{"id":212121,"date":"2024-12-30T17:21:43","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T16:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=212121"},"modified":"2024-12-30T17:21:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T16:21:43","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-o-novem-roce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=212121","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: O Nov\u00e9m roce"},"content":{"rendered":"

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NOV\u00dd ROK (1. 1.) je od roku 1582 prvn\u00edm dnem ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e. Obyvatel\u00e9 venkova tento den pova\u017eovali za jeden z osudov\u00fdch mezn\u00edk\u016f zimn\u00edho novoro\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00fd mohl pozitivn\u011b i negativn\u011b ovlivnit cel\u00e9 nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed obdob\u00ed. Jak bylo na Nov\u00fd rok, tak m\u011blo b\u00fdt i po cel\u00fd rok, kter\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b za\u010d\u00ednal. Lid\u00e9 se proto zdr\u00e1hali zlosti, hn\u011bvu a nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Ke sn\u00eddani museli v\u0161ichni zasednout ke stolu spole\u010dn\u011b, aby mezi nimi panovala po cel\u00fd rok svornost. V\u0161ichni si ihned po r\u00e1nu pop\u0159\u00e1li \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd a vesel\u00fd nov\u00fd rok a podle toho, kdo prvn\u00ed vkro\u010dil do staven\u00ed, se usuzovalo, jak bude. D\u00edt\u011b nebo d\u011bv\u010de p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, svobodn\u00fd ml\u00e1denec veselost, t\u011bhotn\u00e1 \u017eena nemoc. Mu\u017e p\u0159edur\u010doval zrozen\u00ed chlapc\u016f, b\u00fd\u010dk\u016f, houser\u016f a kohoutk\u016f, \u017eena naopak p\u0159ivol\u00e1vala d\u011bv\u010d\u00e1tka a jalovice. Hospodyn\u011b dbaly, aby na p\u016fd\u011b neviselo pr\u00e1dlo. Komu pat\u0159ilo, ten by onemocn\u011bl nebo mohl do roka dokonce zem\u0159\u00edt. M\u00edsty pod\u00e1valy \u017eeny sv\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm p\u0159i obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed kalhoty na znamen\u00ed poslu\u0161nosti podobn\u011b jako na sv. \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco mu\u017esk\u00e1 \u010dele\u010f nastupovala do nov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, d\u011bve\u010dky odch\u00e1zely na dovolenou, kter\u00e1 trvala a\u017e do T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f. Tak\u00e9 pro n\u011b hospodyn\u011b p\u0159ichystala sladkou v\u00fdslu\u017eku. S p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a zdaru souvisej\u00ed tak\u00e9 novoro\u010dn\u00ed koledn\u00ed obch\u016fzky. Na mnoh\u00fdch m\u00edstech rozn\u00e1\u0161el past\u00fd\u0159 jedlov\u00e9 chvojky, kter\u00e9 u\u0159\u00edzl v noci na zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9m strom\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011btvi\u010dky si hospod\u00e1\u0159 ponechal ve staven\u00ed, kde se zastrkovaly za obrazy, zbytek zanesl do chl\u00e9va ke zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm. V\u011btvi\u010dky z\u016fstaly za obrazy i ve chl\u00e9vech a\u017e do prvn\u00edho vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed dobytka na pastvu. Je\u0161t\u011b hluboko do 20. stolet\u00ed chod\u00edvaly \u010desk\u00e9 d\u011bti koledovat s vin\u0161em.<\/p>\n

Na Nov\u00fd rok koledovaly je\u0161t\u011b ve 30. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se sv\u00fdm uzl\u00ed\u010dkem zav\u00edtaly nejprve k rodi\u010d\u016fm, po nich\u017e n\u00e1sledovali prarodi\u010de, kmot\u0159i, vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed i soused\u00e9. Mal\u00ed koledn\u00ed\u010dci byli za takovou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b odm\u011bn\u011bni. Obvykle \u0161lo o drobn\u00e9 a sladkosti. Chud\u00e9 d\u011bti chodily k Nov\u00e9mu roku blahop\u0159\u00e1t tak\u00e9 do majetn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, aby si vyprosily n\u011bco pen\u011bz a sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed pe\u010divo. Na novoro\u010dn\u00ed koledu se vyd\u00e1vali rovn\u011b\u017e m\u00edstn\u00ed chud\u00ed, komin\u00edci, listono\u0161i a str\u00e1\u017en\u00edci. N\u011bkde pekly hospodyn\u011b, pro rodinu i koledn\u00edky, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed novoro\u010dn\u00ed plet\u00fdnky ze sladk\u00e9ho kynut\u00e9ho t\u011bsta zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201eNeujahrsstriezel\u201c.<\/p>\n

Do nov\u00e9ho roku se m\u011blo, podle star\u00e9 tradice, vstupovat hudbou a tancem. A\u017e na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20 stolet\u00ed se Nov\u00fd rok slavil vesm\u011bs doma. \u201eTeprve po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se Silvestr a Nov\u00fd rok za\u010daly st\u00e1le v\u00edce slavit mimo domov, u p\u0159\u00e1tel nebo v restaurac\u00edch. V\u0161eobecn\u011b bylo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 novoro\u010dn\u00ed zp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Na vs\u00edch chodily d\u011bti od domu k domu a p\u00edsni\u010dkami p\u0159\u00e1li dom\u00e1c\u00edm \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd Nov\u00fd rok. Kluci chodili zp\u00edvat i do sousedn\u00edch vesnic a tak n\u011bkdy doch\u00e1zelo mezi konkuren\u010dn\u00edmi skupinami k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm pranic\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Na Nov\u00fd rok chodili zp\u00edvat sv\u00fdm d\u00edvk\u00e1m i ml\u00e1denci, za co\u017e dost\u00e1vali bohatou v\u00fdslu\u017eku. S novoro\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm chodil po domech tak\u00e9 listono\u0161, popel\u00e1\u0159 nebo komin\u00edk. V\u0161ude se Nov\u00fd rok pova\u017eoval za rozhodn\u00fd den ve smyslu zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pov\u011bry \u201cjak na Nov\u00fd rok, tak po cel\u00fd rok\u201c. M\u011blo se brzy vst\u00e1vat, aby \u010dlov\u011bk nebyl po cel\u00fd rok ospal\u00fd, n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho si obl\u00e9ci. Nem\u011blo se \u0161\u00edt a za\u0161\u00edvat, nebo\u0165 si t\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bk \u0161il rub\u00e1\u0161.<\/p>\n

Zvyky a pov\u011bry v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se k 1. lednu nov\u00e9ho roku byly v \u010desky i n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edch rodin\u00e1ch obdobn\u00e9. T\u0159ikr\u00e1t mocn\u00e9 k\u00fdchnut\u00ed r\u00e1no zna\u010dilo hodn\u011b d\u00e1rk\u016f. Setk\u00e1n\u00ed se star\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm starou \u017eenou) bylo znamen\u00edm ne\u00fasp\u011bchu v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Oproti tomu ten, kdo se na Nov\u00fd rok setkal s mladou d\u00edvkou, mohl po zbytek roku o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9m ohledu. P\u0159eb\u011bhl-li v\u00e1m kohout p\u0159es cestu, mohli jste o\u010dek\u00e1vat brzkou svatbu. Pokud o novoro\u010dn\u00ed noci \u0161t\u011bkal pes, n\u011bkdo v rodin\u011b zem\u0159e; stejn\u011b tak kdy\u017e r\u00e1no na Nov\u00fd rok v chl\u00e9v\u011b bu\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1vy. Vyl\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010del poukazuje na po\u017e\u00e1r, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 novoro\u010dn\u00ed \u010derv\u00e1nky zna\u010d\u00ed v\u00e1lku. V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b se tradovalo, \u017ee kdy\u017e 1. ledna (a o prvn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm) nej\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 maso, ochr\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm sv\u016fj dobytek p\u0159ed nemocemi a posti\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Co se ale obecn\u011b t\u00fd\u010de j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku, bylo doporu\u010deno j\u00edst k ob\u011bdu maso a j\u00e1hly, co\u017e v\u00e1m zaru\u010dilo celoro\u010dn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed. Novoro\u010dn\u00ed ob\u011bd se skl\u00e1dal z vep\u0159ov\u00e9ho masa a j\u00e1hel, aby byly v dom\u00e1cnosti po cel\u00fd rok pen\u00edze. Jinde se jedl na plotn\u011b ope\u010den\u00fd, na slab\u00e9 kraj\u00ed\u010dky nakr\u00e1jen\u00fd chl\u00e9b pomazan\u00fd m\u00e1slem, a to proto, aby \u010dlov\u011bka neodnesl vlk. P\u0159i n\u00e1stupu \u010del\u00e1dky k nov\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1\u0159i se konaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 oby\u010deje. Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161la nov\u00e1 \u010dele\u010f po prv\u00e9 do domu, sypali j\u00ed pod nohy nebo na nohy popel, aby pr\u00fd netesknila. Z t\u00e9ho\u017e d\u016fvodu se m\u011bla \u010del\u00e1dka p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu slu\u017eby pod\u00edvat na kom\u00edn. Jde o tyt\u00e9\u017e ob\u0159adn\u00ed momenty, kter\u00e9 doprov\u00e1zely i vstup nev\u011bsty do nov\u00e9ho domu p\u0159i svatebn\u00edm ceremonielu.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> S. I. Sele\u0161nikov (1974), \u010clov\u011bk a \u010das \u2013 nakl. Pr\u00e1ce, Praha \u010cesk\u00e9 zvyky a tradice<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  NOV\u00dd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":332866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/27\/ram-o-novem-roce.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=212121"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":332865,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212121\/revisions\/332865"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/332866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=212121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=212121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=212121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}