{"id":243927,"date":"2025-01-04T21:04:38","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T20:04:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=243927"},"modified":"2025-01-04T21:04:38","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T20:04:38","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-lednove-rozjimani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=243927","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Lednov\u00e9 rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Leden<\/strong>
\nO k\u0159ehk\u00e9 holi, kut\u00e9 z ledu,<\/em>
\njde leden, p\u0159\u00edtel neposed\u016f;<\/em>
\nti, u\u0161i skryt\u00e9 do beranic,<\/em>
\nse sm\u00edchem b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v\u011btrem v\u00e1nic.<\/em>
\nTo nen\u00ed h\u016fl a rampouch ani,<\/em>
\njej\u017e najde\u0161 v oknech po sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/em>
\nto starod\u00e1vn\u00e1 p\u00ed\u0161\u0165ala je<\/em>
\na ze v\u0161ech nejsmutn\u011bji hraje,<\/em>
\nkdy\u017e do hork\u00fdch ji vezme\u0161 dlan\u00ed.<\/em>
\nO smutku zp\u00edv\u00e1 v b\u00edl\u00e9 kr\u00e1se<\/em>
\na ihned v slz\u00e1ch rozpl\u00fdv\u00e1 se.<\/em> (Jaroslav Seifert)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nJe leden a venku by m\u011bla vl\u00e1dnout pan\u00ed Zima. Kouzeln\u00fdm proutkem vy\u010darovat sn\u00edh, p\u0159ikr\u00fdt vodn\u00ed hladiny ledem, stromy obl\u00e9knout do b\u00edl\u00e9ho a sv\u00e9ho pomocn\u00edka Mraz\u00edka nechat malovat na skla vesel\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky. Bohu\u017eel, opak je pravdou a zimn\u00ed krajinu u\u017e pomalu zn\u00e1me jen z ladovsk\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f.<\/h6>\n

Ladovsk\u00e1 zima je fenom\u00e9n, kter\u00fd ned\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010cech\u016fm ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b na podzim sp\u00e1t \u2013 u\u017e dob\u0159e deset let vyhl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme zimu, kter\u00e1 by se bl\u00ed\u017eila idylick\u00fdm obr\u00e1zk\u016fm inspirovan\u00fdm d\u011btstv\u00edm slavn\u00e9ho mal\u00ed\u0159e. Leden je obdob\u00edm nov\u00fdch za\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak pevn\u011b ve sv\u00fdch rukou dr\u017e\u00ed pan\u00ed zima. V\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aktivita je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e1 a\u017e pro jaro. Leden je nejen za\u010d\u00e1tkem nov\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edho roku, ale tak\u00e9, jak ji\u017e s\u00e1m jeho n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, m\u011bs\u00edcem ledu, a tedy i mrazu a sn\u011bhov\u00fdch pokr\u00fdvek, je\u017e hal\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodu i lidsk\u00e1 obydl\u00ed. Alespo\u0148 takto by to m\u011blo b\u00fdt. M\u011bs\u00edc leden b\u00fdval d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eov\u00e1n za m\u011bs\u00edc odpo\u010dinku, jeliko\u017e se nedalo pracovat v lese ani na poli.<\/p>\n

Slovo \u201eodpo\u010dinek\u201c bylo v\u0161ak zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00e1len\u00ed se na peci… Dokud to po\u010das\u00ed umo\u017enilo, opravovala se lidsk\u00e1 staven\u00ed, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbytky a stroje a n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed se chystaly na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed sez\u00f3nu. Pouze v dob\u00e1ch t\u0159eskut\u00fdch mraz\u016f se lid\u00e9 p\u0159esouvali dovnit\u0159 staven\u00ed. Byla to doba, kdy se \u010dlenov\u00e9 rodiny sesedli u rozeh\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdch kamen a za zvuku praskaj\u00edc\u00edch pol\u00ednek si vypr\u00e1v\u011bli poh\u00e1dky i tajemn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Tehdy se rodily dodnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 b\u00e1je a pov\u011bsti. I p\u0159es nelehkou dobu to b\u00fdval \u010das v\u0161emi milovan\u00fd. \u017deny jej vyu\u017e\u00edvaly na p\u0159eden\u00ed p\u0159\u00edz\u00ed, dran\u00ed pe\u0159\u00ed, tkan\u00ed kobere\u010dk\u016f, \u0161it\u00ed, vy\u0161\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, pali\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pleten\u00ed prout\u011bn\u00fdch ko\u0161\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Mu\u017ei se v\u011bnovali pr\u00e1ci se d\u0159evem nebo prout\u00edm a pod jejich rukama vznikaly va\u0159e\u010dky, m\u011bcha\u010dky, hr\u00e1b\u011b \u010di ko\u0161\u0165ata nebo t\u0159eba obl\u00edben\u00e9 pantofle, zvan\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u00e1ky. Ru\u010dn\u011b se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly i st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed \u0161indele. Prodej t\u011bchto v\u00fdrobk\u016f byl \u010dasto jedin\u00fdm zimn\u00edm zdrojem p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Kdybychom hledali ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed nejbohat\u0161\u00ed na lidov\u00e9 tradice, zvyky a oby\u010deje, zima by to vyhr\u00e1la na cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

V lednu se s pranostikami doslova roztrhl pytel. Ch\u00e1peme je\u0161t\u011b i po stalet\u00edch, jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed vlastn\u011b smysl a pro\u010d se o nich zmi\u0148ujeme i v dne\u0161n\u00ed, technicky vysp\u011bl\u00e9 dob\u011b? V\u011bt\u0161ina lednov\u00fdch pranostik se v\u00e1\u017ee k po\u010das\u00ed. Bylo a je evidentn\u00ed, \u017ee kdy\u017e m\u00e1 zem\u011b na ja\u0159e p\u0159ijmout zrno a do podzimu plodit, mus\u00ed na to b\u00fdt p\u0159ipravena. A to j\u00ed umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zimn\u00ed odpo\u010dinek. Pokud je tedy norm\u00e1ln\u00ed zima s bohat\u00fdm sn\u011bhem a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi mrazy, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee p\u016fda m\u00e1 \u010das si oddechnout, nabrat s\u00edly a b\u00fdt na ja\u0159e p\u0159ipravena na dal\u0161\u00ed set\u00ed. A to se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me z lednov\u00fdch pranostik. Stejn\u011b tak ale poukazuje na to, \u017ee v lednu b\u00fdvaly velmi siln\u00e9 mrazy.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed bylo naopak velmi ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, znamenalo to, \u017ee se p\u016fda probud\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b a pot\u00e9 bude zna\u010dn\u011b vys\u00edlen\u00e1 a \u00faroda nebude st\u00e1t za nic. Nav\u00edc zimn\u00ed mrazy, nejsou-li dostate\u010dn\u00e9 a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b dlouh\u00e9, nezlikviduj\u00ed valnou v\u011bt\u0161inu p\u0159ezimuj\u00edc\u00edch chorob a \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f a ti se na \u00farod\u011b a zdrav\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka podep\u00ed\u0161ou. Nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slo\u017ekou obyvatelstva u n\u00e1s po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed a tis\u00edcilet\u00ed byly zem\u011bd\u011blci. Proto ve velk\u00e9 skupin\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pranostik jsou nejv\u00edce zastoupeny pranostiky rolnick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 tehdy \u017eili v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm svazku s p\u0159\u00edrodou. Roln\u00edci tr\u00e1vili v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu venku a v\u0161\u00edmali si, co se kolem d\u011bje. Sv\u00e9 poznatky si pak p\u0159ed\u00e1vali z generace na generaci. P\u0159i\u0161li na to, \u017ee v\u00fdkyvy po\u010das\u00ed se rok co rok opakuj\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161echny pranostiky se\u0159ad\u00ed za sebou v chronologick\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed podle jednotliv\u00fdch dn\u016f v roce, vznikne pranostick\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159. V n\u011bm v\u0161echna obdob\u00ed teplotn\u011b pod norm\u00e1lem i nad norm\u00e1lem vyniknou. Lednov\u00fd pranostick\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 si v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 t\u011bchto obdob\u00ed: novoro\u010dn\u00ed zima, t\u0159\u00edkr\u00e1lov\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed, hyginsk\u00e1 zima, prissk\u00e9 oteplen\u00ed, fabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 zima a hromni\u010dn\u00ed oteplen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Novoro\u010dn\u00ed zima navazuje ve dnech na p\u0159elomu star\u00e9ho a nov\u00e9ho roku na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed oblevu. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pranostikami, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed tohoto obdob\u00ed, jsou: \u201eO v\u00e1noc\u00edch hej, po v\u00e1noc\u00edch ouvej. O Silvestru pape\u017ei, sn\u00ed\u017eek si ji\u017e pole\u017e\u00ed. Od konce roku den i zima roste\u2026\u201cNa T\u0159i kr\u00e1le se v\u011bt\u0161inou otepluje. Na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pod vliv tlakov\u00fdch n\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, po jejich\u017e okraji k n\u00e1m proud\u00ed teplej\u0161\u00ed vzduch z jihu. Nast\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed obleva. K tomuto obdob\u00ed lze uv\u00e9st celou \u0159adu pranostik: \u201eNa T\u0159i kr\u00e1le, m\u011bkko m\u00e1me. Bo\u017e\u00ed k\u0159t\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00edh a led ve vodu m\u011bn\u00ed. Na sv\u00ed\u010dky, kap\u00e1v\u00e1 ze st\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky\u2026\u201c Ta se vztahuje k 11. lednu, kdy m\u00e1 sv\u00e1tek svat\u00fd Hygin. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pranostika tohoto obdob\u00ed zn\u00ed: \u201eNa svat\u00e9ho Hygina, prav\u00e1 zima za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

Kolem 18. ledna b\u00fdv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00e1tek vrcholn\u00e9 zimy p\u0159eru\u0161en prissk\u00fdm oteplen\u00edm. N\u00e1zev je op\u011bt odvozen od jm\u00e9na sv\u011btce, jeho\u017e pam\u00e1tka se ten den p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1. Tentokr\u00e1t je to svat\u00e1 Priska. \u201eSvat\u00e1 Priska, pod san\u011bmi p\u00edsk\u00e1.\u201c Nebo: \u201eNa svatou Prisku obleva, san\u011b jsou net\u0159eba.\u201c Ta n\u00e1sleduje po prissk\u00e9m oteplen\u00ed. Je to snad v\u016fbec nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b chladn\u00e9 lednov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed. Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 zima je signalizov\u00e1na zna\u010dn\u011b po\u010detnou plej\u00e1dou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdch pranostik, 20. lednem po\u010d\u00ednaje: \u201eSvat\u00fd Fabi\u00e1n \u2013 mraz\u016f kr\u00e1l. Na svat\u00e9ho Vincence, se\u010f doma u pece. Na zasnouben\u00ed panny Marie, zima nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je\u2026\u201c<\/p>\n

Fabi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 zima se dostavuje ve dnech na po\u010d\u00e1tku posledn\u00ed lednov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy a p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkdy a\u017e po dny na konci m\u011bs\u00edce, kdy b\u00fdv\u00e1 ukon\u010dena pov\u011bstnou hromni\u010dn\u00ed oblevou.
\nP\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Star\u00e9 \u0160umavy, m\u011bjte se kr\u00e1sn\u011b lednov\u00e9…<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Leden <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":333541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/04\/ram-lednove.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243927"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=243927"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":333540,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243927\/revisions\/333540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/333541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=243927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=243927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=243927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}