{"id":216993,"date":"2023-03-02T22:15:42","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T21:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=216993"},"modified":"2023-03-02T22:17:20","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T21:17:20","slug":"stara-sumava-breznove-rozjimani-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=216993","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: B\u0159eznov\u00e9 rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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B\u0159ezen<\/h6>\n

Na na\u0161\u00ed studni r\u00e1no hv\u00edzdal kos.<\/em>
\nJde jaro, jde jaro.<\/em>
\nA kdy\u017e jsem okno na sad otv\u00edral, \u0161eptaly pukaj\u00edc\u00ed pupeny:<\/em>
\nJde jaro, jde jaro.<\/em>
\nBez chv\u011bje se a hru\u0161n\u011b \u010dekaj\u00ed.<\/em>
\nJde jaro, jde jaro.<\/em>
\nZas nov\u00fdm t\u0159pytem rozkv\u00e9t\u00e1 ti vlas<\/em>
\na nov\u00fdch kov\u016f napil se tv\u016fj sm\u00edch.<\/em>
\nJde jaro, jde jaro.<\/em>
\nBo\u017ee m\u016fj,<\/em>
\nobnoviteli, obroditeli,<\/em>
\nna srdce v sn\u011bhu pamatuj.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jaro je kouzeln\u00edk, kter\u00fd \u010daruje teplem slunce a pestrost\u00ed barev. Na ja\u0159e m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat z\u00e1zraky, kter\u00e9 se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b d\u011bj\u00ed. Zima vyskakuje jako vztekl\u00fd ps\u00ed\u010dek a sna\u017e\u00ed se je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco pro sebe ukousnout. Sn\u00edh zmiz\u00ed a najednou je r\u00e1no zase b\u00edlo. Ale jaro mus\u00ed zv\u00edt\u011bzit, v\u017edy\u0165 by n\u00e1m u\u017e pomalu do\u0161el optimismus.<\/h6>\n

Sta\u0159\u00ed Slovan\u00e9 slavili s p\u0159\u00edchodem m\u011bs\u00edce b\u0159ezna nov\u00fd rok. P\u0159\u00edchod jara s jarn\u00ed rovnodennost\u00ed byl symbolem nov\u00e9ho plodn\u00e9ho \u017eivota po dlouh\u00e9 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zim\u011b.<\/p>\n

B\u0159ezen je jedn\u00edm z nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v roce. Pomalu se lou\u010d\u00edme se zimou a v\u00edt\u00e1me jaro. Tradice n\u00e1m v tomto m\u011bs\u00edci vel\u00ed neradovat se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 z nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho jara. Vl\u00e1da zimy b\u00fdv\u00e1 v tuto dobu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e1, a proto na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkali: \u201eB\u0159ezen, za kamna vlezem.\u201c Dny se prodlu\u017euj\u00ed, noci jsou st\u00e1le krat\u0161\u00ed, teploty p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a slun\u00ed\u010dko se na obloze objevuje \u010dast\u011bji a tak\u00e9 intenzivn\u011bji h\u0159eje. Generace p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi, je\u0161t\u011b v p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch, vn\u00edmaly b\u0159ezen jako m\u011bs\u00edc v\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchod jara a symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed probouzen\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edrody po dlouh\u00e9m a leniv\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv ve\u010dery jsou st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 a chladn\u00e9, r\u00e1no m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat znateln\u00e9 zkracov\u00e1n\u00ed no\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed Jaro u\u017e klepe na dve\u0159e, sn\u00edh n\u00e1s opou\u0161t\u00ed i ve v\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00fdch oblastech, de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 kapky zkr\u00e1p\u011bj\u00ed zemi. Prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed den u\u017e je opravdu za rohem a p\u0159\u00edroda se pomalu probouz\u00ed. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das ji nav\u0161t\u00edvit a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit se na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di, co v\u0161echno v jej\u00edm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme v b\u0159eznu potkat. Jakmile sn\u011b\u017eenky, krokusy a bledule za\u010dnou vykukovat na slun\u00ed\u010dko, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jaro u\u017e daleko. Jaro u\u017e m\u00e1 v b\u0159eznu zelenou, zima se v\u0161ak sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy nevzd\u00e1v\u00e1 snadno.<\/p>\n

Velmi \u010dasto spust\u00ed v b\u0159eznu tak siln\u00e9 sn\u011bhov\u00e9 p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148ky, \u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed i ke kalamit\u00e1m. Podle statistik se siln\u00e1 sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed v b\u0159eznu objevuj\u00ed daleko \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e v listopadu \u010di prosinci. Na p\u0159elomu m\u011bs\u00edce \u010dasto p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed tzv. \u0158eho\u0159sk\u00e1 zima, kter\u00e1 s sebou p\u0159inese p\u0159\u00edliv chladn\u00e9ho vzduchu ze severu. Ov\u0161em koncem m\u011bs\u00edce nen\u00ed jaro ji\u017e k zadr\u017een\u00ed. Po \u0158eho\u0159sk\u00e9 zim\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed oteplen\u00ed a trval\u00e9 jaro \u2013 zpravidla na Josefa.<\/p>\n

Jarn\u00ed orba byla kdysi v tomto obdob\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010dinnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee ovliv\u0148ovala budouc\u00ed \u00farodu. Z\u0159ejm\u011b i proto byly s prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed orbou spjaty lidov\u00e9 zvyky a ritu\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly pomoci zajistit co nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnosy. P\u0159ed prvn\u00ed vyoranou br\u00e1zdou se tehdy ta\u017en\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata a lid\u00e9 kropili sv\u011bcenou vodou a p\u0159ij\u00edmali od kn\u011bze po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159ed orbou na poli hospod\u00e1\u0159 je\u0161t\u011b pok\u0159i\u017eoval pole a se slovy \u201cve jm\u00e9nu bo\u017e\u00edm\u201d zapo\u010dal orbu. Obdobn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly se prov\u00e1d\u011bly i p\u0159i ukon\u010den\u00ed orby, nebo na po\u010d\u00e1tku a konci nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch prac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed orb\u011b p\u0159edch\u00e1zela \u201e\u0159eho\u0159sk\u00e1 koleda\u201c, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch vesnic\u00edch na Klatovsku. V obdob\u00ed od sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Bla\u017eeje 3. \u00fanora do sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho \u0158eho\u0159e 12. b\u0159ezna chodili po vesnic\u00edch chlapci s velkou pap\u00edrovou \u010depic\u00ed s kohout\u00edm p\u00e9rem, p\u00e1skem kolem bok\u016f a d\u0159ev\u011bnou \u0161avl\u00ed. Jeden z chlapc\u016f se obl\u00e9kl do \u0161at\u016f po\u0161it\u00fdch sl\u00e1mou a na obli\u010dej si vzal masku. Mlad\u00edci chodili po v\u0161ech usedlostech, pop\u0159\u00e1li hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016fm zdar p\u0159i jarn\u00edch prac\u00edch, zatancovali a zazp\u00edvali. Za to dost\u00e1vali koledu, s n\u00ed\u017e pak \u0161li do hospody, kde si dary rovn\u00fdm d\u00edlem rozd\u011blili. Jedin\u011b tak bylo p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9 \u00farody po\u017eehn\u00e1no. Ve\u010der propukla tzv. \u201eOrn\u00e1 z\u00e1bava\u201c, kter\u00e1 obvykle trvala a\u017e do r\u00e1na. K vesel\u00ed chlapci p\u0159izvali nejen d\u00edvky, ale \u010dasto i hospod\u00e1\u0159e a hospodyn\u011b. Kdy\u017e pak r\u00e1no sedl\u00e1ci \u010di pacholci vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli poprv\u00e9 orat, b\u00fdvaly na p\u016fd\u011b nebo za vraty schov\u00e1ny \u017eeny s po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdmi v\u011bdry vody. Mu\u017ee ne\u010dekan\u011b polily vodou, aby procitli ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku a byli po cel\u00fd rok zdrav\u00ed a pln\u00ed sv\u011b\u017eesti. Stejnou m\u011brou opl\u00e1celi mu\u017ei hospodyn\u00edm a d\u011bve\u010dk\u00e1m, kdy\u017e \u0161ly prvn\u011b v roce, t\u0159eba a\u017e v dubnu, na tr\u00e1vu. Koledov\u00e1n\u00ed a pol\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed vodou vlastn\u011b slou\u017eilo jako jak\u00fdsi tr\u00e9nink p\u0159ed koledou Velikono\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bez \u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed se neobe\u0161la ani setba, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b koncem 19. stolet\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b – tedy rozhazov\u00e1n\u00edm z plachty, pov\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 na rameni a p\u0159idr\u017eovan\u00e9 jednou rukou, T\u00e9to placht\u011b se \u0159\u00edkalo rozs\u00edvka a na mnoha m\u00edstech b\u00fdvala i sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdrove\u010dern\u00edho stolu, co\u017e byl prvn\u00ed magick\u00fd \u00fakon, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zajistit dobrou \u00farodu. Druh\u00fd rovn\u011b\u017e souvisel s V\u00e1nocemi – do osiva se d\u00e1vala zrna, po\u017eehnan\u00e1 v kostele na sv\u00e1tek sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na. P\u0159ed vlastn\u00edm set\u00ed se pak zrno nejprve p\u0159e\u017eehnalo a pokropilo sv\u011bcenou vodou a prvn\u00ed hrst osiva rozhodila na pole do tvaru k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. S\u00edt se m\u011blo ve dnech, kdy m\u011bs\u00edc dor\u016fstal – to platilo hlavn\u011b pro obil\u00ed a len. A nakonec, kdy\u017e bylo pole oseto, obe\u0161lo se kolem dokola – co\u017e souviselo s v\u00edrou v magickou ochrannou moc kruhu.<\/p>\n

S b\u0159eznem byly \u00fazce spjaty i dal\u0161\u00ed dva zvyky, kter\u00e9 kupodivu st\u00e1le p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jsou dnes poj\u00edm\u00e1ny jako z\u00e1bava – vyn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed smrti a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed l\u00e9ta. Oba ritu\u00e1ly maj\u00ed naprosto \u010ditelnou symboliku a sv\u00fdm charakterem zcela z\u0159eteln\u011b sahaj\u00ed do prav\u011bk\u00fdch, p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob. P\u0159\u00edroda ale p\u0159\u00edchod jara bezpe\u010dn\u011b pozn\u00e1, i kdy\u017e nesleduje televizn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed. Ko\u010di\u010dky rozkvetou ve spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das, \u010d\u00e1pi v\u011bd\u00ed, kdy se maj\u00ed vr\u00e1tit, nakonec i meteorologov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edchod prvn\u00edch tepl\u00fdch dn\u016f obvykle t\u00fdden dop\u0159edu ozn\u00e1m\u00ed. Zn\u00e1mky, kter\u00e9 zv\u011bstuj\u00ed jeho p\u0159\u00edchod, je v\u0161ak obvykle mo\u017eno nal\u00e9zt u\u017e n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159edt\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Od p\u0159elomu \u00fanora a b\u0159ezna n\u00e1m n\u011bkter\u00e9 ran\u00e9 kv\u011btiny p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee se u\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme za\u010d\u00edt t\u011b\u0161it na p\u0159\u00edchod jara. Po dlouh\u00fdch, chladn\u00fdch a tmav\u00fdch zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed jaro do p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sv\u011bta nov\u00fd \u017eivot. Dny se prodlu\u017euj\u00ed, kv\u011btiny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed rozkv\u00e9tat, stromy a ke\u0159e maj\u00ed znovu v\u00fdhonky a zv\u00ed\u0159ata se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed probouzet ze zimn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku. I kdy\u017e na to dnes mnohdy kv\u016fli p\u0159ehr\u0161li v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed zapom\u00edn\u00e1me, jsme po\u0159\u00e1d sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a je velmi p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 sledovat, jak se po obdob\u00ed chladu a sp\u00e1nku znovu probouz\u00ed k \u017eivotu.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> M\u011bs\u00edce B\u0159ezen – Karel Toman<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  B\u0159ezen <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":274294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/02\/ram-brezen.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216993"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=216993"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":274296,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216993\/revisions\/274296"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/274294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=216993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=216993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=216993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}