e vliv na vlastnosti vodn\u00fdch roztok\u016f studoval p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 130 lety pra\u017esk\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd chemik Franz Hofmeister. T\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f veden\u00fd Ji\u0159\u00edm \u010cervenkou se jeho poznatky inspiroval a vyvinul baterii, kter\u00e1 se m\u016f\u017ee uplatnit nap\u0159\u00edklad ve stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch bateriov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n

\u201eVodn\u00e9 baterie byly p\u0159edstaveny ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, ale jejich rozmachu br\u00e1nila relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 kapacita a nap\u011bt\u00ed. Na\u0161emu t\u00fdmu se poda\u0159ilo tento probl\u00e9m vy\u0159e\u0161it t\u00edm, \u017ee jsme do roztoku vody p\u0159idali velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed chaotropn\u00ed soli chloristanu zine\u010dnat\u00e9ho,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cervenka z Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fastavu AV \u010cR. \u201eDosa\u017een\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je srovnateln\u00e9 s nap\u011bt\u00edm, kter\u00e9ho dosahuj\u00ed organick\u00e9 elektrolyty v komer\u010dn\u00edch lithiov\u00fdch bateri\u00edch. Nespornou v\u00fdhodou na\u0161eho elektrolytu je vysok\u00e1 vodivost, kter\u00e1 na rozd\u00edl od organick\u00fdch elektrolyt\u016f v\u00fdznamn\u011b nekles\u00e1 ani za n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00fdbuch i vzn\u00edcen\u00ed mimo hru<\/h6>\n

Baterie z\u00e1rove\u0148 neho\u0159\u00ed a nem\u016f\u017ee vybuchnout, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 neho\u0159lav\u00fd elektrolyt. V tom je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl oproti Li-ion bateri\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na trhu. \u201eLi-ion baterie maj\u00ed velmi ho\u0159lav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 elektrolyty, a nav\u00edc obsahuj\u00ed lithium, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee na vzduchu samovzn\u00edtit. To u na\u0161\u00ed baterie nehroz\u00ed,<\/em>\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cervenka.<\/p>\n

Inovativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to technologie si v\u011bdci patentovali v r\u00e1mci lucembursk\u00e9ho a evropsk\u00e9ho patentu. V\u00fdsledky sv\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f tak\u00e9 publikovali v presti\u017en\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisech, naposledy v tomto t\u00fddnu v Journal of Materials Chemistry A. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci nyn\u00ed hledaj\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 partnery se z\u00e1jmem o dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj produktu.<\/p>\n

\u201eTento syst\u00e9m je nesm\u00edrn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd nejen pro budouc\u00ed aplikace, ale i z hlediska z\u00e1kladn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Jak jsme uk\u00e1zali, velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou roli zde hraje nap\u0159\u00edklad vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktura materi\u00e1lu elektrod, kde p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 dokonalost nevede k nejlep\u0161\u00edm vlastnostem v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech, co\u017e i m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou pro aplikace,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o vyn\u00e1lezu Otakar Frank z \u00dastavu fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie Jaroslava Heyrovsk\u00e9ho AV \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Princip baterie je zalo\u017een na transportu dvou rozd\u00edln\u00fdch iont\u016f, dvojmocn\u00e9m zinku a jednomocn\u00e9m chloristanu. Dvojmocn\u00fd zinek m\u00e1 v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jednomocn\u00fdm lithiem v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i nab\u00edjec\u00edm a vyb\u00edjec\u00edm procesu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et dva elektrony na atom, a d\u00edky tomu m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt teoreticky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kapacitu ne\u017e lithium p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m objemu.<\/p>\n

Kapacitu lze je\u0161t\u011b nav\u00fd\u0161it<\/h6>\n

Dosavadn\u00ed testy prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed vodn\u00e1 baterie dosahuje kapacitu okolo 45 mAh\/g a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed 2 V a vydr\u017e\u00ed 500 cykl\u016f vybit\u00ed a op\u011btovn\u00e9ho nabit\u00ed, ani\u017e by jej\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost citeln\u011b klesla. V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 kapacita experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed baterie je tedy srovnateln\u00e1 s komer\u010dn\u00edmi nikl-metal hydridov\u00fdmi bateriemi.<\/p>\n

\u201eDomn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee po d\u016fkladn\u00e9 optimalizaci t\u00e9to baterie je je\u0161t\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b nav\u00fd\u0161it jej\u00ed kapacitu,\u201c<\/em> podtrhuje Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cervenka. \u201eNyn\u00ed se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na vysokokapacitn\u00ed baterie s ionty, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt v principu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kapacitu ne\u017e lithiov\u00e9 baterie. V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsme na podobn\u00e9m principu sestavili hlin\u00edkovou vodnou baterii, kter\u00e1 se jev\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako velmi slibn\u00e1,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed fyzik.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: (tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cervenka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  V\u011bdci <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":245345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,174],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/21\/Obr-baterie-01.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245344"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=245344"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":245352,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245344\/revisions\/245352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/245345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=245344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=245344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=245344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}