{"id":236922,"date":"2023-10-03T21:01:12","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T20:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=236922"},"modified":"2023-10-03T21:01:12","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T20:01:12","slug":"stara-sumava-rijnove-rozjimani-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=236922","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Podzimn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc se v\u0161\u00edm v\u0161udy, to je \u0159\u00edjen. Chladn\u00e1 r\u00e1na a mlhy v \u00fadol\u00ed jsou pro n\u011bj charakteristick\u00e9. Slun\u00ed\u010dko ale um\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b vykouzlit posledn\u00ed tepl\u00e9 dny. P\u0159\u00edroda se ji\u017e p\u0159ipravuje na zimn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek a lou\u010d\u00ed se s n\u00e1mi kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi barvami. Je tak trochu pokra\u010dovatel z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale ji\u017e studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\u0158\u00edjen je posledn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc sv\u011btl\u00e9 poloviny roku. M\u011bs\u00edc, kdy na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 kon\u010dili sklize\u0148 \u00farody a d\u011bkovali p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b za poskytnut\u00e9 dary. Tak\u00e9 my bychom u\u017e m\u011bli m\u00edt v\u0161e nachystan\u00e9 na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed zimu, v\u0161e uklizen\u00e9 a uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9, a to nejen na zahrad\u011b a v dom\u011b, ale i sami v sob\u011b. P\u0159\u00edroda se pomalu ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 ke sp\u00e1nku, na stromech \u017eloutne list\u00ed a mnoh\u00e9 stromy u\u017e ho sypou na zem.<\/p>\n

Prom\u011bnlivost \u0159\u00edjna trefn\u011b vystihuje star\u00e1 pranostika: \u201eNa jednom konci \u0159\u00edjen je\u0161t\u011b h\u0159eje, ale na druh\u00e9m ji\u017e mraz\u00ed.\u201c Prvn\u00ed dny je\u0161t\u011b regul\u00e9rn\u011b spadaj\u00ed do bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta, p\u0159esto je v n\u011bm c\u00edtit neoddiskutovateln\u00e1 bl\u00edzkost zimy. Barvy l\u00e9ta se m\u00eds\u00ed s barvami podzimu a n\u011bkdy se p\u0159id\u00e1 i zima s prvn\u00ed sn\u011bhovou b\u011blobou. \u0158\u00edjen je na tradi\u010dn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 zvyky a sv\u00e1tky dost chud\u00fd.<\/p>\n

V tomto m\u011bs\u00edci je hlavn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem 4. \u0159\u00edjen \u2013 sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Franti\u0161ka z Asii a v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch l\u00e9ta slavilo Havelsk\u00e9 neboli c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed, do n\u011bho\u017e m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u00faroda pod st\u0159echou a zel\u00ed vykva\u0161en\u00e9. Spojen\u00ed Havla se zel\u00edm nazna\u010duje i lidov\u00e1 pranostika \u2013 svat\u00fd Havel, do zel\u00ed zajel. V p\u0159epr\u0161k\u00e1ch a pl\u00edskanic\u00edch se odv\u00edj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bs\u00edce \u0159\u00edjna, kter\u00e1 je jinak v pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch pranostik\u00e1ch vn\u00edm\u00e1na pom\u011brn\u011b poeticky.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161inou v\u0161ak lidov\u00e1 r\u010den\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed ani ne s p\u0159\u00edchodem astronomick\u00e9 zimy, ale pouze s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm poklesem venkovn\u00edch teplot. Zkr\u00e1tka po\u010das\u00ed u\u017e bude vy\u017eadovat trval\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. \u0158\u00edjnov\u00e9 dny b\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u011bkdy kr\u00e1sn\u00e9. To proto, \u017ee podzim od\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodu do zlata a \u0161arlatu, je vl\u00eddn\u00fd a zamlkl\u00fd. Jak p\u00ed\u0161e v Myslivcov\u011b roku spisovatel Jan Vrba, kr\u00e1sa podzimu je mistrovsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem, zele\u0148 je v n\u011bm p\u0159idu\u0161ena \u0161ed\u00ed, ale o to v\u00edce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed barvy podzimku.<\/p>\n

Zima, obdob\u00ed temna a chladu, n\u00e1s za\u017eene do na\u0161ich domov\u016f, kde si na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 po ve\u010derech vypr\u00e1v\u011bli p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy a vzpom\u00ednali na \u010dasy minul\u00e9, aby se pou\u010dili z moudrosti a konec konc\u016f i chyb t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed tu ji\u017e nejsou. Keltov\u00e9 si v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0159\u00edjna p\u0159ipom\u00ednali hlavn\u011b sv\u00e9 \u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edky, kte\u0159\u00ed na n\u00e1s z onoho sv\u011bta dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed a \u017eehnaj\u00ed n\u00e1m. Z nejrozli\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch dn\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou \u0160umav\u011b pr\u016fb\u011bhem roku slaveny, dosahuje bezesporu obzvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho lesku slavnost posv\u00edcen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu se slav\u00edvalo a dodnes se leckde dodr\u017euje Havelsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Posv\u00edcen\u00ed byla vlastn\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed slavnost na pam\u00e1tku dne vysv\u011bcen\u00ed kostela. Tato slavnost se brzy mezi \u0160umavsk\u00fdm lidem v\u017eila jako slavnost po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech podzimn\u00edch prac\u00ed. Do t\u00e9 doby se sna\u017eili m\u00edt v\u0161ichni zor\u00e1no, oseto a sklizeno, p\u0159ipraveno na zimu. Jen\u017ee v ka\u017ed\u00e9 vesnici to bylo jindy a tak se c\u00edsa\u0159i Josefu II. zd\u00e1lo t\u011bch oslav moc a stanovil v roce 1786 jednotn\u00e9 kon\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech posv\u00edcen\u00ed na prvn\u00ed ned\u011bli po Svat\u00e9m Havlu a dal\u0161\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v listopadu po Svat\u00e9m Martinovi.<\/p>\n

Toto c\u00edsa\u0159sky na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed se ale mezi lidmi moc neujalo a tak to nakonec dopadlo tak, \u017ee se na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 slavilo jako n\u011bco nav\u00edc a vznikla dal\u0161\u00ed oslava. C\u00edsa\u0159 si tedy moc nepomohl a v\u0161e se vr\u00e1tilo do star\u00fdch kolej\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b se toto posv\u00edcen\u00ed dr\u017eelo asi tak do t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let a pozd\u011bji jeho dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vymizelo. Jen v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch si upekly husi\u010dku, nebo hn\u011bt\u00fdnky, aby si jej trochu p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eily. Na hodovn\u00edm stole v\u011bt\u0161inou nechyb\u011bla pe\u010den\u00e1 husa. Tento zvyk mo\u017en\u00e1 pramen\u00ed z pohansk\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, kdy se bohyni Moko\u0161 ob\u011btovala dr\u016fbe\u017e. C\u00edrkev se obvykle sna\u017eila pohansk\u00e9 sv\u00e1tky vym\u00fdtit. Kdy\u017e se to v\u0161ak i p\u0159es z\u00e1kazy neda\u0159ilo, p\u0159etvo\u0159ila je na sv\u00e1tky k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu se objevuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed pranostiky odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed na to, jak\u00e1 bude zima \u201eJe-li \u0159\u00edjen velmi zelen\u00fd, bude zato leden hodn\u011b studen\u00fd\u201c, d\u00e1le \u201e\u0158\u00edjen kdy\u017e bl\u00fdsk\u00e1, zima pl\u00edsk\u00e1\u201c, \u201eMlhy v \u0159\u00edjnu \u2013 sn\u011bhy v zim\u011b\u201c a \u201eV \u0159\u00edjnu hodn\u011b \u017ealud\u016f a bukvic oznamuje zimy v\u00edc\u201c. Lid\u00e9 od \u0159\u00edjna tak\u00e9 \u010dasto odvozovali, jak\u00e1 bude \u00faroda dal\u0161\u00ed rok \u201eV\u011bjou-li v \u0159\u00edjnu severn\u00ed v\u011btry, nezda\u0159\u00ed se obil\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201e\u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve list\u00ed opadne, t\u00edm \u00farodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok\u201c. Toto byl pouze mal\u00fd v\u00fd\u010det pranostik, kter\u00e9 se poj\u00ed s \u0159\u00edjnem. Vychutnejte si posledn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky a na\u010derpejte dostatek energie na nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed dlouhou zimu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Star\u00e9 \u0160umavy, m\u011bjte se kr\u00e1sn\u011b \u0159\u00edjnov\u011b.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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