{"id":243606,"date":"2024-12-28T18:27:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-28T17:27:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=243606"},"modified":"2024-12-31T19:36:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T18:36:23","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-oblozeny-chlebicek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=243606","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Oblo\u017een\u00fd chleb\u00ed\u010dek"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Oblo\u017een\u00fd chleb\u00ed\u010dek je na\u0161e n\u00e1rodn\u00ed specialita. Zat\u00edmco ve sv\u011bt\u011b sv\u00e1d\u00ed mezi sebou bitvy oblo\u017een\u00e9 bagety a sendvi\u010de, u n\u00e1s se dobr\u00e9 lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed pozn\u00e1 podle oblo\u017een\u00e9ho pe\u010diva, kter\u00e9 nem\u016f\u017eete jen tak p\u0159ikusovat po cest\u011b do pr\u00e1ce, ale ke kter\u00e9mu si mus\u00edte chv\u00edli sednout, zapomenout na po\u010das\u00ed za okny a nechat se un\u00e9st mistrovskou kombinac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch chut\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b tak\u00e9 okomentovat kvalitu a \u010derstvost majon\u00e9zy.<\/h6>\n

Silvestr bez chleb\u00ed\u010dku si u n\u00e1s snad nelze v\u016fbec p\u0159edstavit. Tak\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011br je \u0161irok\u00fd a z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jen na tom, jak\u00fdm chut\u00edm d\u00e1me p\u0159ednost. Chleb\u00ed\u010dky zn\u00e1me v\u0161ichni, ale jejich p\u016fvod z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zahalen tajemstv\u00edm. Vymyslel je lord Sandwich, Napoleon, nebo dokonce ji\u017e sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9? Poj\u010fme se na historii veky s \u0161unkou, vaj\u00ed\u010dkem, pomaz\u00e1nkou \u010di lososem pod\u00edvat trochu podrobn\u011bji. Oblo\u017een\u00e9 chleby p\u0159ivedla na sv\u011bt roku 1733 vlastn\u011b prachsprost\u00e1 lenost. Lord Sandwich byl toti\u017e tak n\u00e1ru\u017eiv\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem karbanu, \u017ee se nenam\u00e1hal chodit k j\u00eddlu a po\u017e\u00e1dal sv\u00e9ho sluhu, aby mu jen tak mezi kraj\u00edce chleba vlo\u017eil pl\u00e1tek masa. A prvn\u00ed oblo\u017een\u00fd chl\u00e9b byl na sv\u011bt\u011b! Lordovi p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 sice tvrdili, \u017ee oblo\u017een\u00e9 chleby konzumovali ji\u017e sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 a n\u00e1pad to tak ur\u010dit\u011b nen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed, ale v\u0161ichni zn\u00e1me to p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed o kysel\u00fdch hroznech\u2026<\/p>\n

Oblo\u017een\u00fd chl\u00e9b si obl\u00edbil i mlsn\u00fd Napoleon, kter\u00fd p\u0159i vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed bojov\u00fdch strategi\u00ed nem\u011bl \u010das vysed\u00e1vat u hodovn\u00edho stolu. Nech\u00e1val si tedy p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et chl\u00e9b s masem, a aby p\u011bkn\u011b vid\u011bl, \u010d\u00edm je oblo\u017een\u00fd, po\u017e\u00e1dal o odstran\u011bn\u00ed vrchn\u00edho kraj\u00edce. Do konce 18. stolet\u00ed se \u201eotev\u0159en\u00e9 sendvi\u010de\u201c staly velice obl\u00edben\u00e9 a jejich sl\u00e1va rostla nejen mezi \u0161lechtou, ale i prost\u00fdmi lidmi. Ti si je obl\u00edbili hlavn\u011b p\u0159i cestov\u00e1n\u00ed vlakem jako praktickou sva\u010dinu. Trvalo dal\u0161\u00ed desetilet\u00ed, ne\u017e se chleby v oblo\u017een\u00e9 podob\u011b dostaly i na na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed. A nutno \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee nad chleb\u00ed\u010dky, v jak\u00e9 podob\u011b k n\u00e1m dorazily na konci devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, bychom se dnes asi sp\u00ed\u0161 u\u0161kl\u00edbali. Skl\u00e1daly se toti\u017e z pl\u00e1tku \u010dern\u00e9ho chleba se slane\u010dkem a cibul\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A tak jsme si museli na zm\u011bnu a vylep\u0161en\u00ed i pro gurm\u00e1ny je\u0161t\u011b zhruba dv\u011b des\u00edtky let po\u010dkat. Do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry je oblo\u017een\u00fd chleb\u00ed\u010dek skute\u010dn\u011b \u010desk\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lezem. Stoj\u00ed za n\u00edm lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159 Jan Paukert, kter\u00fd jej poprv\u00e9 vytvo\u0159il v roce 1916. Nikoli v\u0161ak z vlastn\u00edho popudu. P\u0159im\u011bl jej k tomu mal\u00ed\u0159 Jan Skraml\u00edk, kter\u00fd u Paukert\u016f pracoval na v\u00fdzdob\u011b vin\u00e1rny. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci dostal chu\u0165 n\u011bco zakousnout, nevyhovovaly mu v\u0161ak tehdy b\u011b\u017en\u011b pod\u00e1van\u00e9 mal\u00e9 jednohubky. Do\u017eadoval se n\u011b\u010deho na \u201edv\u011b nebo t\u0159i kousnut\u00ed\u201c. A dostal chleb\u00ed\u010dek.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hy se novinka uchytila i v Paukertov\u011b vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9m lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed na N\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b jednom z nejlep\u0161\u00edch v Evrop\u011b. Za prvn\u00ed republiky jej nav\u0161t\u011bvovala spole\u010densk\u00e1 smet\u00e1nka: Ema Destinnov\u00e1, Tom\u00e1\u0161 G. Masaryk, L\u00edda Baarov\u00e1, Hugo Haas \u010di Vlasta Burian, kter\u00fd si pr\u00fd chleb\u00ed\u010dky zamiloval natolik, \u017ee v lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed u Paukert\u016f po\u0159\u00e1dal chleb\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9 party pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele. Tehdy ostatn\u011b chleb\u00ed\u010dek nebyla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 lacin\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Krom\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00ed majon\u00e9zy se zdobily lan\u00fd\u017ei, uzen\u00fdm jazykem, hus\u00edmi j\u00e1try \u010di humrem, co\u017e byla pr\u00e1v\u011b specialita Paukertova lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hy v\u0161ak chleb\u00ed\u010dky za\u010dali nab\u00edzet i dal\u0161\u00ed lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159i, a postupn\u011b se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9 republice. Chleb\u00ed\u010dky sehr\u00e1ly i d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v nacistick\u00e9m odboji. 18. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941, b\u011bhem t\u00fddne bojkotu protektor\u00e1tn\u00edho tisku, byl p\u0159edseda protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy Alois Eli\u00e1\u0161 nucen p\u0159ijmout tzv. aktivistickou sedmi\u010dku \u0161\u00e9fredaktor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se dali do slu\u017eeb nacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu \u2013 psali propagandistick\u00e9 texty a sympatizovali s N\u011bmci. Tito novin\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bli toti\u017e pocit, \u017ee je protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed vl\u00e1da dostate\u010dn\u011b nepodporuje, proto si vy\u017e\u00e1dali setk\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edsedou. Eli\u00e1\u0161 neponechal nic n\u00e1hod\u011b a pro novin\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159ipravil poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 chleb\u00ed\u010dky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e je serv\u00edroval, nechal p\u0159\u00edtelem, bakteriologem Franti\u0161kem Pato\u010dkou, napustit bakteriemi tyfu, tuberkul\u00f3zy a botulotoxinu.<\/p>\n

U v\u011bt\u0161iny novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f se brzy objevily zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Jeden z nich \u2013 Karel La\u017enovsk\u00fd, kter\u00fd sn\u011bdl chleb\u00ed\u010dk\u016f nejv\u00edce, otrav\u011b o t\u0159i t\u00fddny pozd\u011bji podlehl. Nacistick\u00e1 propaganda jeho \u00famrt\u00ed ozna\u010dila za politickou vra\u017edu a z kolaborantsk\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e ud\u011blala mu\u010dedn\u00edka, po n\u011bm\u017e pozd\u011bji pojmenovali dne\u0161n\u00ed Ra\u0161\u00ednovo n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed dokonce i novin\u00e1\u0159skou cenu. Eli\u00e1\u0161ovi byla vina nakonec prok\u00e1z\u00e1na. Za svou odbojovou \u010dinnost byl nacisty popraven.<\/p>\n

Ov\u0161em v\u0161eho do \u010dasu \u2013 v pades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech je slavn\u00e9 lah\u016fdk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed zn\u00e1rodn\u011bno a zlat\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 ru\u010di\u010dky tentokr\u00e1t u\u017e v dom\u00e1cnostech s kreativitou sob\u011b vlastn\u00ed kr\u00e1j\u00ed veku, ma\u017eou m\u00e1slo, motaj\u00ed sal\u00e1m do ruli\u010dek a rozmis\u0165uj\u00ed ingredience. Kde je konec lan\u00fd\u017e\u016fm! Drah\u00e9 lah\u016fdky nahrazuje levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sal\u00e1m, dom\u00e1c\u00ed majon\u00e9zu zaskakuje pomaz\u00e1nka. Ale \u010ce\u0161i si dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed poradit. Chleb\u00ed\u010dky toti\u017e kv\u016fli nedostatku surovin v obchodech nab\u00edzej\u00ed fantastick\u00fd prostor kucha\u0159sk\u00e9 kreativit\u011b a vlastn\u00ed chleb\u00ed\u010dkovou variaci si \u010ce\u0161i tvo\u0159\u00ed i bez humr\u016f. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b jak je vid\u011bt, na chleb\u00ed\u010dky re\u017eimy a jejich zm\u011bny neplat\u00ed. P\u0159e\u017eily a\u017e do porevolu\u010dn\u00ed doby. Na \u0161pici obl\u00edbenosti se dnes dr\u017e\u00ed chleb\u00ed\u010dek \u0161unkov\u00fd s hermel\u00ednov\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Oblo\u017een\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":332868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/27\/ram-chlebicek.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243606"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=243606"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":332867,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243606\/revisions\/332867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/332868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=243606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=243606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=243606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}