{"id":239218,"date":"2026-10-28T20:13:57","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T19:13:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=239218"},"modified":"2026-10-28T20:13:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T19:13:57","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-svatek-vsech-svatych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=239218","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Sv\u00e1tek v\u0161ech svat\u00fdch"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Prvn\u00ed listopadov\u00fd den je v\u011bnov\u00e1n vzpom\u00ednce na v\u0161echny svat\u00e9 (Festum omnium sanctorum) v\u0161ech c\u00edrkv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si B\u016fh vyvolil.<\/h6>\n

O V\u0161ech Svat\u00fdch se cesty jen hem\u017eily “sb\u011bra\u010di du\u0161i\u010dek”, lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed sb\u00edrali du\u0161i\u010dkov\u00e9 pe\u010divo. P\u016fvodn\u011b v zastoupen\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch sam\u00fdch. Jsou to chleby na prst dlouh\u00e9: b\u00edl\u00e9 pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed, \u010dern\u00e9 pro ciz\u00ed. \u010casto jich b\u00fdvalo pe\u010deno a rozd\u011blov\u00e1no na sta. Sv\u00e1tek je slaven nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm, c\u00edrkve vze\u0161l\u00e9 ze z\u00e1padn\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed jej slav\u00ed 1. listopadu, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli po letnic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek v\u0161ech svat\u00fdch je skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou slavn\u00e9ho podzimu c\u00edrkve, je to sv\u00e1tek proti samot\u011b, proti ka\u017ed\u00e9 osamocenosti, je\u017e t\u00edsn\u00ed srdce \u010dlov\u011bka. Svat\u00ed jsou v\u0161ichni zesnul\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed po pr\u016fchodu branou smrti dos\u00e1hli \u017eivota v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho. \u010cili ne jen ti zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u011btci a sv\u011btice vyobrazen\u00ed na ikon\u00e1ch, obrazech a olt\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. Abychom se dop\u00e1trali p\u016fvodu t\u011bchto sv\u00e1tk\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b u n\u00e1s, mus\u00edme si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee v \u010cesk\u00e9 kotlin\u011b se potk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed okruhy a to prim\u00e1rn\u011b okruh barbarsk\u00fd (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9, keltsk\u00e9 a slovansk\u00e9 kmeny) a sekund\u00e1rn\u011b okruh antick\u00fd (\u0158\u00edm, \u0158ecko, Orient),<\/p>\n

Po jejich ko\u0159enech se tedy nejprve poohl\u00e9dneme podle data, kdy je slav\u00edme tj. na p\u0159elomu z \u0159\u00edjna a listopadu. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed \u010das. P\u0159\u00edroda vypad\u00e1 \u0161ediv\u011b, jako by zest\u00e1rla a ust\u00e1val v n\u00ed \u017eivot. I lid\u00e9 c\u00edt\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e jindy, \u017ee na sv\u011bt\u011b je tak\u00e9 smrt. N\u011bkdy je proto zm\u00e1h\u00e1 smutek. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem listopadu slavili pohan\u00e9 na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed nov\u00fd rok. Tak v\u00fdznamn\u00fd to byl v pohansk\u00e9 tradici den, \u017ee musel b\u00fdt v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch evropsk\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed nahrazen sv\u00e1tkem k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm a patronov\u00e1n v\u0161emi svat\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Do pochmurn\u00e9 podzimn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto ztoto\u017e\u0148ovan\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch (1.11.) a pam\u00e1tka zesnul\u00fdch (lidov\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 “Du\u0161i\u010dky” \u2013 2.11.). Slavnost “V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch” se mnohokr\u00e1t nespr\u00e1vn\u011b zam\u011b\u0148uje za vzpom\u00ednku na v\u0161echny v\u011brn\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00e9 (pam\u00e1tka zesnul\u00fdch, “Du\u0161i\u010dky”). Sv\u00e1tek vych\u00e1z\u00ed z historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti zasv\u011bcen\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho Pantheonu (p\u016fvodn\u011b pohansk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu v\u0161ech olympsk\u00fdch boh\u016f) Pann\u011b Marii a v\u0161em svat\u00fdm mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016fm dne 13.5.609. Na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m V\u00fdchod\u011b se slavil spole\u010dn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek v\u0161ech mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f ji\u017e od 4. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V 8. stolet\u00ed se v Irsku a v Anglii, u Kelt\u016f a Frank\u016f za\u010dal slavit sv\u00e1tek V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch (nejen mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f) 1.11. Toto datum se ust\u00e1lilo snad proto, \u017ee u Kelt\u016f za\u010d\u00ednal v tento den nov\u00fd rok. Dnes vyhovuje i kv\u016fli t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti s pam\u00e1tkou na zem\u0159el\u00e9 a s melancholick\u00fdmi podzimn\u00edmi pocity. Slaven\u00ed sv\u00e1tku V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch se brzy roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo a v \u0158\u00edm\u011b se slav\u00ed pravideln\u011b od 9. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0159eckokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi se pam\u011btn\u00fd den v\u011bnovan\u00fd svat\u00fdm p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 v ned\u011bli po Sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho Ducha (je to pohybliv\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, ned\u011ble “V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch” p\u0159ipadne v\u011bt\u0161inou na n\u011bkterou \u010dervnovou). Jde o spole\u010dnou slavnost lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed po smrti vstoupili do nebe, to znamen\u00e1 do stavu svrchovan\u00e9ho a kone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed ve spole\u010denstv\u00ed s Bohem a se v\u0161emi \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou spojeni s Kristem, jen\u017e svou smrt\u00ed a zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00edm zajistil lidem v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot. Toto tajemstv\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed se samotn\u00fdm Bohem p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 jak\u00e9koliv ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edstavivost.<\/p>\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo zem\u0159el, je svat\u00fd, proto se sv\u00e1tek “V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch” net\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech zem\u0159el\u00fdch, jak se \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u00ed. V\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed ode\u0161li z tohoto sv\u011bta, je v\u011bnovan\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednka 2.11. Pro v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed je v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 spojena s modlitbou, bu\u010f ve spojen\u00ed s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi zesnul\u00fdmi, nebo pokud je\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159i\u0161li do nebe, za uveden\u00ed du\u0161\u00ed zesnul\u00fdch do v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 bla\u017eenosti s Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em Kristem. Plnomocn\u00e9 odpustky (odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed trest\u016f za h\u0159\u00edchy) pro du\u0161e, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, mohou k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 z\u00edskat v okt\u00e1vu sv\u00e1tku “V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch”, tj. v prvn\u00edch osmi listopadov\u00fdch dnech.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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