{"id":227880,"date":"2025-06-19T19:59:19","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T18:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=227880"},"modified":"2025-06-19T19:59:19","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T18:59:19","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-letni-slunovrat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=227880","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Letn\u00ed slunovrat"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u0160umavsk\u00fd letn\u00ed slunovrat<\/strong>
\nVzpom\u00edn\u00e1\u0161 na to l\u00e9to, na \u010das slunovratu<\/em>
\ntam v na\u0161ich rodn\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, v zemi milovan\u00e9?<\/em>
\nSvatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ohn\u011b, v \u010derni tmy a v zlatu<\/em>
\nbez konce, v p\u00edsni, je\u017e zn\u00edt mi nep\u0159estane?<\/em>
\nBla\u017een\u011b hled\u011bli jsme do plamen\u016f,<\/em>
\n\u0159ad pochodn\u00ed pl\u00e1t sotva zapomenu.<\/em>
\nRadost v srdc\u00edch d\u00e1l \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila sv\u016fj jas:<\/em>
\ntak nen\u00e1vratn\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00fd byl ten \u010das!<\/em><\/p>\n

Z osam\u011bl\u00fdch cest<\/strong>
\n… Je to mohutn\u00fd skaln\u00ed blok, k n\u011bmu\u017e vedou nahoru hrub\u011b p\u0159itesan\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 schody. Naho\u0159e se temeno sk\u00e1ly d\u011bl\u00ed na t\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti, v ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich je pak vyhloubeno \u0161irok\u00e9 sedadlo jako stolice tr\u016fnu. P\u0159i t\u011bch t\u0159ech stolic\u00edch prob\u00edh\u00e1 i troj\u00ed hranice, a to mezi \u010cechami, Bavorskem a Rakouskem. M\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 si o T\u0159\u00edstoli\u010dn\u00edku vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ed d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi a d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi lety tu kolem zu\u0159ila p\u0159edlouh\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a kdy\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159e\u0161la, se\u0161li se tu spole\u010dn\u011b panovn\u00edci \u010cech, Bavor i Rakous a sjednali m\u00edr. Ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem sem od t\u011bch dob tu noc po letn\u00edm slunovratu p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli v\u017edy poznovu, aby se radili o \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed sv\u00fdch poddan\u00fdch. A v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 byli v ten \u010das vesel\u00ed a sm\u011bli j\u00edst a p\u00edt a kou\u0159it, co jen hrdlo r\u00e1\u010d\u00ed a sedl\u00e1ci on\u00e9 noci po letn\u00edm slunovratu tan\u010d\u00ed tu na vrcholu T\u0159\u00edstoli\u010dn\u00edku a\u017e podnes a p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed si tak dobr\u00e9 star\u00e9 \u010dasy. To ne\u017e se zjevila velik\u00e1 kometa a v Praze bylo zalo\u017eeno vlastn\u00ed arcibiskupstv\u00ed; pot\u00e9 u\u017e se ti t\u0159i v\u00e9vodov\u00e9 nikdy k porad\u011b nese\u0161li. T\u0159\u00edstoli\u010dn\u00edk porostl mechem a hadi se h\u0159ej\u00ed p\u0159i jeho boc\u00edch. A\u017e se v\u0161ak ta velik\u00e1 kometa zase vr\u00e1t\u00ed, budou moci i porady t\u011bch t\u0159\u00ed mocn\u00e1\u0159\u016f znova zapo\u010d\u00edt…<\/em><\/p>\n

O slunovratu se oslavovalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm slunce a sv\u011btlo, ale i teplo a letn\u00ed pohlazen\u00ed na du\u0161i. D\u0159\u00edve se slunovrat slavil v ka\u017ed\u00e9 vesnici a v ka\u017ed\u00e9 chalup\u011b, lid\u00e9 se spojovali na nehmotn\u00e9 magick\u00e9 \u00farovni. Spole\u010dn\u011b se radovali, se\u0161li se p\u0159i spiritu\u00e1ln\u00edch a l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech, vzd\u00e1vali hold p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm energi\u00edm. O\u010dek\u00e1vali pro dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed jen to dobr\u00e9, to jim dod\u00e1valo s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

21. \u010dervna je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b den, kdy slunce dos\u00e1hne sv\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pomalu sl\u00e1bnout. Letn\u00edm slunovratem za\u010d\u00ednal \u010das hojnosti, tepla, plodnosti a nad\u011bje v bohatou \u00farodu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak slunce, kter\u00e9 dos\u00e1hlo nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho bodu sv\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, od tohoto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho okam\u017eiku za\u010dalo sl\u00e1bnout. Co\u017e se na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016fm nehodilo. Proto vym\u00fd\u0161leli r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvyky, kter\u00e9 by mu pomohly a dodaly mu jeho n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed s\u00edlu, z n\u00ed\u017e se mohli t\u011b\u0161it a t\u011b\u017eit z n\u00ed i oni.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e1tky v kalend\u00e1\u0159i byly tak\u0159ka bezv\u00fdhradn\u011b ur\u010deny um\u011ble. O skute\u010dn\u00e9m datu narozen\u00ed a \u00famrt\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista se vedou spory, V\u00e1noce by tak klidn\u011b mohly b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u00fanoru a Velikonoce v kv\u011btnu. Nov\u00e9mu roku p\u0159isoudil datum 1. ledna gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1rody slav\u00ed p\u0159elom roku jindy. O dal\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch, jako jsou 1. m\u00e1j nebo Du\u0161i\u010dky, ani nemluv\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ale je jeden sv\u00e1tek, o jeho\u017e na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodla sama p\u0159\u00edroda. Jde o okam\u017eik, kdy Slunce vstupuje do souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Raka, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e t\u00edm dosahuje nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00edho bodu sv\u00e9 pomysln\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem m\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di sv\u011btov\u00e9mu rovn\u00edku nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed deklinaci, st\u00edny v\u0161ech objekt\u016f na severn\u00ed polokouli jsou krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdykoli jindy v roce a pochopiteln\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nejkrat\u0161\u00ed noci. Letn\u00ed slunovrat (v\u011bt\u0161inou 21. \u010dervna) je zkr\u00e1tka Ud\u00e1lost s velk\u00fdm U. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b jej dokonce slav\u00ed jako st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek. \u010cesko bohu\u017eel ne. Ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee si Slunovrat nem\u016f\u017eete u\u017e\u00edt. Nejl\u00e9pe v souladu se star\u00fdmi zvyky a oby\u010deji.<\/p>\n

Snad pro v\u0161echny star\u00e9 civilizace a kultury byly slunovraty d\u016fvodem k oslav\u00e1m. K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 c\u00edrkev se sna\u017eila o vym\u00fdcen\u00ed v\u0161ech pohansk\u00fdch zvyk\u016f, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b u slunovrat\u016f se j\u00ed to neda\u0159ilo. Proto reagovala vytvo\u0159en\u00edm nov\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se se slunovraty term\u00ednov\u011b shodovaly. Letn\u00ed slunovrat se tak zm\u011bnil v oslavu sv\u00e1tku k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho sv\u011btce Jana K\u0159titele a ze zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed oh\u0148\u016f p\u0159i zimn\u00edm slunovratu se stalo zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00ed\u010dek na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edch strome\u010dc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Tyto sv\u00e1tky prov\u00e1z\u00ed jak\u00e1si nepopsateln\u00e1 energie, kterou mnoz\u00ed spojuj\u00ed se silou k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a s p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy dvou v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch kazatel\u016f v\u00edry. Jin\u00ed ale p\u0159ipisuj\u00ed magi\u010dnost okam\u017eiku tomu, \u017ee se pomysln\u011b propojujeme s my\u0161len\u00edm na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. P\u0159edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed Janem K\u0159titelem a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161em Kristem\u2026D\u016fle\u017eitou \u00falohu m\u00e1 voda. Ta o\u010di\u0161\u0165uje ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nejen fyzicky, ale i du\u0161evn\u011b. Traduje se, \u017ee slunovratov\u00e1 koupel v\u00e1m p\u0159id\u00e1 na kr\u00e1se. Proto se doporu\u010duje naj\u00edt b\u011bhem letn\u00edho slunovratu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroj vody \u2013 nikoli tedy sprchu nebo vanu, ale potok, \u0159\u00ed\u010dku nebo stud\u00e1nku \u2013 a d\u016fkladn\u011b se svla\u017eit.<\/p>\n

Klasickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed oslav letn\u00edch slunovrat\u016f jsou ohn\u011b. Ty mus\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ho\u0159et, proto byly zapalov\u00e1ny posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 hranice p\u0159i z\u00e1padu slunce na kopc\u00edch. Kolem men\u0161\u00edch oh\u00fdnk\u016f se pak shlukovali lid\u00e9 na \u00fabo\u010d\u00edch a pod\u00e9l \u0159ek. Po z\u00e1padu slunce p\u0159i\u0161la \u0159ada na odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 sk\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es ohe\u0148, do n\u011bj\u017e se pou\u0161t\u011bli mal\u00ed i velc\u00ed. Ohni byla p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na o\u010distn\u00e1 a obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edla a sk\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011blo chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed nemocemi a zajistit prosperitu a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 post\u00fdlky – Tato svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice byla jak\u00fdmsi letn\u00edm protip\u00f3lem k zimn\u00edmu v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edmu stromku.<\/p>\n

D\u011bti den p\u0159ed svat\u00fdm Janem sb\u00edraly bylinky k usu\u0161en\u00ed a d\u011blaly z nich l\u016f\u017eko, tzv. Svatoj\u00e1nskou post\u00fdlku. Do t\u00e9to post\u00fdlky se vlo\u017eily svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b so\u0161ka sv\u011btce, a pak se postavila ke stolu, kde cel\u00e1 rodina ob\u011bdvala. V tento den m\u011bl chod\u00edvat svat\u00fd Jan po sv\u011bt\u011b a v p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch post\u00fdlk\u00e1ch si mohl v noci odpo\u010dinout. Druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no d\u011bti v post\u00fdlce nach\u00e1zely drobn\u00e9 d\u00e1re\u010dky a pamlsky.<\/p>\n

Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed koupele Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 rose se p\u0159ipisovaly kouzeln\u00e9 a zdrav\u00ed prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Ch\u016fze v rann\u00ed rose p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela sv\u011b\u017eest, jej\u00ed pit\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dilo \u017ealudek a rozpou\u0161t\u011blo \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 kameny. Om\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed rosou omlazovalo a l\u00e9\u010dilo o\u010di. Stejn\u00e9 nebo podobn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky se p\u0159ipisovaly svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vod\u011b. Koup\u00e1n\u00ed ve vod\u011b na svat\u00e9ho Jana slou\u017eilo k o\u010dist\u011b t\u011bla i ducha.<\/p>\n

U ohn\u011b se pochopiteln\u011b tak\u00e9 jedlo. K\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00fd chleb\u00ed\u010dek, jen\u017e se pe\u010de z mouky, m\u00e1sla, vajec, cukru, o\u0159ech\u016f a rozinek. P\u0159idat m\u016f\u017eeme rovn\u011b\u017e mandle, zava\u0159en\u00e9 d\u00fdn\u011b a vanilku. Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00fd chleb\u00ed\u010dek, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji p\u0159est\u011bhoval na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed st\u016fl jako chleb\u00ed\u010dek biskupsk\u00fd. Snad m\u011bl p\u0159ipom\u00ednat svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00fd chl\u00e9b, kter\u00fdm se nejsp\u00ed\u0161e Jan K\u0159titel \u017eivil. Ke chlebu se v\u00fdborn\u011b hod\u00ed dobr\u00e9 v\u00edno, takzvan\u00e1 svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e1 l\u00e1ska, co\u017e je v\u00edno posv\u011bcen\u00e9 v kostele. Jan K\u0159titel by m\u011bl pochopen\u00ed: je toti\u017e patronem nejen tkalc\u016f, krej\u010d\u00edch, ko\u017ee\u0161n\u00edk\u016f a kov\u00e1\u0159\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 vina\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinek v\u0161eho, co roste a kvete, se o letn\u00edm slunovratu mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b zesiluje. L\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 byliny v sob\u011b konzervuj\u00ed s\u00edlu Slunce. A to, jak jsme si ji\u017e \u0159ekli, je o slunovratu na vrcholu sv\u00fdch sil. Kouzlo zlat\u00e9ho kaprad\u00ed a svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 poklady B\u011bhem Svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 noci by se m\u011bly otev\u00edrat sk\u00e1ly a zem\u011b je ochotna vydat n\u011bco ze sv\u00fdch poklad\u016f. K tomu je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba v lese vyhledat zlat\u00e9 kaprad\u00ed a kapradinov\u00fd kv\u011bt, kter\u00fd rozkv\u00e9t\u00e1 kolem p\u016flnoci. Kdo kaprad\u00ed najde, bude obda\u0159en magick\u00fdmi schopnostmi a otev\u0159e se mu i cesta k poklad\u016fm. Nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u0161ak hami\u017en\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee si odn\u00e9st jen tolik, kolik unese. Pokud chce v\u00edc, bude potrest\u00e1n a propadne peklu. P\u0159i p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed v lese v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee na odv\u00e1\u017elivce \u010d\u00edhat mnoho n\u00e1strah. M\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad narazit na bludn\u00fd ko\u0159en, nebo ho mohou bludi\u010dky vl\u00e1kat do ba\u017ein.<\/p>\n

Kaprad\u00ed se p\u0159ipisuje i dal\u0161\u00ed magick\u00e1 moc. Svinut\u00e9 vrcholky mlad\u00e9ho kaprad\u00ed nasb\u00edran\u00e9 o svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 noci nosili ve \u0161kapul\u00ed\u0159i lid\u00e9 na ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi silami. Nasb\u00edran\u00e9 kaprad\u00ed v tento den, kter\u00e9 se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b usu\u0161ilo, se v obdob\u00ed sucha p\u00e1lilo, a tak se p\u0159ivol\u00e1val d\u00e9\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1my, pokud v\u00e1h\u00e1te nad volbou \u017eivotn\u00edho partnera, lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bry v\u00e1m doporu\u010duj\u00ed si o svatoj\u00e1nsk\u00e9 noci uv\u00edt v\u011bne\u010dek z dev\u00edti (n\u011bkter\u00e9 zdroje uv\u00e1d\u00ed ze sedmi) r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch bylin. M\u011bl by b\u00fdt zastoupen he\u0159m\u00e1nek, kopretina, ma\u0159inka vonn\u00e1, t\u0159ezalka, jitrocel nebo m\u00e1ta. Ve snu se v\u00e1m pak bude zd\u00e1t o tom, kdo je va\u0161\u00edm vyvolen\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> \u0160umavsk\u00fd letn\u00ed slunovrat- B\u00f6hmerw\u00e4ldler Jahrbuch 1990, s. 39 Walter, Rudolf Biebl Z osam\u011bl\u00fdch cest. Eine Alltagsgeschichte aus dem B\u00f6hmerwalde Fritz Mauthner, autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, elektronick\u00e1 verze Ivo Kare\u0161 – Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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