{"id":244003,"date":"2024-01-04T23:30:14","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T22:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=244003"},"modified":"2024-01-04T23:30:14","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T22:30:14","slug":"stara-sumava-trikralove-tradice-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=244003","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: T\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 tradice"},"content":{"rendered":"

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My t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 jdeme k v\u00e1m, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed vin\u0161ujem v\u00e1m.<\/em>
\n\u0160t\u011bst\u00ed, zdrav\u00ed, dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta, my jsme k v\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161li z daleka.<\/em>
\nZ daleka je cesta na\u0161e, do Betl\u00e9ma mysl na\u0161e.<\/em>
\nN\u00e1m t\u0159em se hv\u011bzda zjevila, kter\u00e1 jak \u017eiva nebyla.<\/em>
\nJak jsme tu hv\u011bzdu vid\u011bli, hned jsme si kon\u011b osedlali.<\/em>
\nCo ty, \u010dernej, stoj\u00ed\u0161 vzadu, vystrkuje\u0161 na n\u00e1s bradu?<\/em>
\nHrd\u011b se k tomu hned p\u0159izn\u00e1m, \u017ee j\u00e1 jsem mou\u0159en\u00ednsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l.<\/em>
\nA j\u00e1 \u010dernej vystupuju a Nov\u00fd rok v\u00e1m vin\u0161uju.<\/em>
\nA my taky vystupujem a Nov\u00fd rok v\u00e1m vin\u0161ujem!<\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f (Epifanie) v k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed ozna\u010duje ud\u00e1lost, kdy T\u0159i m\u00e1gov\u00e9 spolu s past\u00fd\u0159i uct\u00edvali narozen\u00e9ho Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, nebo tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b. Konec V\u00e1noc se v\u017edy nesl v duchu setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi lidmi ze vsi, a to p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti bohoslu\u017eeb v kostelech. P\u0159i nich se sv\u011btilo kadidlo, myrha, voda, zlat\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty a k\u0159\u00edda. S jejich pomoc\u00ed se pak \u017eehnalo lidsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbytk\u016fm. P\u0159ipom\u00ednka legendy o mudrc\u00edch z V\u00fdchodu, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159i\u0161li do Betl\u00e9ma poklonit novorozen\u00e9mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi, ukon\u010duje v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky. Po\u010det mudrc\u016f kol\u00edsal v r\u016fzn\u00fdch legend\u00e1ch od dvou po dvan\u00e1ct. Po\u010det t\u0159i se poprv\u00e9 objevuje u ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho spisovatele a teologa Origena, kter\u00fd ostatn\u011b proslul svou v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed pro \u010d\u00edselnou symboliku.<\/h6>\n

Ozna\u010den\u00ed kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 se pak objevuje a\u017e v 6. stolet\u00ed. Jm\u00e9na Ka\u0161par, Melichar a Baltazar jsou s nimi spojov\u00e1na a\u017e v lidov\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch ze 7. stolet\u00ed. Prvn\u00edm, u koho se tato jm\u00e9na prokazateln\u011b objevuj\u00ed, je Petr Comestor, kancl\u00e9\u0159 pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 Sorbonny ve 12. stolet\u00ed. Symbolika t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji vysv\u011btlov\u00e1na jako zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1di\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, proto byli tak\u00e9 \u010dasto kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1ni jako mlad\u00edk, zral\u00fd mu\u017e a sta\u0159ec. Proto se i tento den nej\u010dast\u011bji odstrojuje v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed stromek.<\/p>\n

T\u0159i kr\u00e1le neboli Zjeven\u00ed P\u00e1n\u011b slav\u00edme 6. ledna a po sv\u00e1tku T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f nast\u00e1v\u00e1 pro k\u0159es\u0165any obdob\u00ed klidu, kter\u00e9 trv\u00e1 do Masopustu, po n\u011bm\u017e a\u017e do Velikonoc nast\u00e1v\u00e1 40denn\u00ed p\u016fst. Mnoz\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee p\u00edsmena K, M a B ozna\u010duj\u00ed jm\u00e9na jednotliv\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f. T\u0159i m\u00e1gov\u00e9 v\u0161ak dostali jm\u00e9no a\u017e na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 legendy. Ve skute\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 o zkratku latinsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1pisu Christus mansionem benedicat, tedy a\u0165 Kristus po\u017eehn\u00e1 tomuto domu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b latinsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1pisu lid\u00e9 tolik nerozum\u011bli, a proto\u017ee se to dob\u0159e hodilo na jm\u00e9na t\u011bch kr\u00e1l\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli posl\u00e9ze takto vyjmenov\u00e1ni \u2013 tedy Ka\u0161par, Melichar a Baltazar \u2013 tak\u017ee se po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsmena psali sv\u011bcenou k\u0159\u00eddou.<\/p>\n

Na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le, se v kostelech sv\u011bt\u00ed voda, s\u016fl, k\u0159\u00edda, tak\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty \u2013 t\u0159eba zlat\u00fd p\u0159\u00edv\u011b\u0161ek si m\u016f\u017eete nechat posv\u011btit, aby v\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed. Prameny 17. stolet\u00ed zase dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed obch\u016fzky \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f a d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201echod\u011bn\u00ed\u201c zedn\u00edk\u016f a kamen\u00edk\u016f s hv\u011bzdou. Ty\u010d se zlatou hv\u011bzdou nosili i t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 na Chodsku, Karlovarsku nebo na Velkomezi\u0159\u00ed\u010dsku. Zpr\u00e1vy o hv\u011bzd\u011b, kter\u00e1 se dnes objevuje v rukou t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00fdch koledn\u00edk\u016f, jsou zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, by\u0165 ne\u010detn\u00e9. V Sepekov\u011b u Milevska m\u011bli sklen\u011bnou hv\u011bzdu jako sv\u00edtilnu a v n\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Podobn\u011b ve Zl\u00edn\u011b se p\u0159ed polovinou 19. stolet\u00ed objevovali s osmirohou hv\u011bzdou z barevn\u00e9ho skla, v n\u00ed\u017e ho\u0159ela sv\u00ed\u010dka. V Ka\u0161persk\u00fdch Hor\u00e1ch nosil jeden z kr\u00e1l\u016f ty\u010d, na jej\u00edm\u017e vrcholu byla hv\u011bzda a pan\u00e1\u010dek s rolni\u010dkami. Figurka se pomoc\u00ed kliky ot\u00e1\u010dela a rolni\u010dky a n\u00ed p\u0159i pohybu zvonily.<\/p>\n

Za koledov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b za sc\u00e9nku, dost\u00e1vali kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u00fdslu\u017eku. Na tu m\u011bli u sebe velk\u00fd ko\u0161. Na ko\u0159alku, kterou b\u00fdvali tak\u00e9 uct\u011bni, nem\u011bli nic, a tak se st\u00e1valo, \u017ee svou slu\u017ebou koledn\u00ed b\u00fdvali kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u011b vy\u010derp\u00e1ni je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e obe\u0161li v\u0161echna staven\u00ed. Ke koledn\u00edm obch\u016fzk\u00e1m n\u011bkdy pat\u0159ily i jednoduch\u00e9 nebo rozvit\u00e9 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed hry, je\u017e zachycovaly p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh t\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f i jejich n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu u kr\u00e1le Herodesa. Tento d\u011bj je obsa\u017een i v rozvinut\u00e9 verzi v\u0161eobecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b \u201eMy t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 jdeme k v\u00e1m\u201c, kterou koledn\u00edci zp\u00edvali n\u011bkdy sborem, n\u011bkdy ale jako \u201edialog\u201c, v n\u011bm\u017e vystupuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 postavy p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech, byly t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 pr\u016fvody je\u0161t\u011b po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a krom\u011b Ka\u0161para, Melichara a Baltazara zahrnovaly i Svatou rodinu s voskov\u00fdm Jezul\u00e1tkem v kol\u00e9bce a postavy biskupa a \u010derta. V domech, kter\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvili, pak koledn\u00edci sehr\u00e1vali krati\u010dkou sc\u00e9nku: t\u0159i kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 zp\u00edvali, svat\u00fd Josef s Mari\u00ed kol\u00e9bali d\u011b\u0165\u00e1tko a biskup vyh\u00e1n\u011bl \u010derta, jen\u017e se pokou\u0161el un\u00e9st d\u011b\u0165\u00e1tko z kol\u00e9bky. Klukovsk\u00e1 koleda nebyla v\u017edy jenom z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed, ale ve st\u0159edov\u011bku chodili po domech \u017eehnat tomu domu kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed s ministranty a m\u011blo to v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd a velice d\u016fstojn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh. Kdy\u017e chodil jenom kantor, tak podle toho, jakou v\u00fdslu\u017eku p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, tak tak\u00e9 podle toho vypadalo jeho koledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tam, kde si mysleli, \u017ee toho moc nedostane, rychle odbreptal p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00edsmena v podstat\u011b jen nedbale na\u010drtl, aby mu vybyl \u010das tam, kde se toho dalo o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00edce. To pak p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed poctiv\u011b od\u0159\u00edkal, pe\u010dliv\u011b napsal p\u00edsmena a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159ipojil k n\u00e1pisu i n\u011bjakou kresbi\u010dku. T\u0159eba v\u011btvi\u010dku jako vzpom\u00ednku na V\u00e1noce \u010di k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky. C\u00edrkev sv\u011btila k\u0159\u00eddu v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm a vych\u00e1zela tak vst\u0159\u00edc starod\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e. Den p\u0159ed \u201eZjeven\u00edm P\u00e1n\u011b\u201c (sv\u00e1tek T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f) se v chr\u00e1mech sv\u011btila \u201evoda t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e1\u201c, k\u0159\u00edda a s\u016fl na pam\u00e1tku sv. T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159inesli narozen\u00e9mu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi zlato, kadidlo a myrhu. Ve\u010der b\u00fdval naz\u00fdv\u00e1n \u201esvatve\u010der sv\u00ed\u010dek\u201c nebo tak\u00e9 \u201eden sv\u011btel\u201c. Bylo zvykem v tuto dobu v\u011b\u0161tit a zjistit, co se chyst\u00e1 v budoucnosti. Nastalo pou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010di\u010dek v o\u0159echov\u00fdch sko\u0159\u00e1pk\u00e1ch v n\u011bjak\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u011b, jako podobn\u011b o V\u00e1noc\u00edch a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z toho, jak dlouho kter\u00e1 ho\u0159\u00ed, jak daleko se od okraje dostane do st\u0159edu p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho osudu.<\/p>\n

Byl to zvyk zna\u010dn\u011b ji\u017e roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd kazatel a mravok\u00e1rce v 15. stolet\u00ed horlil proti kouzl\u016fm a \u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed a varoval sv\u00e9 ove\u010dky p\u0159ed pov\u011brami. \u0158\u00edkal, aby se vyvarovali kouzel, r\u016fzn\u00fdch magick\u00fdch \u010dar, nepou\u0161t\u011bli sv\u00ed\u010dky a neprov\u00e1d\u011bli jin\u00e9 pov\u011bry. Takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed pohan\u016fm, ale ne v\u011brn\u00fdm k\u0159es\u0165an\u016fm. Lid\u00e9 si velice v\u00e1\u017eili sv\u011bcen\u00e9 vody. Kdy\u017e tou vodou kropili, \u010dasto od\u0159\u00edk\u00e1vali: \u201eM\u017eitka za mnou, m\u017eitka p\u0159ede mnou, P\u00e1n B\u016fh s\u00e1m nade mnou\u201c. Sv\u011bcenou vodou se kropilo v\u0161echno. Kropili se sami p\u0159ed span\u00edm, nebo kdy\u017e odch\u00e1zeli z domu. V p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f i na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le vykropili sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edbytek, aby se tam nedr\u017eely my\u0161i a neho\u0159elo v n\u011bm, kropili zahradu, pole a obil\u00ed p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k set\u00ed. I p\u0159i lidov\u00e9m l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvala, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee zl\u00fd duch p\u0159ed sv\u011bcenou vodou prch\u00e1. Tvrd\u00ed se o n\u00ed, \u017ee trv\u00e1 sedm let, ne\u017e se zkaz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00edm pokrmem b\u00fdval na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le stejn\u011b jako na Velikonoce mazanec, do kter\u00e9ho se vkl\u00e1dala mince. Ten, kdo ji na\u0161el, byl pak t\u00edm vyvolen\u00fdm, kter\u00fd kropil domy sv\u011bcenou vodou a psal zna\u010dky na dve\u0159e. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed zvyky pat\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e9lky \u017eivota. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen rodiny zap\u00e1l\u00ed stejn\u011b vysokou sv\u00edci a komu doho\u0159\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve, toho si nejd\u0159\u00edve odnese smrt v podob\u011b Morany. Pokud d\u00fdm stoupal vzh\u016fru a plamen byl jasn\u00fd, \u010dekalo doty\u010dn\u00e9ho nebe. Kdy\u017e sv\u00edce prskala, d\u00fdm \u0161el k zemi a plamen byl nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd, \u010dekalo jedince peklo. D\u0159\u00edve se tak\u00e9 na T\u0159i kr\u00e1le pekl mazanec, do kter\u00e9ho hospodyn\u011b zapekla pen\u00edz. Ten, kdo pen\u00edz na\u0161el, byl zvolen kr\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd mohl kropit d\u016fm a zahradu sv\u011bcenou vodou a ps\u00e1t p\u00edsmena s k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky nade dve\u0159e. K 6. lednu se tak\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017ee po\u0159ekadlo \u201eNa T\u0159i kr\u00e1le o krok d\u00e1le\u201c. Na\u0161i p\u0159edci si p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch jev\u016f v\u0161\u00edmali v\u00edce ne\u017e my a s vd\u011bkem v\u00edtali prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dne. Ten pomysln\u00fd krok znamenal zase o n\u011bco v\u00edce sv\u011btla, krat\u0161\u00ed ve\u010dery a prvn\u00ed krok k sice st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b dalek\u00e9mu, ale za to vytou\u017een\u00e9mu jaru.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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