{"id":244717,"date":"2022-01-13T15:09:48","date_gmt":"2022-01-13T14:09:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=244717"},"modified":"2022-01-13T15:09:48","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T14:09:48","slug":"akademie-ved-cr-olomoucti-vedci-pomahaji-s-vyzkumem-rostlin-kterym-nevadi-extremni-sucho-ani-slana-puda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=244717","title":{"rendered":"AKADEMIE V\u011aD \u010cR: Olomou\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s v\u00fdzkumem rostlin, kter\u00fdm nevad\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed sucho ani slan\u00e1 p\u016fda"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Domestikace n\u011bkter\u00fdch divoce rostouc\u00edch rostlin, \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odr\u016fd palmy datlov\u00e9 nebo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee, kterou by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zavla\u017eovat slanou vodou. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed rostlinn\u00ed genetici z \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed botaniky AV \u010cR spolupracuj\u00ed s v\u011bdci ze Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie na v\u00fdzkumu, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je adaptovat plodiny na nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky vyvolan\u00e9 zm\u011bnou klimatu.<\/h6>\n

\"\"P\u011bstovat rostliny, kter\u00e9 by poskytovaly \u00farodu i v oblastech trp\u00edc\u00edch extr\u00e9mn\u00edm suchem a na p\u016fd\u011b zasolen\u00e9 mo\u0159skou vodou, je pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z olomouck\u00e9ho pracovi\u0161t\u011b \u00daEB AV \u010cR u\u017e n\u011bkolik let spolupracuj\u00ed s experty z Technick\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 univerzity kr\u00e1le Abdall\u00e1ha v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii (KAUST). Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s v\u00fdzkumem r\u016fzn\u00fdch rostlin, nap\u0159\u00edklad se studiem d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace datlovn\u00edku prav\u00e9ho. Tato palma pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm p\u011bstovan\u00fdm rostlin\u00e1m a hojn\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nejenom v potravin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, ale i v kosmetick\u00e9m a chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem d\u0159eva nebo krmiva. C\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumu je vy\u0161lechtit nov\u00e9, v\u00fdnosn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odr\u016fdy datlovn\u00edku.<\/p>\n

\u201eExtr\u00e9mn\u00ed klima Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie je pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Rostliny se mus\u00ed pot\u00fdkat s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami a suchem v d\u016fsledku minim\u00e1ln\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek. Proto je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vy\u0161lechtit plodiny, kter\u00e9 si s takto slo\u017eit\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami porad\u00ed a kter\u00e9 by se mohly st\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00edmi zdroji potravin,\u201c<\/em> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 rostlinn\u00fd genetik Jaroslav Dole\u017eel z \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed botaniky AV \u010cR. \u201eSeznamujeme na\u0161e kolegy s metodami, kter\u00e9 jsme vyvinuli a ve kter\u00fdch pat\u0159\u00edme k nejlep\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Mimo jin\u00e9 jsme na\u0161e postupy a techniky demonstrovali na ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m workshopu p\u0159\u00edmo na jejich univerzit\u011b a z\u00e1jem byl opravdu velk\u00fd.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed plan\u00fdch odr\u016fd<\/h6>\n

Badatel\u00e9 tak\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed cesty, jak vyu\u017e\u00edt plan\u00e9 rostliny adaptovan\u00e9 na podm\u00ednky such\u00fdch pou\u0161tn\u00edch oblast\u00ed. \u201eChceme domestikovat a vylep\u0161it vlastnosti nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 rostliny rosi\u010dky \u00fatl\u00e9 (Digitaria exilis). Poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky a poskytuje mal\u00e1 zrn\u00ed\u010dka, ze kter\u00fdch se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 mouka a p\u0159ipravuje ka\u0161e. Olomou\u010dt\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 s n\u00e1mi spolupracovali ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve na \u010dten\u00ed jej\u00edho genomu,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje bioinformatik Michael Abrouk ze skupiny genetiky a genomiky obilnin KAUST a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eD\u00edky zku\u0161enostem \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f a jejich unik\u00e1tn\u00edm metod\u00e1m se n\u00e1m v roce 2020 poda\u0159ilo cel\u00fd genom p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst a na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky zve\u0159ejnil presti\u017en\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd \u010dasopis Nature Communications,\u201c<\/em> pochvaluje si spolupr\u00e1ci Michael Abrouk.<\/p>\n

R\u00fd\u017ee, kter\u00e9 nevad\u00ed slan\u00e1 voda<\/h6>\n

Olomou\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci spolupracuj\u00ed s presti\u017en\u00ed sa\u00fadskoarabskou univerzitou i na dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projektech. Velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii je, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st p\u016fdy je zasolen\u00e1 n\u00e1sledkem um\u011bl\u00e9ho zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a pro zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch ploch chyb\u011bj\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a zdroje sladk\u00e9 vody. Proto odborn\u00edci v\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost tzv. halofyt\u016fm, rostlin\u00e1m, jim\u017e zasolen\u00e1 p\u016fda a slan\u00e1 voda nevad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Takovou je nap\u0159\u00edklad plan\u00e1 asijsk\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee (Oryza coarctata), kter\u00e1 roste v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie. Dal\u0161\u00ed zkoumanou rostlinou je sukulent slanoro\u017eec (Salicornia bigelovii), jeho\u017e domovem jsou soln\u00e9 mo\u010d\u00e1ly na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Mexika a kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed hned n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Mohl by nap\u0159\u00edklad slou\u017eit jako zdroj oleje a krmiva pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata a tak\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu biouhl\u00ed pro zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed CO2 z ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality p\u016fdy.<\/p>\n

P\u0161enice pro v\u0161echny?<\/h6>\n

V r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce pom\u00e1haj\u00ed olomou\u010dt\u00ed badatel\u00e9 v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii tak\u00e9 s izolac\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch gen\u016f p\u0161enice tvrd\u00e9, jejich\u017e znalost umo\u017en\u00ed vy\u0161lechtit odr\u016fdy p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m tohoto regionu. Pokud se podle Jaroslava Dole\u017eela poda\u0159\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace t\u011bchto rostlin usp\u011bt, bude to m\u00edt velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro cel\u00fd sv\u011bt: \u201eSt\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji je toti\u017e na po\u0159adu dne ot\u00e1zka, jak u\u017eivit rostouc\u00ed sv\u011btovou populaci v dob\u011b klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tady mohou m\u00edt nezastupiteln\u00e9 m\u00edsto rostliny s nov\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, p\u0159i jejich\u017e v\u00fdzkumu pom\u00e1h\u00e1me,\u201c<\/em> uvedl profesor Jaroslav Dole\u017eel z \u00daEB AV \u010cR, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 koordinuje v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd program Strategie AV21 Potraviny pro budoucnost. Olomou\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci pat\u0159\u00ed ve studiu d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace rostlin ke sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dce.<\/p>\n

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  • Olomouck\u00e9 Centrum strukturn\u00ed a funk\u010dn\u00ed genomiky rostlin \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed botaniky AV \u010cR se zam\u011b\u0159uje na studium struktury a funkce d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace rostlin, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm obilovin, ban\u00e1novn\u00edku a trav. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody cytogenetiky, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie a genomiky a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch projekt\u016f c\u00edlen\u00fdch na \u010dten\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 informace v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch plodin a na izolaci d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch gen\u016f. Jde o celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 vyvinulo unik\u00e1tn\u00ed metody a postupy a sv\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch odr\u016fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin s po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi vlastnostmi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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    Text a foto: (tzav\u010dr)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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      Domestikace <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":244719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[119],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/13\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-av.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244717"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=244717"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":244720,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/244717\/revisions\/244720"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/244719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=244717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=244717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=244717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}