{"id":227378,"date":"2024-08-07T18:38:04","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T17:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=227378"},"modified":"2024-08-07T18:46:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T17:46:45","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-hoslovice-a-hoslovicky-mlyn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=227378","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Hoslovice a hoslovick\u00fd ml\u00fdn"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Obec Hoslovice le\u017e\u00ed v p\u0159edh\u016f\u0159\u00ed \u0160umavy v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce kolem 700 metr\u016f. Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka se objevuje v listin\u011b \u0159\u00e1du k\u0159i\u017eovn\u00edk\u016f s \u010dervenou hv\u011bzdou v roce 1352. V minulosti pat\u0159ila k n\u011bm\u010dick\u00e9mu panstv\u00ed (sousedn\u00ed obec N\u011bm\u010dice) a od 18.stolet\u00ed k panstv\u00ed Kraselov-N\u011bm\u010dice, stejn\u011b jako v cel\u00e9 republice se rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u011bm\u010dick\u00e9ho velkostatku uskute\u010dnilo na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20.let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Historicky obec sest\u00e1v\u00e1 z horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, Hoslovic, a z \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159i Hoslovick\u00e9m potoku, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Ve Ml\u00fdnech \u010di Podhoslovi\u010dky. Je\u0161t\u011b v z\u00e1v\u011bru 19. stolet\u00ed se ob\u010das v p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramenech objevil star\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zev Hostlovice.<\/h6>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed a jedine\u010dn\u011b dochovan\u00fd vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdn v \u010cech\u00e1ch je v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti obce. Are\u00e1l tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed ml\u00fdnice s obytnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, chl\u00e9vy s kolnou a stodola, v\u0161e kryt\u00e9 do\u0161kami, rouben\u00e9 \u010di zd\u011bn\u00e9. Pat\u0159\u00ed k n\u011bmu rybn\u00ed\u010dek s n\u00e1honem, sad a louky. V prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zm\u00ednce z roku 1352 je uveden ml\u00fdn, v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b dochovan\u00fd a funk\u010dn\u00ed vodn\u00ed ml\u00fdn v \u010cech\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd se \u0159ad\u00ed k jedine\u010dn\u00fdm doklad\u016fm p\u016fvodn\u00ed technologie, pr\u00e1ce a \u017eivota na mal\u00e9m vodn\u00edm ml\u00fdnu v \u010cech\u00e1ch a ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b od 16. do za\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u011b dolo\u017een\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je z Bern\u00ed ruly z roku 1654. V n\u00ed je uvedeno, \u017ee zde byl \u201eml\u00fdn o jednom kole a 16 strych\u016f pole” a osedl\u00fdm byl Tom\u00e1\u0161 Mlyn\u00e1\u0159. Tuto dataci potvrzuje dendrochronologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum. Stromy, pou\u017eit\u00e9 v konstrukci stropu s\u00fdpky, byly pok\u00e1ceny v letech 1568 a\u017e 1569. Je tedy nepochybn\u00e9, \u017ee ml\u00fdn st\u00e1val v tomto m\u00edst\u011b ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159mi sty lety. Zm\u00ednka o ml\u00fdnu o jednom kole se objevuje pozd\u011bji je\u0161t\u011b v Terezi\u00e1nsk\u00e9m katastru z roku 1748. D\u0159ina, \u00fatisk a osam\u011bn\u00ed. To nen\u00ed idylick\u00fd \u017eivot, kter\u00fd by kdokoliv z n\u00e1s cht\u011bl \u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Minul\u00e9 stolet\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed historie s sebou nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pouze \u00fasp\u011bchy a revoluce, ale tak\u00e9 srdceryvn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch mimo spole\u010dnost. Smutn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00fad\u011bly, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s i p\u0159esto tolik fascinuj\u00ed. Podobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se odehr\u00e1l i v Po\u0161umav\u00ed, v obci Hoslovice, kde poklidn\u011b stoj\u00ed star\u00fd ml\u00fdn o jednom kole. Zde \u017eili a pracovali brat\u0159i Harantov\u00e9. V impozantn\u00edm osudu mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch bratr\u016f objev\u00edme nejen zlobu, \u00fatisk a snahu o poko\u0159en\u00ed ze strany komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady hrdosti, vzdoru a dnes ji\u017e nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 \u0159emesln\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti. Harantov\u00e9 na ml\u00fdn\u011b hospoda\u0159ili ji\u017e sto let, kdy\u017e jim pokojn\u00fd \u017eivot naru\u0161ila druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. V\u011bt\u0161ina vodn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla uzav\u0159ena nacisty a rodina mlela pro cel\u00e9 okol\u00ed na\u010derno a po noc\u00edch. Jako vzdor odm\u00edtli potravinov\u00e9 l\u00edstky i \u0161atenky, neplnili v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky st\u00e1tu, \u017eili samot\u00e1\u0159sky, vyh\u00fdbali se styku s \u00fa\u0159ady a nedbali na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy. \u0158\u00eddili se heslem: \u201eOd nikoho nic nechceme a nikomu nic ned\u00e1me.\u201c Star\u00fd otec Franti\u0161ek zem\u0159el na konci v\u00e1lky a cel\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed s ml\u00fdnem a \u0161estn\u00e1cti hektary pol\u00ed odk\u00e1zal nejmlad\u0161\u00edmu synu Karlovi. Ten si na v\u00fdminku nechal i star\u0161\u00edho bratra Franti\u0161ka.<\/p>\n

S odsunem N\u011bmc\u016f bohu\u017eel nep\u0159i\u0161la o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 svoboda, ale nov\u00e1 hrozba v podob\u011b komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tlak\u016f strany. Prvn\u00ed probl\u00e9m vyvstal, kdy\u017e oba odm\u00edtli vstoupit do JZD a jejich pozemky se ocitly uprost\u0159ed pozemk\u016f dru\u017estevn\u00edch. Komunisti\u010dt\u00ed vyvlast\u0148ovatel\u00e9 obch\u00e1zeli kolem ml\u00fdna ihned po p\u0159evratu. Harantov\u00e9 se k nim chovali, jako by byli vzduch, a nepustili je ani na dv\u016fr. Neust\u00e1le doch\u00e1zelo k r\u016fzn\u00fdm spor\u016fm a tahanic\u00edm. Ke sm\u016fle obou bratr\u016f se do \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f zapojila i STB. Po incidentu s pot\u0159\u00edsn\u011bnou hol\u00ednkou jednoho z \u010dlen\u016f SNB p\u00e1chnouc\u00edm hnojem, a\u0165 u\u017e \u00famysln\u00fdm \u010di nikoliv, byli oba brat\u0159i posl\u00e1ni na 701denn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed k pomocn\u00fdm technick\u00fdm prapor\u016fm do vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho Kom\u00e1rna. B\u011bhem dvoulet\u00e9ho odlou\u010den\u00ed od domova jim JZD vyvlastnilo p\u016fdu a brat\u0159i se vraceli do t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ciz\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Odm\u00edtli n\u00e1hradn\u00ed pozemky a ignorovali vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed. St\u00e1le p\u00e1sli kr\u00e1vy a su\u0161ili seno na sv\u00fdch pol\u00edch, nep\u0159ij\u00edmali po\u0161tovn\u00ed z\u00e1silky, ignorovali \u00fa\u0159ady a k volb\u00e1m nechodili. To si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bol\u0161evick\u00e1 moc nenechala l\u00edbit a brat\u0159i byli op\u011bt zat\u010deni. Proti obvin\u011bn\u00edm za majetkov\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zlo\u010diny odm\u00edtli vypov\u00eddat a cokoliv podepsat. Nakonec je \u00fa\u0159ady prohl\u00e1sily za nesv\u00e9pr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy l\u00e9ka\u0159i nepotvrdili ani nestanovili \u017e\u00e1dnou du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchu.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky t\u011bmto opat\u0159en\u00edm se brat\u0159i st\u00e1le v\u00edce a v\u00edce izolovali od spole\u010dnosti. Odm\u00edtli zaveden\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie a vody. K ob\u017eiv\u011b jim sta\u010dil ml\u00fdn, pole a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Chleba si pekli sami a ze sl\u00e1my vyr\u00e1b\u011bli do\u0161ky na opravu st\u0159echy. Nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pen\u00edze a nikdy nechodili do obchodu. Jen petrolej na sv\u00edcen\u00ed a s\u016fl dost\u00e1vali od zn\u00e1m\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. To jedin\u00e9 si toti\u017e nedok\u00e1zali vyrobit sami. Kdy\u017e bylo pot\u0159eba, dok\u00e1zali si opravit opot\u0159ebovanou h\u0159\u00eddel ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho kola jen s pomoc\u00ed dl\u00e1ta a sekyry. Nepou\u017e\u00edvali ani h\u0159eb\u00edky, v\u0161e nahradili kol\u00edky. Obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak bylo starat se o ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b trouchniv\u011blo a \u010dasem se \u00fapln\u011b zastavilo. Nyn\u00ed ji\u017e byli brat\u0159i z\u00e1visl\u00ed na pomoci druh\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b d\u00edky ve\u0161ker\u00e9mu odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed se od spole\u010dnosti a v\u0161ech technick\u00fdch vymo\u017eenost\u00ed uchovali n\u00e1m posledn\u00ed Harantov\u00e9 ml\u00fdn v autentick\u00e9 podob\u011b t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let. V roce 1982 um\u00edr\u00e1 prvn\u00ed z bratr\u016f Franti\u0161ek. Po jeho smrti soud ustanovil Karlovi opatrovn\u00edka, jeho synovce. Ten sv\u00e9mu str\u00fdci za\u0159\u00eddil soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fchod 775 korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Nikdy mu to v\u0161ak ne\u0159ekl. Karel by si pen\u00edze od st\u00e1tu toti\u017e nevzal. Nakupoval mu jen j\u00eddlo a pot\u0159eby do dom\u00e1cnosti. Spoustu v\u011bc\u00ed si Karel st\u00e1le dok\u00e1zal obhospoda\u0159it s\u00e1m. A\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti byl zcela sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00fd. Zem\u0159el v roce 2004 ve v\u011bku 86 let.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky rychl\u00e9 reakci Jiho\u010desk\u00fd kraj 1. b\u0159ezna 2005 odkoupil tuto jedine\u010dnou technickou pam\u00e1tku a p\u0159edal ji do spr\u00e1vy Muzea st\u0159edn\u00edho Pootav\u00ed Strakonice, kter\u00e9 je j\u00edm z\u0159izov\u00e1no. Ihned se p\u0159e\u0161lo k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 rekonstrukci a prvn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci si mohli ml\u00fdn prohl\u00e9dnout v roce 2008. Historie tu nen\u00ed zav\u0159ena za sklem a ohrani\u010dena p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi provazy. Nejsme zde jen div\u00e1ky. Naopak vstupujeme do historie a nech\u00e1v\u00e1me se j\u00ed un\u00e1\u0161et. Po dvorku st\u00e1le b\u011bh\u00e1 koza, kr\u00e1l\u00edci pokojn\u011b p\u0159e\u017evykuj\u00ed seno, voda nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na lopatky ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho kola, v mal\u00e9 zahr\u00e1dce kvete \u0159e\u0159icha a von\u00ed bylinky, kamna ve sv\u011btnici jsou roztopen\u00e1, na plotn\u011b se v hrnci va\u0159\u00ed pol\u00e9vka, na z\u00e1humenku dozr\u00e1v\u00e1 obil\u00ed a mlyn\u00e1\u0159 si p\u0159ipravuje vachlici.<\/p>\n

Jak se \u017eilo na vesnici, m\u016f\u017eete za\u017e\u00edt i vy, kdy\u017e nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00edte Hoslovice. Hoslovick\u00fd ml\u00fdn si zahr\u00e1l i v poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch \u2013 nap\u0159. V poh\u00e1dce Jana Sv\u011br\u00e1ka T\u0159i brat\u0159i a v poh\u00e1dce Kouzla kr\u00e1l\u016f Zde\u0148ka Zelenky.<\/p>\n

A je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9 pov\u011bsti<\/strong>: Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 a sv\u011bt\u00fdlka. Jednou jel jeden sedl\u00e1k do podhoslovick\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna seml\u00edt mouku. Bylo to vpodve\u010der a p\u0159i potoce se mu zjevil roj sv\u011bt\u00e9lek. Tan\u010dila kolem n\u011bj, potom hup nahoru a n\u00e1hle bylo na voze jako ve dne. Po chvilce za\u010daly kr\u00e1vy v tahu pl\u00e9st nohama, jako by vezly kamen\u00ed. Mu\u017e se za\u010dal modlit, ale to nepom\u00e1halo. Proto se dal vztekle do klen\u00ed. Kr\u00e1vy se spla\u0161ily a v\u0161echna sv\u011bt\u00e9lka popadala z vozu. A v ml\u00fdn\u011b sotva zastavil<\/em>. \u010carovn\u00e1 mu\u0161le. P\u0159ed nemnoha lety se v hoslovick\u00e9 kapli uchov\u00e1vala zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed trubka. Byla ud\u011bl\u00e1na z mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ulity s voskem p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00fdm n\u00e1trubkem. Byla jistojist\u011b z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e1, nebo\u0165 sv\u00fdm zvukem zah\u00e1n\u011bla bou\u0159kov\u00e1 mra\u010dna. Nikdo se j\u00ed nesm\u011bl dotknout hol\u00fdma rukama, nebo\u0165 by ztratila svou divotvornou moc. Proto musela b\u00fdt obalena p\u0159i trouben\u00ed \u0161\u00e1tkem. Pr\u00fd kdysi d\u00e1vno spadla na louku u Hoslovic spolu s mlhou.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 a sv\u011bt\u00fdlka – Poz\u016fstalost Adolfa Da\u0148ka, SOkA Strakonice, \u010carovn\u00e1 mu\u0161le – J. V. Hora in Proch\u00e1zky po \u0161koln\u00edch okresech Strakonick\u00e9m a Su\u0161ick\u00e9m 1894, https:\/\/www.muzeum-st.cz\/cs\/mlyn-hoslovice\/<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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