{"id":234441,"date":"2023-09-25T20:30:08","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T19:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=234441"},"modified":"2023-09-26T19:14:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T18:14:49","slug":"babi-leto-na-sumave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=234441","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"V\u010dera let\u011bl vzduchem prvn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fd vlas.<\/em>
\nZazvonil,<\/em>
\nkdy\u017e zvolna k zemi padal \u2013<\/em>
\na slova,<\/em>
\nhrub\u00e1, nepokorn\u00e1 slova<\/em>
\nv hrdle uv\u00e1zla mi jako ryb\u00ed kost.<\/em>
\n*<\/em>
\nM\u00e9 l\u00e9to,<\/em>
\nty u\u017e tak\u00e9 \u0161ediv\u00ed\u0161?<\/em>
\n*<\/em>
\nJe tomu tak<\/em>
\na podzim p\u0159ijde z\u00edtra.<\/em>
\nZas cel\u00e9 stromy budou odl\u00e9tat,<\/em>
\nzas pt\u00e1t se budem,<\/em>
\nkam a komu vst\u0159\u00edc.<\/em>
\nA ticho, chud\u00e9 jako poln\u00ed my\u0161,<\/em>
\ntu a tam za z\u00e1dy n\u00e1m p\u00edskne.<\/em>
\n*<\/em>
\nM\u00e9 l\u00e9to,<\/em>
\nty u\u017e tak\u00e9 \u0161ediv\u00ed\u0161?<\/em> (Jan Sk\u00e1cel)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jako ne\u010dekan\u00e1 pointa p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed po l\u00e9t\u011b je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9to bab\u00ed. To aby to lou\u010den\u00ed s l\u00e9tem nebylo tak drsn\u00e9. Such\u00e9, tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed protkan\u00e9 nitkami pavu\u010din a proz\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 hork\u00fdm sluncem. Pozdn\u00ed l\u00e9to milujeme stejn\u011b jako kr\u00e1tkou b\u0159itkou sc\u00e9nku ve filmu ji\u017e mezi titulky. P\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsme ne\u010dekali, o to v\u00edce pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed. Pavu\u010diny voln\u011b se vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed vzduchem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed \u0161ediv\u00e9 vlasy star\u00fdch \u017een. Odtud \u00fadajn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed lidov\u00fd n\u00e1zev tohoto obdob\u00ed. Mo\u017enosti jsou vskutku poetick\u00e9 a pokud je pravda n\u011bkde jinde, nemus\u00edme ji zn\u00e1t za ka\u017edou cenu.<\/h6>\n

Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 l\u00e9to se p\u0159ihl\u00e1silo o slovo. Pod t\u00edmto star\u00fdm lidov\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkolikadenn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00e9, tepl\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pravideln\u011b opakuje ve dnech kolem 7.z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 si \u010dasto pletou mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 pozdn\u00ed l\u00e9to se svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00fdm bab\u00edm l\u00e9tem. To je ale chyba. Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to je z hlediska \u010dasov\u00e9 posloupnosti z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a\u017e prv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti podzimu, tedy a\u017e po podzimn\u00ed rovnodennosti. Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 l\u00e9to se objevuje ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. Star\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed popisuje pravideln\u011b se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolikadenn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00e9, velmi tepl\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 trv\u00e1 od poloviny prvn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy a\u017e po dny na jej\u00edm konci.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das\u00ed v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se toti\u017e rychle a v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed. Typick\u00e9 Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to lze rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edm obdob\u00edm Bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta je pr\u00e1v\u011b Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 l\u00e9to neboli Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 pozdn\u00ed l\u00e9to. Obdob\u00ed je charakteristick\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teplotn\u00ed amplitudou a st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9 srpnov\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed. Pod star\u00fdm lidov\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm se ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 pravideln\u011b se opakuj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkolikadenn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00e9, velmi tepl\u00e9 obdob\u00ed objevuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve dnech od poloviny prvn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy a\u017e po dny na konci t\u00e9to dek\u00e1dy. Na Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 l\u00e9to navazuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed s lidov\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy.<\/p>\n

Na tuto \u010d\u00e1st Bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta, respektive Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ta, navazuje dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se ozna\u010duje jako Ludmilsko-Matou\u0161sk\u00e9 l\u00e9to. To je datov\u00e1no v obdob\u00ed od dn\u016f na konci prvn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy a\u017e po dny v polovin\u011b posledn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy. Je charakteristick\u00e9 nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi teplotn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy, kdy v dlouhodob\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1me v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 poklesy a vzestupy teplot.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00edm obdob\u00edm Bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta je L\u00e9to svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava neboli Svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 bab\u00ed l\u00e9to. To nastupuje v\u011bt\u0161inou ve dnech v polovin\u011b posledn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy a\u017e po dny pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se kolem poloviny prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

\u010ctvrtou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta je L\u00e9to svat\u00e9 Terezie neboli Terezi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 bab\u00ed l\u00e9to. Datuje se od poloviny prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy a\u017e po dny na p\u0159elomu druh\u00e9 a t\u0159et\u00ed dek\u00e1dy \u0159\u00edjna. Je charakteristick\u00e9 hust\u00fdmi rann\u00edmi a ve\u010dern\u00edmi mlhami a krat\u0161\u00ed dobou slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu d\u00edky zkracuj\u00edc\u00edm se dn\u016fm. Zvy\u0161uje se \u010detnost mraz\u00edk\u016f a mraz\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1tou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Bab\u00edho l\u00e9ta jsou \u0160imonsk\u00e1 chladna vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se ve dnech na p\u0159elomu druh\u00e9 a t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy a trvaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do posledn\u00edch dn\u016f \u0159\u00edjna. Jde o chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed s pov\u011btrnostn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami. Zvy\u0161uje se v\u00fdskyt sychrav\u00fdch, chladn\u00fdch a v\u011btrn\u00fdch dn\u016f, no\u010dn\u00edch mraz\u00edk\u016f a\u017e mraz\u016f, mlh, tzv. j\u00edn\u00ed a jinovatek.<\/p>\n

\u0160estou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je na konci \u0159\u00edjna Mal\u00e9 bab\u00ed l\u00e9to neboli L\u00e9to V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch. Dostavuje se v posledn\u00edch \u0159\u00edjnov\u00fdch dnech a\u017e po dny na konci prvn\u00ed listopadov\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy. Objevuje se pom\u011brn\u00e9 tepl\u00e9, ale mlhav\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, p\u0159es den se po rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed rann\u00edch mlh a p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 obla\u010dnosti objevuje i slunn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed. Uzav\u00edr\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st roku naz\u00fdvanou Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to.<\/p>\n

V Ottov\u011b nau\u010dn\u00e9m slovn\u00edku je jeho prav\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Tento slovn\u00edk uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee se bab\u00ed l\u00e9to naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Svatov\u00e1clavsk\u00e9 nebo tak\u00e9 Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9, latinsky Filamenta Divae Virginis, co\u017e bychom mohli p\u0159elo\u017eit jako vl\u00e1kna bo\u017esk\u00e9 panny, a projevuj\u00ed se jako jemn\u00e9 pavu\u010diny, jemn\u00e1 vl\u00e1k\u00e9nka, kter\u00e1 za jasn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed (okolo sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho V\u00e1clava) jednotliv\u011b nebo v chum\u00e1\u010dc\u00edch poletuj\u00ed ve v\u011btru.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1me tak\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00fd v\u00fdklad. Ve starov\u011bku a st\u0159edov\u011bku se tento jev vykl\u00e1dal r\u016fzn\u011b, n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdklady byly i velmi obskurn\u00ed. Poprv\u00e9 se o t\u011bchto vl\u00e1knech jako o pavu\u010din\u00e1ch zmi\u0148uj\u00ed angli\u010dt\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i Hulse a Martin Lister kolem roku 1676. A Menge pozoroval za tepl\u00e9ho dne v \u0159\u00edjnu, jak z\u00e1bradl\u00ed mostu bylo pokryto velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm, p\u0159\u00edmo tis\u00edcovkou drobn\u00fdch pavou\u010dk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ichni m\u011bli zade\u010dek zvednut\u00fd do v\u00fd\u0161ky pod \u00fahlem 45 stup\u0148\u016f a vypou\u0161t\u011bli sv\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 pavu\u010dinov\u00e9 vl\u00e1k\u00e9nko proti v\u011btru.<\/p>\n

Lehounk\u00e9 vl\u00e1k\u00e9nko zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 tepl\u00fdm vzduchem placht\u00ed tak dlouho, a\u017e se jeho d\u00e9lka stane nosnou pro pavou\u010dka a pavou\u010dek let\u00ed na sv\u00e9m vl\u00e1k\u00e9nku nesen tepl\u00fdm podzimn\u00edm v\u011btrem. Kr\u00e1sn\u011b to zobrazil Ond\u0159ej Sekora v p\u0159\u00edhod\u00e1ch Ferdy mravence. Takto l\u00e9taj\u00ed pavouci rod\u016f Erigone a Pachygnata, pavouci \u010deledi sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f (Lycosidae) a b\u011b\u017en\u00edk\u016f (Thomisidae). V pr\u016fb\u011bhu letu se pavou\u010dek spust\u00ed po dal\u0161\u00edm vl\u00e1kn\u011b k zemi a let\u00edc\u00ed vl\u00e1k\u00e9nka se spl\u00e9taj\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tlust\u0161\u00ed provazce. Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to je tedy migrace populace pavouk\u016f Anglick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdec Charles Darwin pozoroval na sv\u00e9 lodi Beagle, na n\u00ed\u017e plul kolem sv\u011bta, tis\u00edce mal\u00fdch pavouk\u016f plachtit vzduchem, a to skoro 100 km.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> BAU\u0160E, Bohumil. Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to. In Ott\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd. Praha : J. Otto, 1890. s:Ott\u016fv slovn\u00edk nau\u010dn\u00fd\/Bab\u00ed l\u00e9to D\u00edl 3, s. 11.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u010dera let\u011bl <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":287759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/25\/ram-babi-leto.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234441"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=234441"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":287813,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234441\/revisions\/287813"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/287759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=234441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=234441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=234441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}