{"id":238929,"date":"2023-10-26T14:51:46","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T13:51:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=238929"},"modified":"2023-10-26T14:51:46","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T13:51:46","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-karel-capek-a-28-rijen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=238929","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Karel \u010capek a 28. \u0159\u00edjen"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Na co dnes mysl\u00edme? P\u0159ipome\u0148me si sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed den s klasikem Karlem \u010capkem. Spisovatel ten den pro\u017e\u00edval s \u00factou. Den, kdy 28. \u0159\u00edjna 1918 z\u00e1stupci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho zve\u0159ejnili provol\u00e1n\u00ed o vzniku \u010ceskoslovenska a vydali z\u00e1kon o z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Co dnes? Na zahrad\u011b shraban\u00e9 list\u00ed a obchody zav\u0159en\u00e9. Je to sv\u00e1tek nebo voln\u00fd den? Zeptejte se n\u011bkoho. Z\u0159ejm\u011b o tom ani nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed, ur\u010dit\u011b ale v\u00ed, \u017ee se budou na Hrad\u011b rozd\u00e1vat medaile. Starosti ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b v\u0161edn\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b Karel \u010capek to popisoval:<\/h6>\n

\u201eObecn\u011b pak se d\u011bl\u00ed sv\u00e1tky na dva druhy. 1. sv\u00e1tky nesporn\u00e9, kdy nechod\u00ed listono\u0161, kr\u00e1my jsou zav\u0159eny, a my lid\u00e9 se fl\u00e1k\u00e1me po ulic\u00edch, nev\u011bdouce, kam se vrtnout; 2. sv\u00e1tky sporn\u00e9, kdy listono\u0161 tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou nechod\u00ed, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159adech se pr\u00fd pracuje, n\u011bkter\u00e9 kr\u00e1my jsou otev\u0159eny, n\u011bkolik zedn\u00edk\u016f n\u011bco d\u011bl\u00e1 a ostatn\u00ed lid\u00e9 se fl\u00e1kaj\u00ed po ulic\u00edch, nev\u011bdouce, je-li vlastn\u011b sv\u00e1tek nebo ne\u2026\u201c <\/em><\/p>\n

Pro\u017eitek ze dne 28. \u0159\u00edjna se projevuje u Karla \u010capka hned v n\u011bkolika jeho fejetonech a z textu z roku 1935 n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 jednak tehdej\u0161\u00ed dobu a tak\u00e9 tehdej\u0161\u00ed vztah \u010cechoslov\u00e1k\u016f k tomuto sv\u00e1tku: “Historick\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee slav\u00edme sv\u00e1tek sv\u00e9ho osvobozen\u00ed a\u017e na sklonku jesen\u011b, pat\u0159\u00ed n\u011bjak symbolicky k povaze na\u0161eho n\u00e1roda: nebo\u0165 jsme oby\u010dejn\u011b pon\u011bkud kaboniv\u00ed, starostliv\u00ed a naklon\u011bni hloubat o v\u011bcech, o jejich zasmu\u0161ilej\u0161\u00edch a hor\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch\u2026 Ale snad pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je dob\u0159e, \u017ee den na\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed radosti spad\u00e1 do tohoto \u00fadob\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed deprese; je dob\u0159e pro na\u0161i politickou mor\u00e1lku, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b na\u0161e hor\u0161\u00ed a t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed dny jsou proz\u00e1\u0159eny t\u00edm dnem sl\u00e1vy, vd\u011b\u010dnosti a d\u016fv\u011bry.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Ned\u011bln\u00ed fejetony Karla \u010capka:<\/h6>\n

V\u00edm sice, \u017ee 28. \u0159\u00edjen roku osmn\u00e1ct je u\u017e d\u00e1vno svato\u0159e\u010den, ale jen jako sv\u00e1tek st\u00e1tn\u00ed; oslavujeme v n\u011bm sv\u016fj n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a politick\u00fd p\u0159evrat, ale nikoliv onen podivuhodn\u00fd den s\u00e1m, a\u010dkoliv by si toho zaslou\u017eil. Byl to den z n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00ed\u010din zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nadp\u0159irozen\u00fd; m\u016f\u017eeme se p\u0159i dobr\u00e9 pam\u011bti dovolat n\u011bkolika not\u00e1\u0159sky ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch znamen\u00ed a div\u016f, kter\u00e9 dokazuj\u00ed jeho svatost nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm blahoslavenstv\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k faktu svatosti n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jist\u00e1 jemn\u00e1 a z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e1 kr\u00e1sa. Onen den z roku osmn\u00e1ct se vyno\u0159il z podzimn\u00edch mlh v \u010distot\u011b a jasu skoro p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m; je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e do\u0161la zpr\u00e1va o kapitulaci Rakouska, polo\u017eila se sv\u011bteln\u00e1 glorie na pozdn\u011b \u0159\u00edjnov\u00fd den, roztrhla z\u00e1voj mlhy a ozlatila zemi utr\u00e1penou lety v\u00e1lky.<\/em><\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak byla znamen\u00ed mocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b den p\u0159edt\u00edm jsme po\u010d\u00edtali v novin\u00e1ch smutn\u00e9 kolony \u00famrtn\u00edch ozn\u00e1men\u00ed; tehdy pr\u00e1v\u011b vrcholila hekatomba \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 ch\u0159ipky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk le\u017eel s ch\u0159ipkou a ti ostatn\u00ed se taktak dr\u017eeli na nohou, \u010dekaj\u00edce, kdy je to polo\u017e\u00ed. Dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho osm\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edjna nade\u0161el konec epidemie, jako by u\u0165al. V novin\u00e1ch u\u017e jen n\u011bkolik \u00famrtn\u00edch ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, jako kdy\u017e po de\u0161ti je\u0161t\u011b kape, a konec; nastalo z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9 a hromadn\u00e9 uzdraven\u00ed. Snad se lidi pozdravili z radosti nebo proto, \u017ee m\u00edsto ston\u00e1n\u00ed se vyhrnuli do vyzlacen\u00fdch ulic; nebo nebylo pokdy myslet na nemocn\u00e9 a zesnul\u00e9; ale a\u0165 je tomu jakkoliv, doporu\u010dujeme p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, aby si v novin\u00e1ch z roku osmn\u00e1ct na\u0161li k\u0159ivku ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 epidemie p\u0159ed z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm dnem 28. \u0159\u00edjna a po n\u011bm.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ale zb\u00fdv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b znamen\u00ed nejpodivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny jsme se v mnoha novin\u00e1ch do\u010d\u00edtali, \u017ee ulice v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta je vzn\u011btliv\u00e1; \u017ee jej\u00edho hore\u010dn\u00e9ho vzru\u0161en\u00ed zpravidla zneu\u017eij\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 neodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 \u017eivly, kter\u00fdm jde jen o jejich vlastn\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b nekal\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, jako je ru\u0161en\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dku a podobn\u011b. Nu\u017ee, nejtajemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakaz 28. \u0159\u00edjna byl ve sv\u011btle t\u011bchto zku\u0161enost\u00ed ten, \u017ee nebylo neodpov\u011bdn\u00fdch \u017eivl\u016f. Cel\u00e1 Praha a v\u0161echna ostatn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 m\u011bsta byla na nohou; v\u0161ichni jsme c\u00edtili nesm\u00edrn\u011b \u010desky a slovansky, ale tlakem na\u0161eho nad\u0161en\u00ed nepraskla ani jedna okenn\u00ed tabulka. D\u011bly se z\u00e1zraky: nebylo vytlu\u010deno n\u011bmeck\u00e9 divadlo, policie nezakro\u010dovala brut\u00e1ln\u011b proti vlasteneck\u00fdm demonstrant\u016fm, neza\u0159in\u010delo sklo ani v jedin\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 kav\u00e1rn\u011b. <\/em><\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee dnes by si nikdo, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z “mu\u017e\u016f 28. \u0159\u00edjna\u201d, netroufal prov\u00e9st onen revolu\u010dn\u00ed den tak hladce a bezvadn\u011b. \u010ctu-li je\u0161t\u011b te\u010f, \u017ee v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00edho roku “promluvila \u010desk\u00e1 a slovansk\u00e1 Praha\u201d a “projevilo se n\u00e1rodn\u00ed uv\u011bdomen\u00ed na\u0161eho lidu\u201d, nemohu se zbavit t\u00e9to vzpom\u00ednky. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e1 a slovansk\u00e1 Praha promluvila daleko hloub\u011bji dne 28. \u0159\u00edjna roku osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho. M\u00e1m za to, \u017ee tehdy se tak\u00e9 projevilo n\u00e1rodn\u00ed uv\u011bdomen\u00ed na\u0161eho lidu zp\u016fsobem nepochybn\u00fdm. Ale vypadalo to docela, docela jinak ne\u017e ta leto\u0161n\u00ed faz\u00f3na. Je-li ta leto\u0161n\u00ed ulice p\u0159irozen\u00e1 a nestalo-li se s n\u00ed n\u011bco divn\u00e9ho a abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edho, pak pros\u00edm je ulice z onoho 28. \u0159\u00edjna \u00fakazem tajemn\u00fdm a nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdm a zaslou\u017e\u00ed si dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 \u00facty \u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b letos.<\/em><\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e9 noviny 28. 10. 1930<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed o pejskovi a ko\u010di\u010dce. Kniha Josefa \u010capka, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159ila k d\u011btstv\u00ed milion\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed stejn\u011b tak jej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 rozhlasov\u00e1 verze namluven\u00e1 Karlem H\u00f6gerem. Slu\u0161\u00ed se p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee i toto d\u00edlo pro\u017eilo temn\u00e9 roky t\u00e9to zem\u011b se sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem. Komunisti\u010dt\u00ed cenzo\u0159i toti\u017e z vyd\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to knihy v letech 1948-1989 vy\u0161krtli poh\u00e1dku o tom, Jak pejsek s ko\u010di\u010dkou slavili 28. \u0159\u00edjen. Ten zkr\u00e1tka za komunismu nesm\u011bli slavit nejen obyvatel\u00e9 zem\u011b, ale ani zv\u00ed\u0159ata v poh\u00e1dce. Na tento den komunist\u00e9 ur\u010dili Den zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00ed\u2026..N\u011bkolik generac\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed tak v\u016fbec nev\u011bd\u011blo o tom, \u017ee pejsek s ko\u010di\u010dkou slavili 28. \u0159\u00edjen, tedy pokud se v jejich rodinn\u00e9 knihovn\u011b nenach\u00e1zelo p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed kultovn\u00edho d\u00edla Josefa \u010capka. Poselstv\u00edm oslav republiky by tak mimo jin\u00e9 m\u011blo b\u00fdt, aby se republika u\u017e nikdy nedostala do tak absurdn\u00edho stavu stavu, kdy budou cenzo\u0159i zakazovat i poh\u00e1dky. A o \u010dem kdysi zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 poh\u00e1dka je? Jeden druh\u00e9ho nejprve informuje o bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch se oslav\u00e1ch. Potom si vysv\u011btluj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ed rokem 1918 se pr\u00fd lid\u00e9 nem\u011bli dob\u0159e a byla velk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. \u010capek se v textu zmi\u0148uje o \u0161patn\u00e9m c\u00edsa\u0159i, kter\u00e9ho pr\u00fd lid\u00e9 vyhnali a zalo\u017eili si republiku, kterou vede \u201edobr\u00fd pan president\u201c Masaryk. Od t\u00e9 doby pr\u00fd lid\u00e9 velkolep\u011b slav\u00ed 28. \u0159\u00edjen jako velk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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