{"id":215294,"date":"2021-02-08T09:59:14","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T08:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=215294"},"modified":"2021-02-08T09:59:14","modified_gmt":"2021-02-08T08:59:14","slug":"dtest-na-co-si-dat-pozor-pri-sjednavani-najmu-bytu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=215294","title":{"rendered":"dTest: Na co si d\u00e1t pozor p\u0159i sjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jmu bytu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee nebo chce bydlet takzvan\u011b ve sv\u00e9m. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00edho bydlen\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eete zeptat sv\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch, proj\u00edt si inzer\u00e1ty pronaj\u00edmatel\u016f zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 na r\u016fzn\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch nebo se obr\u00e1tit na realitn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159. V\u0161echny zp\u016fsoby maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody i nev\u00fdhody. V\u017edy ale m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee se nevypl\u00e1c\u00ed podce\u0148ovat obsah n\u00e1jemn\u00ed smlouvy \u010di seps\u00e1n\u00ed protokolu o p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed bytu.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Mnoh\u00fdm n\u00e1jemc\u016fm vyhovuje, \u017ee p\u0159i sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jmu p\u0159es realitn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 pouze podep\u00ed\u0161ou p\u0159edlo\u017eenou n\u00e1jemn\u00ed smlouvu a o nic dal\u0161\u00edho se nemusej\u00ed starat. Ov\u0161em i zde plat\u00ed, \u017ee je t\u0159eba si p\u0159ed podpisem smlouvu d\u016fkladn\u011b prostudovat. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1jemci se nav\u00edc p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed smlouvy soust\u0159ed\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na platby za n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 a slu\u017eby spojen\u00e9 s u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm bytu. Ostatn\u00edm ustanoven\u00edm pak nev\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost. Ve smlouv\u011b tak mohou z\u016fstat ustanoven\u00ed, jejich\u017e dodr\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro n\u00e1jemce nepraktick\u00e9 a problematick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa\u0161e spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e1 poradna se v n\u00e1jemn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch setk\u00e1v\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad se z\u00e1kazem chovu ps\u016f, ko\u010dek \u010di jin\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch mazl\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, z\u00e1kazem kou\u0159en\u00ed, omezen\u00edm podnik\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di nemo\u017enost\u00ed nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed trval\u00e9ho pobytu v pronajat\u00e9m byt\u011b,\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1, \u0159editelka spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 organizace dTest. A dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eOv\u0161em takov\u00fdmi z\u00e1kazy se n\u00e1jemce nemus\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit, proto\u017ee podle ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku ho nelze takto omezovat.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Od 1. \u010dervence 2020 je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 po n\u00e1jemci po\u017eadovat zaplacen\u00ed smluvn\u00ed pokuty za poru\u0161en\u00ed jeho povinnost\u00ed, a to p\u0159i dodr\u017een\u00ed omezen\u00ed dan\u00fdch ob\u010dansk\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u00edkem. P\u0159edn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdslovn\u00fd limit, kdy v\u00fd\u0161e smluvn\u00ed pokuty nesm\u00ed v sou\u010dtu se slou\u017eenou kauc\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hnout trojn\u00e1sobek m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho. D\u00e1le plat\u00ed, \u017ee smluvn\u00ed pokuta rovn\u011b\u017e nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1. I kdy\u017e v dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude dodr\u017een z\u00e1konn\u00fd limit pro jej\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161i, nemus\u00ed ji n\u00e1jemce zaplatit, pokud nen\u00ed vzhledem k poru\u0161en\u00ed jeho povinnost\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1. P\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost se p\u0159itom posuzuje v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edpad od p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1jemn\u00ed smlouv\u011b by tak\u00e9 m\u011blo b\u00fdt jasn\u011b vymezeno, jak\u00e9 slu\u017eby pro n\u00e1jemce zaji\u0161\u0165uje pronaj\u00edmatel a jak\u00e9 si obstar\u00e1 n\u00e1jemce s\u00e1m. Nen\u00ed-li ve smlouv\u011b stanoveno jinak, plat\u00ed, \u017ee pronaj\u00edmatel zaji\u0161\u0165uje takzvan\u00e9 nezbytn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na dod\u00e1vky vody, odvoz a odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod v\u010detn\u011b \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed j\u00edmek, dod\u00e1vky tepla, odvoz komun\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu, osv\u011btlen\u00ed a \u00faklid spole\u010dn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed domu, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmu rozhlasov\u00e9ho a televizn\u00edho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, provoz a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kom\u00edn\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b provoz v\u00fdtahu.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 slu\u017eby mohou b\u00fdt vedeny p\u0159\u00edmo na n\u00e1jemce, typicky tomu b\u00fdv\u00e1 u dod\u00e1vek energi\u00ed a p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu. \u201eM\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 jak z hlediska n\u00e1jemce, tak z hlediska pronaj\u00edmatele. N\u00e1jemce toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00edce ne\u017e pronaj\u00edmatel motivov\u00e1n uzav\u0159\u00edt finan\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed smlouvu o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch slu\u017eeb. Naopak pronaj\u00edmateli d\u00edky dod\u00e1vk\u00e1m slu\u017eeb veden\u00fdm na n\u00e1jemce ubydou starosti s p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdmi dluhy, kter\u00e9 by po n\u00e1jemci zbyly,\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V praxi doch\u00e1z\u00ed i ke spor\u016fm, zda se jedn\u00e1 o slu\u017ebu, za kterou m\u00e1 n\u00e1jemce v byt\u011b \u010di dom\u011b platit. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spornou polo\u017ekou je p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek do fondu oprav, kter\u00fd pronaj\u00edmatel nem\u016f\u017ee po n\u00e1jemci po\u017eadovat, proto\u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o slu\u017ebu, ze kter\u00e9 by m\u011bl n\u00e1jemce okam\u017eit\u00fd prosp\u011bch.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed bytu n\u00e1jemci. Stav bytu na za\u010d\u00e1tku n\u00e1jemn\u00edho vztahu se toti\u017e porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 se stavem na jeho konci. Seps\u00e1n\u00edm protokolu p\u0159i p\u0159evzet\u00ed bytu od pronaj\u00edmatele lze p\u0159edej\u00edt p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm budouc\u00edm spor\u016fm o to, kdo a kdy po\u0161kodil podlahu, obklad, kuchy\u0148skou linku \u010di rozbil umyvadlo v koupeln\u011b. P\u0159ed\u00e1vac\u00ed protokol je vhodn\u00e9 doplnit fotografiemi nebo videonahr\u00e1vkou. Nem\u011bli byste opomenout ani zapsat stavy m\u011b\u0159i\u010d\u016f pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vy\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebovan\u00fdch energi\u00ed nebo vody.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1jemce by m\u011bl po\u010d\u00edtat tak\u00e9 s t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u00e1jem bytu sjednan\u00fd na dobu ur\u010ditou m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 \u00faskal\u00ed. Pokud n\u00e1jemce bude cht\u00edt v byt\u011b z\u016fstat i po uplynut\u00ed sjednan\u00e9 doby, pronaj\u00edmatel mu m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1jemn\u00e9. Uzav\u00edr\u00e1 toti\u017e s n\u00e1jemcem novou smlouvu a ta m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, v\u010detn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho. Nav\u00edc limity pro jednostrann\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho stanoven\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u00edkem plat\u00ed jen pro n\u00e1jem sjednan\u00fd na dobu neur\u010ditou. \u201eLid\u00e9 jsou \u010dasto zasko\u010deni, \u017ee jim pronaj\u00edmatel p\u0159edlo\u017eil po uplynut\u00ed sjednan\u00e9 doby novou smlouvu se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm n\u00e1jemn\u00fdm. Nemil\u00e9 je to zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b za situace, kdy investovali do rekonstrukce bytu, ale s pronaj\u00edmatelem se nedohodli na \u00fahrad\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f. Jestli\u017ee pak nep\u0159istoup\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1jemn\u00e9, budou byt muset opustit a n\u00e1klady na rekonstrukci jim nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy proplaceny,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Eduarda Hek\u0161ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: dTest<\/strong><\/p>\n

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