{"id":225334,"date":"2024-06-26T17:40:18","date_gmt":"2024-06-26T16:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=225334"},"modified":"2024-06-26T17:40:18","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T16:40:18","slug":"stara-sumava-stachovska-kralovacka-rychta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=225334","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Stachovsk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lov\u00e1ck\u00e1 rychta"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Hvozd, toliko co les, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hust\u00fd a rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd. Hvozd kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd naz\u00fdv\u00e1me posud nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st vlastn\u00ed \u0160umavy, kter\u00e1 se pod\u00e9l hranic bavorsk\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u011b od Kvild okresem Ka\u0161perskohorsk\u00fdm, Su\u0161ick\u00fdm a N\u00fdrsk\u00fdm t\u00e1hne, jeho\u017e severn\u00ed pata v pr\u016fsmyku Kdy\u0148sk\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 a k nejmalebn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm krajin\u00e1m \u0160umavy n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Obyvatel\u016fm t\u00e9to krajiny byla ji\u017e v prvn\u00ed polovici XI. stolet\u00ed obrana hranic \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b proti Bavor\u016fm sv\u011b\u0159ena, a za tuto slu\u017ebu se jim v\u0161elik\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a privilegi\u00ed od kn\u00ed\u017eat a kr\u00e1l\u016f \u010cesk\u00fdch dostalo. Kn\u00ed\u017ee B\u0159etislav I. byl mezi panovn\u00edky \u010desk\u00fdmi jeden z nejprvn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00fd roku 1041 obyvatele kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho Hvozdu za prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 jemu v\u011brn\u00e9 slu\u017eby proti c\u00edsa\u0159i Jind\u0159ichu III. zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpisem od placen\u00ed dan\u00ed a poplatk\u016f osvobodil a jim t\u00e9 v\u00fdhody poskytnul, \u017ee oni a jich potomkov\u00e9 na v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dasy nikomu \u00farok platiti nem\u011bli.<\/p>\n

Tato pr\u00e1va a privilegia postupem \u010dasu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b se obmezila, pon\u011bvad\u017e obyvatel\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho Hvozdu, jen\u017e se svobodn\u00edci kr\u00e1lov\u0161t\u00ed aneb kr\u00e1lov\u00e1ci naz\u00fdvali, pozd\u011bji jist\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 poplatky do komory kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 v Praze odv\u00e1d\u011bti musili. Mezi v\u00fdsadami t\u011bchto kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch svobodn\u00edk\u016f slu\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b jmenovati tu, \u017ee sob\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00e9 svobody ob\u010dansk\u00e9 ze sv\u00e9ho st\u0159edu n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka pod n\u00e1zvem hejtmana voliti mohli, kter\u00fd p\u0159i nastoupen\u00ed tohoto \u00fa\u0159adu p\u0159\u00edsahati musil, \u017ee pr\u00e1va a kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 privilegia svobodn\u00edk\u016f dle sv\u00fdch sil h\u00e1jiti a chr\u00e1niti bude. Tento hejtman vykon\u00e1val a\u017e do \u010dasu b\u011blohorsk\u00e9 bitvy jm\u00e9nem v\u0161ech svobodn\u00edk\u016f pr\u00e1va jim jako ka\u017ed\u00e9 jin\u00e9 vrchnosti n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd Hvozd m\u011bl a mohl vykon\u00e1vati v\u0161echny regalie jako ka\u017ed\u00e9 dominium jmenovit\u011b: pr\u00e1vo va\u0159en\u00ed piva a p\u00e1len\u00ed ko\u0159alky, svobodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo \u0161enku a odb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed piva odkudkoliv, pr\u00e1vo honby a ryba\u0159en\u00ed. Hejtman pozd\u011bji per abusum vrchn\u00ed rycht\u00e1\u0159 jmenovan\u00fd, d\u00e1val jm\u00e9nem cel\u00e9ho Hvozdu povolen\u00ed k veden\u00ed \u017eivnost\u00ed a vedl pak tak\u00e9 cel\u00e9 politick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159adov\u00e1n\u00ed. Rycht\u00e1\u0159i vyd\u00e1vali doklad o pobytu, domovsk\u00fd list, kter\u00fd m\u011bl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro povolen\u00ed svatby chud\u00fdm a nemajetn\u00fdm snoubenc\u016fm.<\/p>\n

A\u017e do roku 1848 nemohli lid\u00e9 z poddansk\u00fdch vs\u00ed ve vnitrozem\u00ed uzav\u00edrat svatbu bez povolen\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 vrchnosti. Pro chud\u00e9 snoubence bez vlastn\u00edho domova bylo z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho povolen\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, nejednou nemo\u017en\u00e9. Povolen\u00edm svatby se toti\u017e potvrzovala sou\u010dasn\u011b domovsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost snoubenc\u016f a pro obec t\u00edm vznikla povinnost, postarat se o n\u011b v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chudoby. Toto velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 vrchnostensk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo povolovat svatbu m\u011bl tak\u00e9 vrchn\u00ed rycht\u00e1\u0159 kr\u00e1lov\u00e1ck\u00fdch rychet. Podm\u00ednkou povolen\u00ed svatby bylo, aby snoubence p\u0159ijal a p\u0159isl\u00edbil jim \u010deled\u00ednsk\u00fd byt n\u011bjak\u00fd sedl\u00e1k kr\u00e1lov\u00e1ck\u00e9 rychty. Pak \u0161li v\u0161ichni k vrchn\u00edmu rycht\u00e1\u0159i a ten jim za m\u00edrn\u00fd poplatek vystavil potvrzen\u00ed, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b pak mohli b\u00fdt kdekoli odd\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n

Stalo-li se pak, \u017ee se po \u010dase tito man\u017eel\u00e9, t\u0159eba v\u010detn\u011b sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, vr\u00e1tili jako chud\u00ed a bez p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed do rychty, poslal je vrchn\u00ed rycht\u00e1\u0159 k tomu sedl\u00e1kovi, kter\u00fd jim pomohl ke svatebn\u00edmu povolen\u00ed. Sedl\u00e1k se pak o n\u011b musel postarat. V\u011bt\u0161inou je p\u0159ijal za \u010deled\u00edna a slu\u017eku. Aby se vlk na\u017eral a koza z\u016fstala cel\u00e1, postupovali m\u00edstn\u00ed rycht\u00e1\u0159i tak, \u017ee potvrzen\u00edm bydli\u0161t\u011b umo\u017enili chud\u00fdm snoubenc\u016fm svatbu, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b si od nich nechali podepsat prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee si ned\u011blaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na byt, \u017ee si ho zajist\u00ed sami.<\/p>\n

Pro svatebn\u00ed povolen\u00ed si na kr\u00e1lov\u00e1ck\u00e9 rychty chodili i chud\u00ed snoubenci ze sousedn\u00edho Bavorska, kde bylo z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho potvrzen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. K povinnostem a pr\u00e1v\u016fm vrchn\u00edho rycht\u00e1\u0159e pat\u0159ila tak\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de o po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, zejm\u00e9na technick\u00fd stav kom\u00edn\u016f, p\u00e9\u010de o cesty a ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd odvod branc\u016f. Nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem, vlastn\u011b posl\u00e1n\u00edm vrchn\u00edho rycht\u00e1\u0159e Hvozdu ale byla obrana pr\u00e1v a svobod Kr\u00e1lov\u00e1k\u016f p\u0159ed \u00fatoky vrchnosti. 250 rok\u016f dlouh\u00fd nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd boj tvo\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00ed osu historie t\u011bchto sv\u00e9r\u00e1zn\u00fdch obyvatel star\u00e9 \u0160umavy. Neust\u00e1vali v n\u011bm ani v nejbeznad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dasech t\u0159icetilet\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Jejich vytrvalost, moudrost a state\u010dnost dos\u00e1hla toho, \u017ee sv\u00e1 star\u00e1, nepsan\u00e1 pr\u00e1va mohli postupn\u011b op\u0159\u00edt o c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 privilegia a p\u0159es odpor sv\u00fdch z\u00e1stavn\u00edch a pozd\u011bji dokonce d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016f dos\u00e1hli posl\u00e9ze \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edho titulu Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 svobodn\u00e9 rychty Waldhvozdsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdnos ze 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1848, kter\u00fd sedl\u00e1ky cel\u00e9 rakousk\u00e9 monarchie zbavil poddanstv\u00ed i vrchnosti, zbavil sou\u010dasn\u011b Kr\u00e1lov\u00e1ky jejich privilegovan\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed, pr\u00e1v a svobod a postavil je na \u00farove\u0148 ostatn\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f. Do t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 situace se nemohli dlouho vpravit a je\u0161t\u011b celou \u0159adu let pot\u00e9 se pokou\u0161eli obnovit svoje d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postaven\u00ed intervencemi u vl\u00e1dy. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed su\u0161ick\u00fd starosta dr. Gabriel, kter\u00fd situaci sledoval a byl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den o naprost\u00e9 beznad\u011bjnosti a ne\u00fa\u010delnosti takov\u00fdch snah, vydal v roce 1864 spisek “Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd Hvozd”, jak\u00fdsi p\u0159ehled historie kr\u00e1lov\u00e1ck\u00fdch rychet v\u010detn\u011b velice cenn\u00e9ho m\u00edstopisu. V z\u00e1v\u011bru p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 Kr\u00e1lov\u00e1k\u016fm realistick\u00fd pohled do budoucnosti. P\u00ed\u0161e v n\u011bm: “Pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd Hvozd ji\u017e p\u0159ipadlo pouze historii. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poddansk\u00e9 rychty Hvozdu jsou dnes svobodn\u00e9 obce, svobodn\u00ed sedl\u00e1ci Hvozdu svobodn\u00fdmi ob\u010dany st\u00e1tu, kte\u0159\u00ed, kdy\u017e jednou zapustili sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v \u010cech\u00e1ch a za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed skl\u00edzet prv\u00e9 ovoce, nemaj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fvod p\u0159\u00e1t si n\u00e1vrat sv\u00e9ho d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, tzv. privilegovan\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Mat\u011bj \u0160trobl, posledn\u00ed stachovsk\u00fd rycht\u00e1\u0159, a kdy\u017e byly rychty zru\u0161eny, v roce 1848 se stal prvn\u00edm sta\u0161sk\u00fdm starostou. Pr\u00e1v\u011b z titulu t\u00e9to funkce se zaslou\u017eil o povolen\u00ed konat v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed trhy ve Stach\u00e1ch. Byl pokrokov\u00fd, vys\u00e1zel stromo\u0159ad\u00ed p\u0159i \u201estar\u00e9 silnici\u201c ke Zd\u00edkovci, dbal na to, aby stachov\u0161t\u00ed kolem sv\u00fdch dom\u016f vysazovali ovocn\u00e9 stromy, pozval do Stach zku\u0161en\u00e9ho sada\u0159e. Vys\u00e1zel \u201eB\u0159ezinu\u201c, zalo\u017eil \u017divnostensk\u00fd spolek, kter\u00fd sdru\u017eoval lidi a poskytoval jim r\u016fzn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu, nebo\u0165 ve Stach\u00e1ch mnoho lid\u00ed vlastnilo \u017eivnost, a\u0165 ji\u017e \u0159emeslnou nebo obchodn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Za p\u016fsoben\u00ed Mat\u011bje \u0160trobla se stav\u011bl nov\u00fd kostel. Rod \u0160trobl\u016f poch\u00e1zel z rakousk\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka Strobl. V prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed se jako prvn\u00ed z osadn\u00edk\u016f usadil v dne\u0161n\u00edm Jirkalov\u011b, usedlost \u010d. p. 60. Po chalup\u011b se zde \u0159\u00edkalo u Jirkal\u016f. Prvn\u00edm osadn\u00edkem byl Ji\u0159\u00ed, podle n\u011bj se tedy naz\u00fdv\u00e1 cel\u00e1 osada Jirkalov. Ji\u0159\u00ed zalo\u017eil prvn\u00ed dv\u016fr v t\u00e9to osad\u011b, n\u011bmecky Hof, po\u010de\u0161t\u011bno na Jirkalov. Byl \u010dlov\u011bkem pohostinn\u00fdm, na sv\u00e9m grunt\u011b \u201e Kov\u00e1\u0159ovic mlejn\u011b\u201c hostil p\u0159\u00e1tele, v\u011bt\u0161inou spolu\u017e\u00e1ky sv\u00e9 dcery Barbory, kter\u00e1 studovala v Praze na francouzsk\u00e9m lyceu. Do ml\u00fdna tak\u00e9 zav\u00edtal \u0161umavsk\u00fd spisovatel Karel Klostermann, popov\u00eddat si p\u0159i\u0161el i sb\u011bratel lidov\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00ed pan Weiss.<\/p>\n

A je\u0161t\u011b pov\u011bst: Rozmarn\u00ed lid\u00e9 stachov\u0161t\u00ed. R\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u011bci pov\u00eddali p\u0159espoln\u00ed o obyvatel\u00edch Stach. Pr\u00fd provozuj\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd obchod s d\u0159ev\u00e1ky, skleni\u010dkami, m\u011bcha\u010dkami a maj\u00ed patent i na necky a \u0161indele. Kdy\u017e b\u00fdvalo hodn\u011b d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, Stach\u00e1ci d\u011blali \u0161indel \u0161irok\u00fd. Jak ubylo les\u016f, jejich v\u00fdrobky pr\u00fd ze\u0161t\u00edhlely. Dnes se vejdou do huby dokonce t\u0159i \u0161indele. A maj\u00ed ve vsi moc ostr\u00e9 \u017eeny, co maj\u00ed vy\u0159\u00eddilky jako b\u0159itvu. Je l\u00e9pe dostat Sta\u0161ku bez gro\u0161e, ne\u017e Bran\u010dova\u010dku s p\u011bti korci pol\u00ed a hodn\u011b velk\u00fdm paloukem.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Primus Sobotka, Kratochviln\u00e9 historie m\u011bst a m\u00edst zem\u00ed koruny \u010desk\u00e9 1884,<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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  Hvozd, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":312366,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/26\/ram-rychta.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225334"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=225334"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312365,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225334\/revisions\/312365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/312366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=225334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=225334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=225334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}