{"id":241036,"date":"2024-11-20T23:36:16","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T22:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=241036"},"modified":"2024-11-20T23:36:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T22:36:16","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-tajemna-svata-katerina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=241036","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Tajemn\u00e1 svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny (25. listopadu) otev\u00edr\u00e1 temn\u00e9 a tajemn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kdy jsou noci nejdel\u0161\u00ed, dny nejkrat\u0161\u00ed a \u010darod\u011bjn\u00e9 s\u00edly maj\u00ed obrovskou moc. Na svatou Kate\u0159inu se konalo posledn\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 u\u017e byly sv\u00e1tky klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u017e do masopustu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce.<\/h6>\n

Sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny spadal do obdob\u00ed, kdy se u\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch prac\u00ed odb\u00fdvala doma ve sv\u011btnici, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pod st\u0159echou stodoly nebo s\u00fdpky. Ml\u00e1tilo se obil\u00ed, vozilo se do ml\u00fdna, aby se semlelo na mouku, su\u0161ilo se ovoce na zimu, p\u0159ipravoval se len na p\u0159eden\u00ed a \u017eeny draly pe\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00edskaly z hus sn\u011bden\u00fdch na svat\u00e9ho Martina. Tak jako jin\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky m\u00e1 i tento m\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd podtext.<\/p>\n

Pokud tedy chceme poznat tajemstv\u00ed svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny, mus\u00edme j\u00edt hlubok\u00e9 minulosti. Mil\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina se toti\u017e narodila n\u011bkdy okolo roku 290 v egyptsk\u00e9 Alexandrii. Byla to pr\u00fd velmi kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 a moudr\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165anka, dcera kr\u00e1le. Podle legendy se pr\u00fd sna\u017eila p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit egyptsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e, aby se stal v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edm, co\u017e se j\u00ed v\u0161ak nepoda\u0159ilo. Ten j\u00ed m\u00edsto toho nab\u00eddl s\u0148atek. A proto\u017ee si dovolila nab\u00eddku c\u00edsa\u0159e odm\u00edtnout s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee sv\u016fj \u017eivot p\u0159isl\u00edbila Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161i, \u010dekal ji trest. Rozzloben\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Kate\u0159inu uv\u011bznil, tr\u00e1pil ji hladem a myslel si, \u017ee ji dostane na kolena, ale ona se ani tehdy nezlomila. V z\u00e1palu zloby nechal pro ni vyrobit kolo s h\u0159eby a cht\u011bl na n\u011bm Kate\u0159inu za trest umu\u010dit. Jen\u017ee B\u016fh poslal z nebes blesk a mu\u010d\u00edc\u00ed kolo se rozpadlo. C\u00edsa\u0159 se nenechal zastavit a nakonec tedy nechal Kate\u0159inu prost\u011b st\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se tomu tak stalo, traduje se, \u017ee pr\u00fd j\u00ed p\u0159i poprav\u011b netekla krev, ale ml\u00e9ko. Po poprav\u011b byly jej\u00ed ostatky ulo\u017eeny v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e vysoko v hor\u00e1ch nedaleko Sinaje. Pr\u00fd je tam je p\u0159enesli and\u011bl\u00e9. Pravdou v\u0161ak je, \u017ee to byli ve skute\u010dnosti basili\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed mni\u0161i, kte\u0159\u00ed za and\u011ble byli ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina byla v minulosti velmi uct\u00edvan\u00e1. Na oslavu sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny si u n\u00e1s potrp\u011bl Karel IV., kter\u00fd Kate\u0159in\u011b nechal na Karl\u0161tejn\u011b postavit kapli. Svatou Kate\u0159inou ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159edadventn\u00ed \u010das. Bylo to rovn\u011b\u017e \u010dast\u00e9 datum svateb. V tento den lid\u00e9 zapo\u010d\u00ednali velk\u00fd p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed \u00faklid a to proto, aby do prvn\u00ed adventn\u00ed ned\u011ble bylo v\u0161e \u010dist\u00e9 a uklizen\u00e9. Pekly se pern\u00ed\u010dky. V tento den tak\u00e9 d\u011bve\u010dky a \u010dele\u010f dost\u00e1vali vyplacenou svou ro\u010dn\u00ed mzdu, a tak\u00e9 se mohli vyv\u00e1zat ze smlouvy nebo naopak novou smlouvu uzav\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Na svatou Kate\u0159inu prob\u00edhaly posledn\u00ed tancova\u010dky a z\u00e1bavy. Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 organizace t\u011bchto z\u00e1bav p\u0159itom byla v ruk\u00e1ch \u017een a d\u00edvek, jeliko\u017e ten den platilo tzv. \u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. \u017deny proto na tuto z\u00e1bavu musely obstarat j\u00eddlo i pit\u00ed a rovn\u011b\u017e platily za hudbu muzikant\u016fm. Za odm\u011bnu si mohly objednat tane\u010dn\u00ed s\u00f3lo a tak\u00e9 si samy mohly vyb\u00edrat, s k\u00fdm budou tan\u010dit. V ten ve\u010der zvaly mu\u017ee na p\u00e1lenku a d\u00e1valy jim i drobn\u00e9 d\u00e1rky. P\u00e1nov\u00e9 si mohli vyb\u00edrat pouze jednou o p\u016flnoci ve form\u011b p\u00e1nsk\u00e9 volenky.<\/p>\n

Kate\u0159insk\u00e1 z\u00e1bava se obvykle konala a\u017e do sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed. 26.11. nastal \u010das p\u0159ed adventn\u00ed, \u010dili \u010das pokory, skromnosti a rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina m\u011bla b\u00fdt umu\u010dena mu\u010d\u00edc\u00edm kolem, nesm\u011blo se 25.11. po cel\u00fd den pracovat s ni\u010d\u00edm, co m\u011blo kolo. Zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 tak byla pr\u00e1ce nejen s traka\u0159em, vozem a povozem, ale i s kolovratem. Povolena dokonce nebyla ani pr\u00e1ce ve ml\u00fdn\u011b. Po svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159in\u011b pak za\u010dalo obdob\u00ed tzv. p\u0159\u00e1stek, kdy lid\u00e9 na kolovratech za\u010dali zpracov\u00e1vat len.<\/p>\n

Podle pov\u011bst\u00ed se na svatou Kate\u0159inu otev\u00edr\u00e1 temn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, je\u017e je spojeno s v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlou\u017eenou noc\u00ed a s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edmi \u010darod\u011bjn\u00fdmi silami. Lid\u00e9 se p\u0159ed nimi chr\u00e1nili t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010desnekem nad dve\u0159e malovali k\u0159\u00ed\u017e. Pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed ochrany p\u0159ed temn\u00fdmi silami se \u010desnek p\u0159id\u00e1val i do pokrm\u016f. Po sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny za\u010d\u00ednalo obdob\u00ed zti\u0161en\u00ed, vnit\u0159n\u00ed usebranosti a modlitby. V praxi to znamenalo, \u017ee skon\u010dily ve\u0161ker\u00e9 hody. Proto se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkalo, \u017ee svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina v\u011b\u0161\u00ed housle do kom\u00edna.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Sv\u00e1tek <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":329292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/20\/ram-katerila.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241036"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=241036"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241036\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":329291,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241036\/revisions\/329291"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/329292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=241036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=241036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=241036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}