{"id":230958,"date":"2023-08-10T19:31:58","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T18:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=230958"},"modified":"2023-08-14T12:22:08","modified_gmt":"2023-08-14T11:22:08","slug":"stara-sumava-tradice-dozinek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=230958","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Tradice do\u017e\u00ednek"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed o do\u017e\u00ednk\u00e1ch<\/em><\/h6>\n

Po poln\u00edch cest\u00e1ch vozy rachot\u011bj,<\/em>
\npod ourodou jen praskaj loukot\u011b.<\/em>
\nVyda\u0159ily se zase letos \u017en\u011b,<\/em>
\nd\u011bkujeme ti, Bo\u017ee, up\u0159imn\u011b.<\/em>
\nZa slunce, de\u0161\u0165 i ka\u017edou hodinu,<\/em>
\nza starosti d\u011bkujem, za d\u0159inu.<\/em>
\nRa\u010d n\u00e1m jen za rok stejnou s\u00edlu d\u00e1t<\/em>
\na ke \u017enim jako letos po\u017eehnat.<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u00e9to je tradi\u010dn\u011b \u010dasem do\u017e\u00ednek, star\u0161\u00ed generace si pod t\u00edmto pojmem p\u0159edstav\u00ed poskliz\u0148ovou lidovou veselici v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hospod\u011b, mlad\u0161\u00ed generace si v lep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159edstav\u00ed v\u00edkendov\u00e9 odpoledne str\u00e1ven\u00e9 ochutn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm region\u00e1ln\u00edch potravin a poslechem p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 hudby, v hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si ov\u0161em nep\u0159edstav\u00ed v\u016fbec nic. Pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky byla sklize\u0148 obil\u00ed jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch okam\u017eik\u016f cel\u00e9ho roku. Na konci \u017en\u00ed se proto v\u017edy po\u0159\u00e1daly velk\u00e9 oslavy, a to zejm\u00e9na tehdy, kdy\u017e byla sklize\u0148 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. Jak tato slavnost vypadala? Kdo, co a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem oslavoval? A slav\u00ed se do\u017e\u00ednky je\u0161t\u011b dnes alespo\u0148 na vesnic\u00edch?<\/h6>\n

Do\u017e\u00ednky pat\u0159\u00ed k nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm slovansk\u00fdm zvyk\u016fm. Proto nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se slavily i u n\u00e1s.
\nV d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch se lid\u00e9 m\u00edsto dovolen\u00e9 obvykle cel\u00e9 l\u00e9to v\u011bnovali pr\u00e1v\u011b sklizni obil\u00ed. Na p\u0159elomu srpna a z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed u\u017e byly obiloviny sklizen\u00e9 a prob\u00edhaly bujar\u00e9 oslavy. Hospod\u00e1\u0159 tak odm\u011b\u0148oval celou svou \u010del\u00e1dku za m\u011bs\u00edce d\u0159iny. Tento zvyk je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch. P\u016fvodn\u00ed Slovan\u00e9 touto dobou p\u0159edpov\u00eddali \u00farodu p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku, uct\u00edvali sochy a ob\u011btovali jim mimo jin\u00e9 medov\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010d. Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sledovala velik\u00e1 hostina. Pozd\u011bji lid\u00e9 z hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed pletli po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 sklizni ohromn\u00e9 v\u011bnce z obiln\u00fdch klas\u016f, stav\u011bli otepi sl\u00e1my do tvaru \u017eensk\u00e9ho t\u011bla nebo v\u00e1zali sl\u00e1mu a klasy na d\u011bv\u010data \u010di chlapce, kte\u0159\u00ed se pak \u00fa\u010dastnili do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n

Nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i do\u017e\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u011bl posledn\u00ed snop. B\u00fdvalo zvykem, \u017ee na posledn\u00ed den \u017en\u00ed se nech\u00e1valo na poli jen tolik obil\u00ed, aby se ve\u0161lo na jeden \u017eeb\u0159i\u0148\u00e1k. D\u011bve\u010dky sv\u00e1zaly z posledn\u00edho obil\u00ed snop klasy nahoru, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edkalo baba, d\u011bdek, \u017eebr\u00e1k \u010di star\u00e1, ozdobily ho poln\u00edm kv\u00edt\u00edm, n\u011bkde na n\u011bj navl\u00e9kly \u017eensk\u00e9 \u010di mu\u017esk\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed a nalo\u017eily na posledn\u00ed \u017e\u0148ov\u00fd \u017eeb\u0159i\u0148\u00e1k, v\u016fz vy\u0161\u0148o\u0159en\u00fd barevn\u00fdmi f\u00e1bory, kv\u011btinami a kyticemi obil\u00ed. Potom se d\u00edvky i s ml\u00e1denci vydali v pr\u016fvodu zvesela a s p\u00edsni\u010dkou na rtech do vsi k hospod\u00e1\u0159i. N\u011bkde nesli ml\u00e1denci kosy, d\u00edvky srpy, jinde \u0161ly v pr\u016fvodu \u017eiv\u00e9 snopy, tedy chasa, kter\u00e1 si na sebe od hlavy po paty nav\u011bsila klasy obil\u00ed a kv\u011bty. Mnohde se u\u017e r\u00e1no na poli za\u010dalo pop\u00edjet a pr\u016fvod doprov\u00e1zela muzika.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed sklizen\u00fd snop m\u011bl ve stodole sv\u00e9 \u010destn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, lid\u00e9 ho pokl\u00e1dali za ducha obil\u00ed a z\u00e1ruku bohat\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed \u00farody. Ml\u00e1tili ho jako \u00fapln\u011b posledn\u00ed, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si ho nechali a\u017e do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch do\u017e\u00ednek. N\u011bkde se kolem n\u011bho nebo s n\u00edm tan\u010dilo, aby byla nap\u0159esrok dobr\u00e1 \u00faroda. K do\u017e\u00ednk\u00e1m pat\u0159ila tak\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e1 cesta z pole, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 byli \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci ozdobeni kv\u011bty a klasy. Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec hr\u00e1l velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou roli tak\u00e9 na V\u00e1noce, kdy se zrna z n\u011bj p\u0159id\u00e1vala do mouky na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed pe\u010divo, sypala se slepic\u00edm, aby hodn\u011b nesly, a krav\u00e1m a koz\u00e1m, aby dob\u0159e dojily. N\u011bkde byl v\u011bnec nezbytnou ozdobou \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edho stolu, aby se v dom\u011b dr\u017eela hojnost a plodnost.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e bylo na poli sklizeno, spletly d\u011bve\u010dky do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec z obil\u00ed, je\u0159\u00e1bu a poln\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f. Pacholek p\u0159ipravil dva s\u00e1hy dlouh\u00fd smr\u010dek, kter\u00fd zdola oloupal. Na v\u011btve p\u0159id\u011blaly d\u011bve\u010dky obr\u00e1zky, pentle a \u0161\u00e1tky. V\u011bnec m\u011bl na klobouku p\u0159ed\u00e1k, smr\u010dek s f\u00e1bory nesl jin\u00fd chlapec. Nechyb\u011bla hudba, housle, nebo dudy. Cestou v\u00fdskali a zp\u00edvali. Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li do vsi, tloukli kameny do vrat a zp\u00edvali pochvaln\u00e9 i posm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pop\u011bvky. Ve\u010der byly v hospod\u011b do\u017e\u00ednky. Jedlo a pilo se do libosti, a\u017e t\u0159eba p\u0159es p\u016flnoc.<\/p>\n

Vesel\u00fd do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd pr\u016fvod se zastavil a\u017e p\u0159ed vraty hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, aby vybran\u00e9 nejhez\u010d\u00ed a nejv\u00fd\u0159e\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u011bv\u010de a nejstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejpracovit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ml\u00e1denec p\u0159edali hospod\u00e1\u0159i s hospodyn\u00ed do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejprve zvolali: Pan\u00edm\u00e1mo zlat\u00e1, otv\u00edrejte vrata, neseme v\u00e1m v\u011bnec ze sam\u00e9ho zlata. Kdy\u017e vy\u0161li, p\u0159evzali v\u011bnec a vyslechli do\u017e\u00ednkovou zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee v\u0161ichni, kdo se \u017en\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnili pracovali ze v\u0161ech sil, \u017ee je obil\u00ed pod st\u0159echou a \u017ee te\u010f maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na odm\u011bnu a odpo\u010dinek p\u0159i p\u00edsni\u010dce a tanci. Statk\u00e1\u0159 se nesm\u011bl nechat zahanbit a \u010dele\u010f ocenil finan\u010dn\u00edm darem a \u0161t\u011bdrou hostinou.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e9ho v\u011bnce definitivn\u011b skon\u010dily \u017en\u011b a mohlo se za\u010d\u00edt slavit. Stoly b\u00fdvaly pln\u00e9 vdolk\u016f, buchet a kol\u00e1\u010d\u016f, peklo se maso a chyb\u011bt samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nemohlo do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e9 pivo a ko\u0159alka. Va\u0159il se tak\u00e9 siln\u00fd hov\u011bz\u00ed v\u00fdvar, kter\u00fd r\u00e1no po oslav\u00e1ch probouzel k \u017eivotu no\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1bavou unaven\u00e9 chasn\u00edky a d\u011bve\u010dky. Jako poz\u016fstatek po pohansk\u00fdch zvyc\u00edch se \u010dasto ob\u011btovaly posledn\u00ed klasy, n\u011bkdy i s chlebem a sol\u00ed. Do obiln\u00fdch v\u011bnc\u016f se vpl\u00e9talo i j\u00eddlo a ponech\u00e1valy se v dom\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159e a\u017e do jara. V 19. stolet\u00ed pat\u0159ila tato tradice k na\u0161im nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed byly do\u017e\u00ednky dokonce politicky podporov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

\u010casem, s p\u0159\u00edchodem v\u00e1lky a velk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f, v\u0161ak tyto zvyklosti opadly a na n\u011bkter\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch se oslavuj\u00ed u\u017e jen v p\u0159enesen\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu. Kde se vlastn\u011b vzaly do\u017e\u00ednky a kde se vzal do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec? Do\u017e\u00ednky jsou podle historick\u00fdch pramen\u016f starou slovanskou tradic\u00ed, kterou na\u0161i p\u0159edci ctili ji\u017e od sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edchodu na historick\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cech a Moravy, tedy n\u011bkdy od za\u010d\u00e1tku 6. stolet\u00ed.
\nZde se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me k symbolu do\u017e\u00ednek, do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00e9mu v\u011bnci, ne n\u00e1hodou m\u00e1 tvar kola. Tak, jako maj\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, pohansk\u00e1 v\u00edra na\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edk\u016f m\u011bla \u201ekolovrat\u201c, symbol kolob\u011bhu p\u0159\u00edrody a \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Tak jako se v na\u0161em podnebn\u00e9m p\u00e1su st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed, tak se v o\u010d\u00edch na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f st\u0159\u00eddalo narozen\u00ed, dosp\u011blost, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a smrt, do kter\u00e9ho vstupovalo zrozen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed generace, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ekolovratu \u017eivota\u201c. Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec tak nejen zobrazuje tuto cyklicitu \u017eivota a p\u0159\u00edrody, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 je p\u0159izdoben klasy a zrnem, symbolem dostatku, kter\u00fd na\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edk\u016fm zaji\u0161\u0165oval, \u017ee kolob\u011bh \u017eivota bude zachov\u00e1n, \u017ee p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed zimu a zplod\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n

Do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec si na\u0161i p\u0159edci uchov\u00e1vali a\u017e do oslavy slunovratu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na 21. prosince, a p\u0159isuzovali mu a\u017e magick\u00e9 vlastnosti zachov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edzn\u011b boh\u016f. V dne\u0161n\u00ed tradici do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fd v\u011bnec do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry nahradil v\u011bnec adventn\u00ed, kter\u00fd symbolizuje p\u0159\u00edchod V\u00e1noc a tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edchod spasitele v podob\u011b novorozen\u011bte, Krista, kter\u00fd je tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159enesen\u011b symbolem zrozen\u00ed a kolob\u011bhu \u017eivota. Zde je jasn\u011b vid\u011bt inkorporace t\u011bchto star\u00fdch tradic do zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 si dnes asociujeme sp\u00ed\u0161e s pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Tak, jako na\u0161i p\u0159edci, kte\u0159\u00ed mnohdy \u010delili mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzni osudu, bychom ale nem\u011bli ztr\u00e1cet v\u00edru v n\u00e1\u0161 vlastn\u00ed selsk\u00fd rozum, kter\u00fd je vlastn\u00ed v\u0161em lidem (v\u0161ichni jsme jednou byli zem\u011bd\u011blci), n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed na to ov\u0161em budou muset p\u0159ij\u00edt a\u017e tehdy, kdy op\u011bt p\u0159ijde nedostatek.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed o do\u017e\u00ednk\u00e1ch – B\u00f6hmerw\u00e4ldler Heimatbrief, 1993, Rosa Tahedlov\u00e1, autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, elektronick\u00e1 verze Ivo Kare\u0161 – Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":284615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/10\/ram-tradice.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230958"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=230958"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":284798,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230958\/revisions\/284798"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/284615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=230958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=230958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=230958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}