{"id":210159,"date":"2022-12-05T21:08:14","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T20:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=210159"},"modified":"2022-12-09T00:03:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T23:03:30","slug":"stara-sumava-o-zapomenutem-adventnim-ambrozovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=210159","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O zapomenut\u00e9m adventn\u00edm Ambro\u017eovi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lada je na adventn\u00ed dob\u011b asi to v\u016fbec nekr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fdznam a zvyky sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 se svat\u00fdm Ambro\u017eem si ji\u017e pamatuje m\u00e1lokdo, dnes na tuto osobu vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 prakticky jen c\u00edrkev. A\u010dkoliv se v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b net\u011b\u0161\u00ed Ambro\u017e takov\u00e9 popularit\u011b a s adventem si v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed spojuje postavy jin\u00e9, i on m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 nezastupiteln\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Dal\u0161\u00ed hezk\u00fd adventn\u00ed zvyk, ze kter\u00e9ho se do sou\u010dasnosti bohu\u017eel moc nedochovalo.<\/h6>\n

\u0160koda. Svat\u00fd Ambro\u017e se narodil se kolem roku 340, snad v Trev\u00edru (\u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, nyn\u00ed N\u011bmecko) a po vystudov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v se stal soudcem V Mil\u00e1n\u011b. I kdy\u017e nebyl pok\u0159t\u011bn, lid ho povolal na biskupsk\u00fd stolec. Pok\u0159t\u011bn byl 30. listopadu roku 374 a 7. prosince p\u0159ijal biskupsk\u00e9 sv\u011bcen\u00ed. Tento den se slav\u00ed jako jeho sv\u00e1tek. Ambro\u017e po nastoupen\u00ed do \u00fa\u0159adu rozdal sv\u00e9 ve\u0161ker\u00e9 jm\u011bn\u00ed chud\u00fdm a c\u00edrkvi a takt\u00e9\u017e nalo\u017eil i s d\u011bdictv\u00edm po sv\u00e9m bratrovi.<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159ech letech si musel doplnit duchovn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Horliv\u011b studoval a jeho p\u0159ednost\u00ed bylo, \u017ee um\u011bl \u0159ecky a tak mohl \u010d\u00edst d\u00edla \u0159eck\u00fdch spisovatel\u016f v origin\u00e1le. Sv\u00fdm k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm dok\u00e1zal srozumiteln\u011b oslovit z\u00e1stupy v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch. Jeho v\u00fdmluvnost, podle legendy, byla zp\u016fsobena rojem v\u010del. Kdy\u017e je\u0161t\u011b jako d\u00edt\u011b spal, na obli\u010dej mu usedl roj v\u010del. Do otev\u0159en\u00fdch \u00fast mu vl\u00e9t\u00e1valy v\u010dely a krmily ho medem. Od \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u0161ak nedostal \u017eihadlo. Proto je tak\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n s \u00falem. Pozd\u011bji byl naz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako \u201edoktor s medov\u00fdm jazykem\u201c.<\/p>\n

Zachovala se jeho mravou\u010dn\u00e1 a bohosloveck\u00e1 d\u00edla. Zavedl pro k\u0159es\u0165anskou bohoslu\u017ebu term\u00edn \u201em\u0161e\u201c. Tam, kde byl kostel zasv\u011bcen\u00fd tomuto sv\u011btci, bylo zvykem, \u017ee Ambro\u017e honil d\u011bti kolem kostela. Jeden mu\u017e se v\u017edy p\u0159estrojil za sv. Ambro\u017ee. Vzal si dlouhou b\u00edlou ko\u0161ili a na hlavu si posadil \u010dernou \u0161pi\u010datou \u010depici se z\u00e1vojem p\u0159es obli\u010dej. Do jedn\u00e9 ruky si vzal prout\u011bn\u00e9 ko\u0161t\u011b polepen\u00e9 pap\u00edrem s dlouhou n\u00e1sadou. V druh\u00e9 m\u011bl uzl\u00edk s cukrovinkami. Kdy\u017e nastal soumrak, d\u011bti se se\u0161ly u kostela a jakmile se objevil, za\u010daly na n\u011bj pok\u0159ikovat. Ambro\u017e jim hrozil v\u00fdpraskem, za\u010dal je hned honit a ob\u010das jakoby ztratil n\u011bjakou sladkost jako l\u00e1kadlo na d\u011bti. Jakmile se n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b sehnulo, aby sebralo cukrov\u00ed ze zem\u011b, muselo b\u00fdt velmi ostra\u017eit\u00e9. Ambro\u017e \u010dekal chv\u00edli, kdy touha po sladk\u00e9m p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161ila ostra\u017eitost d\u00edt\u011bte. Rychle se k n\u011bmu p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil, a pokud nebyly d\u011bti dost rychl\u00e9, p\u0159ipletly se ko\u0161t\u011bti do cesty. Toto \u0161leh\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak o\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed, nen\u00ed to trest.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edch\u016fdcem sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Ambro\u017ee byly toti\u017e oslavy zimn\u00edho slunovratu, kdy se lid\u00e9 p\u0159ipravovali na n\u00e1vrat jara duchovn\u00ed i fyzickou o\u010distou. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00edci ho znali, ale nepova\u017eovali za nutn\u00e9 zaznamenat jej pro budouc\u00ed generace. \u010casem upadl v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed a pops\u00e1n byl jen jeho pr\u016fb\u011bh a takt\u00e9\u017e i bez vysv\u011btlen\u00ed Ambro\u017eova zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho p\u0159evleku. Maskovan\u00fdch osam\u011bl\u00fdch postav pob\u00edhalo o adventu po na\u0161em venkov\u011b v\u00edc. Jednou z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch byla Perchta. Tato figura nem\u011bla k obch\u016fzce pevn\u00e9 datum, jej\u00ed hr\u016fzn\u00fd v\u00fdraz a kon\u00e1n\u00ed se nehodily k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sv\u011btici. Nejhr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Perchta m\u00e1 tuto podobu: je ustrojen\u00e1 v ko\u017eichu se zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed hlavou, do jej\u00ed v\u00fdbavy pat\u0159il \u0159eznick\u00fd n\u016f\u017e, u pasu koudel a put\u00fdnka v ruce. To v\u0161e proto, aby \u00fadajn\u011b dopaden\u00e9mu nezbedn\u00edkovi rozp\u00e1rala b\u0159icho, krev chytila do n\u00e1doby a b\u0159\u00ed\u0161ko vycpala koudel\u00ed. Mil\u00e1 v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed postava. Sv\u00e9 brut\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011bry spojovala i se svatve\u010derem. Tvrdila, \u017ee takto trest\u00e1 d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se nepostily. Jej\u00ed podstata sah\u00e1 hluboko do p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob.<\/p>\n

Tohle v\u0161e se v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 a p\u00ed\u0161e ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. My bychom ale cht\u011bli p\u0159ipomenout dal\u0161\u00ed a nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zn\u00e1m\u00fd obor jeho \u010dinnosti. Je j\u00edm c\u00edrkevn\u00ed hudba. Byl jej\u00edm pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem a st\u00e1l u zrod\u016f tzv. Ambrosi\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ritu, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byly i chor\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u011bvy. Pokusil se aplikovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvky pozdn\u011b antick\u00e9 hudby v nov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu rod\u00edc\u00ed se k\u0159estansk\u00e9 liturgije a propojit je s liturgick\u00fdmi texty. Sv. Ambro\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 dokonce pova\u017eov\u00e1n za autora p\u0159eslavn\u00e9ho hymnu Te Deum laudamus (Tebe, Bo\u017ee, chv\u00e1l\u00edme). Kdo zn\u00e1 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd chor\u00e1l (nazvan\u00fd podle pape\u017ee \u0158eho\u0159e I. Velik\u00e9ho z p\u0159elomu 6. a 7. stol), bude jist\u011b p\u0159ekvapen \u0159adou odli\u0161nost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 plynou ze v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b velmi t\u011bsn\u00e9ho vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edho a v\u00fdchodn\u00edho k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Proto v ambrosi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zp\u011bvech sly\u0161\u00edme \u0159adu prvk\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fdch z byzantsk\u00fdch nebo arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch zp\u011bv\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b tzv. mikrointerval\u016f. Ambrosi\u00e1nsk\u00fd ritus se pozd\u011bji stal p\u0159edm\u011btem vlekl\u00fdch spor\u016f po cel\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk a byl vytla\u010den pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi reformami. Ambrosi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 zp\u011bvy ale p\u0159e\u017eily. V\u011bnuje se jim i nyn\u00ed \u0159ada renomovan\u00fdch soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Jakub de Voragine, Legenda aurea. Z latinsk\u00e9ho origin\u00e1lu p\u0159elo\u017eili V. Bahn\u00edk, A. Vidmanov\u00e1, I. Zachov\u00e1. Praha 1998. \u0160edinov\u00e1, Hana, Royt, Jan, Slovn\u00edk symbol\u016f. Kosmos, p\u0159\u00edroda a \u010dlov\u011bk v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 ikonografii. Praha 1998.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  V\u00e1no\u010dn\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":268840,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/05\/r\u00e1m-o-anto\u0161ovi.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210159"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=210159"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":268839,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210159\/revisions\/268839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/268840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=210159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=210159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=210159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}