{"id":210514,"date":"2020-12-10T13:58:28","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T12:58:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=210514"},"modified":"2020-12-10T13:58:28","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T12:58:28","slug":"tz-dtest-jak-si-ve-velkem-testu-vedly-ustenky-rousky-a-respiratory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=210514","title":{"rendered":"TZ dTest: Jak si ve velk\u00e9m testu vedly \u00fastenky, rou\u0161ky a respir\u00e1tory"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno byly rou\u0161ky na ulici typick\u00fdm atributem asijsk\u00fdch turist\u016f. Kv\u016fli koronavirov\u00e9 pandemii se s nimi nyn\u00ed s\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 cel\u00fd sv\u011bt. Orientace na rozbujel\u00e9m trhu s ochrann\u00fdmi pom\u016fckami je vcelku slo\u017eit\u00e1. Redakce \u010dasopisu dTest proto do laborato\u0159e vyslala pades\u00e1t dva vzork\u016f \u00fastenek, rou\u0161ek a respir\u00e1tor\u016f s c\u00edlem zkontrolovat jejich filtra\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost a prody\u0161nost a zam\u011b\u0159ila se i na aktu\u00e1ln\u011b m\u00f3dn\u00ed slovo \u201enano\u201c.<\/h6>\n

\"\"Asijsk\u00e9 zem\u011b maj\u00ed v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rou\u0161ek n\u00e1skok, jejich no\u0161en\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobci krom\u011b medic\u00ednsk\u00fdch rou\u0161ek nab\u00edzej\u00ed i pom\u016fcky ur\u010den\u00e9 k ochran\u011b proti smogu a prachu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e od ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich se o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 vlastnosti. Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b se na evropsk\u00fd trh, a tedy i \u010desk\u00fd, dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m zejm\u00e9na ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky z \u010c\u00edny nebo Vietnamu, jde p\u0159itom o v\u00fdrobky v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch kategori\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eUd\u00e1losti posledn\u00edho roku donutily doslova cel\u00fd sv\u011bt zorientovat se co nejrychleji v nab\u00eddce prost\u0159edk\u016f na ochranu d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest. V na\u0161em testu jsme se zam\u011b\u0159ili na \u010dty\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed druhy ochrann\u00fdch pom\u016fcek \u2013 jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 \u00fastenky, respir\u00e1tory, pom\u016fcky s nanomateri\u00e1ly a l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 rou\u0161ky. V\u0161echny v\u00fdrobky pro\u0161ly m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm filtra\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti a prody\u0161nosti. U model\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k opakovan\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed jsme tyto vlastnosti m\u011b\u0159ili i po vypr\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c<\/em> p\u0159ibli\u017euje za dTest jeho \u0161\u00e9fredaktorka Hana Hoffmannov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed uv\u00e1\u017eila laborato\u0159 dv\u011b teorie \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed SARS-CoV-2, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kap\u00e9nek a aerosolu. Zkou\u0161ela se proto schopnost z\u00e1chytu \u010d\u00e1stic o velikosti od 0,12 \u00b5m do 3 \u00b5m simuluj\u00edc\u00edch jak jemn\u00fd aerosol, tak v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kap\u00e9nky. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zkou\u0161ek se zab\u00fdvala prody\u0161nost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlakov\u00e9ho odporu p\u0159i strojov\u011b napodoben\u00e9m n\u00e1dechu a v\u00fddechu. Posledn\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zkou\u0161ka \u010dekala na v\u00fdrobky s nanomateri\u00e1ly. Pod elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem se zkoumalo, zda nanomateri\u00e1ly skute\u010dn\u011b obsahuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed v testu m\u011bla skupina jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch \u00fastenek, celkem 22 vzork\u016f. \u0160lo jak o certifikovan\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 pom\u016fcky, tak o necertifikovan\u00e9 \u00fastenky pro nemedic\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, ur\u010den\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad jako ochrana p\u0159ed smogem. Hlavn\u00edm smyslem t\u011bchto \u00fastenek je chr\u00e1nit okol\u00ed p\u0159ed kap\u00e9nkami, kter\u00e9 by do n\u011bj \u0161\u00ed\u0159il nositel rou\u0161ky. V tomto ohledu v\u0161echny \u00fastenky obst\u00e1ly, n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly dokonce \u00farovn\u00ed filtrace srovnateln\u00e9 s respir\u00e1tory t\u0159\u00eddy FFP2. Co se prody\u0161nosti t\u00fdk\u00e1, i zde si \u00fastenky vedly velmi dob\u0159e. U \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z nich nebyl zji\u0161t\u011bn p\u0159i d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed nadlimitn\u00ed odpor. Jedinou vadou na kr\u00e1se tak u \u00fastenek z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, proto\u017ee by se m\u011bly pou\u017e\u00edt opravdu jen jednou a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zlikvidovat.<\/p>\n

Druhou testovanou skupinou byly respir\u00e1tory zastoupen\u00e9 sedmi vzorky hl\u00e1s\u00edc\u00edmi se do t\u0159\u00eddy FFP2. T\u0159i v\u00fdrobky ov\u0161em tomuto ozna\u010den\u00ed nevyhov\u011bly \u2013 dva spadly o stupe\u0148 n\u00ed\u017e do t\u0159idy FFP1. Respir\u00e1tor zna\u010dky Ardon zachytil pouh\u00fdch 55 % \u010d\u00e1stic o pr\u016fm\u011bru 0,6 \u00b5m, a\u010dkoli by podle ozna\u010den\u00ed FFP2 m\u011bl odfiltrovat nejm\u00e9n\u011b 94 %. N\u011bkolik respir\u00e1tor\u016f tr\u00e1pila i n\u00edzk\u00e1 prody\u0161nost, nap\u0159. nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty u v\u00fdrobku Good Mask Respir\u00e1tor FFP2 m\u00edrn\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dily limity stanoven\u00e9 respir\u00e1torovou normou.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u00fdm znakem dal\u0161\u00ed skupiny 13 testovan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 rou\u0161ky, \u0161\u00e1tky i respir\u00e1tory bylo pou\u017eit\u00ed slova \u201enano\u201c na etiket\u011b. Pro ochrann\u00e9 pom\u016fcky s nanomateri\u00e1ly bohu\u017eel zat\u00edm neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavky a z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm tak nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat tvrzen\u00edm v\u00fdrobc\u016f. Test pod elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee ne v\u0161echny ochrann\u00e9 nanopom\u016fcky jsou ozna\u010deny f\u00e9rov\u011b. Membr\u00e1ny z nanovl\u00e1ken o pr\u016fm\u011bru men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 1 \u00b5m chyb\u011bly hned \u010dty\u0159em v\u00fdrobk\u016fm. U t\u0159\u00ed z nich (Nano Kids, Respilab a TNG) \u0161lo o skute\u010dn\u00e9 klam\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edtomnost nanomembr\u00e1n na sv\u00fdch etiket\u00e1ch slibovaly. Samotn\u00fd test filtra\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed pak uk\u00e1zal na rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi nanov\u00fdrobky, kdy se \u00fa\u010dinnost z\u00e1chytu pohybovala od 69 % po 100 %. Zde ov\u0161em byla vysok\u00e1 filtra\u010dn\u00ed schopnost vykoupena hor\u0161\u00ed prody\u0161nost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dnou testovanou skupinou byly textiln\u00ed \u0161it\u00e9 rou\u0161ky. V\u00fdsledky dev\u00edti zakoupen\u00fdch vzork\u016f nep\u0159inesly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Textiln\u00ed rou\u0161ky vykazovaly v pr\u016fm\u011bru nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost filtrace nejjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aerosolov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic \u2013 dok\u00e1zaly jich zachytit nejv\u00fd\u0161e 20 %. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b i l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 rou\u0161ky solidn\u011b obst\u00e1ly p\u0159i zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kap\u00e9nek. \u0158ada rou\u0161ek jich dok\u00e1zala zastavit v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 %, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit okol\u00ed nositele rou\u0161ky.<\/p>\n

A jak si vedly v\u00fdrobky ur\u010den\u00e9 k opakovan\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed? \u201eUk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee vypran\u00e1 textiln\u00ed rou\u0161ka funguje v pr\u016fm\u011bru l\u00e9pe ne\u017e ta \u010derstv\u011b u\u0161it\u00e1. Proto je dobr\u00e9 ka\u017edou novou rou\u0161ku p\u0159ed prvn\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00edm vyprat. U nanov\u00fdrobk\u016f se pak filtra\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti li\u0161ily pouze o n\u011bkolik procentn\u00edch bod\u016f, a to jak v z\u00e1porn\u00e9m, tak i kladn\u00e9m smyslu. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed byla hlavn\u011b zm\u011bna prody\u0161nosti \u2013 vypran\u00e9 nanorou\u0161ky v\u011bt\u0161inou kladly proudu vzduchu men\u0161\u00ed odpor,\u201c<\/em> uzav\u00edr\u00e1 \u0161\u00e9fredaktorka Hana Hoffmannov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Text a foto: dTEST<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Je\u0161t\u011b <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":210516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/10\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-dtest.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210514"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=210514"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210517,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210514\/revisions\/210517"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/210516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=210514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=210514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=210514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}