{"id":209094,"date":"2022-11-22T19:32:18","date_gmt":"2022-11-22T18:32:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=209094"},"modified":"2022-11-22T19:32:18","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T18:32:18","slug":"stara-sumava-o-tradici-svate-kateriny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=209094","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O tradici svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina<\/h6>\n

Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina hudc\u016fm housle bere,<\/em>
\n b\u00edl\u00fd kon\u011b \u017eene do str\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/em>
\n pry\u010d z na\u0161eho domu, a\u017e na samou horu<\/em>
\n p\u00edsn\u011b z du\u0161e vyh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina housle zav\u011bsila,<\/em>
\n od na\u0161eho domu odch\u00e1z\u00ed,<\/em>
\n aby jsme nemohli vyndat jin\u00fd z truhly,<\/em>
\n v\u0161echny kl\u00ed\u010de rozh\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ino, p\u0159ines hudc\u016fm jaro,<\/em>
\n a\u017e za pec\u00ed bude\u0161 se jim zd\u00e1t,<\/em>
\n klekni na tu horu, vy\u017ee\u0148 sp\u00e1\u010de dol\u016f,<\/em>
\n aby mohli spolu hr\u00e1t.<\/em><\/p>\n

\nO svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159in\u011b se konala posledn\u00ed podzimn\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed. Na dal\u0161\u00ed oslavy a tancova\u010dky si museli lid\u00e9 po\u010dkat a\u017e do masopustu v dal\u0161\u00edm roce. 25. listopad p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na den sv. Kate\u0159iny. Jeliko\u017e existuje mnoho v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch Kate\u0159in, je zde nutn\u00e9 up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed, tud\u00ed\u017e tento sv\u00e1tek je k pam\u00e1tce svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny Alexandrijsk\u00e9, kter\u00e1 se narodila v roce 289 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu v Egypt\u011b.<\/h6>\n

Je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za patronku univerzit, mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u016f, mlad\u00fdch d\u00edvek, filozof\u016f, o\u0161et\u0159ovatelek a um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch. Nutno podotknout, \u017ee jej\u00ed historick\u00e1 hodnov\u011brnost nen\u00ed dolo\u017eena a prakticky ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 informace vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z d\u00edla Zlat\u00e1 legenda od Jakuba de Voragine z 13. stolet\u00ed. Jednalo se o \u017eenu inteligentn\u00ed a pracovitou, kter\u00e1 \u017eila ctnostn\u00fd \u017eivot. Jej\u00edm otcem byl alexandrijsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Kost. Ve\u0159ejn\u011b hl\u00e1sala proti pohan\u016fm a vyz\u00fdvala k p\u0159estoupen\u00ed na cestu k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Byla tak v\u00fdraznou ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b, \u017ee zaujala i \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Maxentia, kter\u00e9ho nab\u00e1dala ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed tak\u00e9.<\/p>\n

C\u00edsa\u0159 ji vystavil sv\u00fdm pades\u00e1ti nejlep\u0161\u00edm filozof\u016fm a intelektu\u00e1l\u016fm, jen\u017e ji m\u011bli v \u0159e\u010dnick\u00e9m souboji p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit o omylu jej\u00edho sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed. V\u00fdsledek byl v\u0161ak opa\u010dn\u00fd a pr\u00e1v\u011b svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina obr\u00e1tila v\u0161ech pades\u00e1t protivn\u00edk\u016f na k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. C\u00edsa\u0159ovi se v\u00fdsledek r\u00e9torick\u00e9ho souboje nel\u00edbil, a tak sv\u00e9 intelektu\u00e1ly nechal up\u00e1lit na hranici, ale Kate\u0159ina mu natolik imponovala, \u017ee ji po\u017e\u00e1dal o ruku, ta odm\u00edtla se slovy, \u017ee je ji\u017e zasl\u00edbena Bohu. C\u00edsa\u0159 Maxentius si to v\u0161ak nenechal l\u00edbit a sv. Kate\u0159inu uv\u011bznil. Vystavil ji mu\u010den\u00ed a hladov\u011bn\u00ed, dokonce dle legendy jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsunem stravy byla potrava p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 holubic\u00ed. Mu\u010den\u00ed bylo natolik d\u016fsledn\u00e9, \u017ee c\u00edsa\u0159 nechal speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro sv. Kate\u0159inu sestrojit nov\u00fd mu\u010d\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj se \u010dty\u0159mi koly a \u017eelezn\u00fdmi h\u0159eby.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto mu\u010d\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1stroje je sv. Kate\u0159ina tak\u00e9 patronkou mlyn\u00e1\u0159\u016f. P\u0159e\u017eila ve\u0161ker\u00e9 hladov\u011bn\u00ed i mu\u010den\u00ed, a\u017e byla roku 307 s\u0165ata me\u010dem. Traduje se, \u017ee p\u0159i poprav\u011b z n\u00ed netekla krev, ale ml\u00e9ko. Dle legendy byly jej\u00ed ostatky p\u0159eneseny and\u011bly na horu Sinaj, kde pozd\u011bji c\u00edsa\u0159 Justini\u00e1n nechal vystav\u011bt kl\u00e1\u0161ter sv. Kate\u0159iny. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b historick\u00e9ho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak nejednalo o and\u011bly, jako\u017eto o b\u00e1jn\u00e1 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e o basili\u00e1nsk\u00e9 mnichy, kte\u0159\u00ed si \u0159\u00edkali and\u011bl\u00e9. V \u010cech\u00e1ch byl propag\u00e1torem a podporovatelem jej\u00edho kultu Karel IV., kter\u00fd v den jej\u00edho sv\u00e1tku 25.11.1332 zv\u00edt\u011bzil v bitv\u011b u San Felice v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii. Sv\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtal Karel ochran\u011b svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny a jej\u00edm oddan\u00fdm ctitelem byl pak po cel\u00fd \u017eivot. Karlova soukrom\u00e1 svatyn\u011b v mal\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei Karl\u0161tejna se pozd\u011bji (nikoli za Karlova \u017eivota) za\u010dala naz\u00fdvat Kapl\u00ed svat\u00e9 Kate\u0159iny.<\/p>\n

Na sv\u00e1tek sv. Kate\u0159iny dost\u00e1valy d\u011bve\u010dky vypl\u00e1cenu mzdu a sm\u011bly se vyv\u00e1zat ze slu\u017eby nebo uzav\u0159\u00edt novou smlouvu. Na ve\u010der tohoto dne pak propukaly Kate\u0159insk\u00e9 z\u00e1bavy. Kompletn\u011b cel\u00e1 organizace spo\u010d\u00edvala na bedrech d\u00edvek a \u017een, jeliko\u017e tohoto dne platilo v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. \u017deny musely obstarat j\u00eddlo, pit\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 platily za hudbu muzikant\u016fm nebo si sm\u011bly objednat tane\u010dn\u00ed s\u00f3lo. Na opl\u00e1tku si samy mohly vyb\u00edrat po cel\u00fd ve\u010der s k\u00fdm budou tan\u010dit a jen o p\u016flnoci byla mu\u017e\u016fm umo\u017en\u011bna p\u00e1nsk\u00e1 volenka. Kr\u00e1sn\u00fd popis jednoho z ve\u010der\u016f n\u00e1m poskytuje pan \u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt:<\/p>\n

\u201e\u017deny shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed se zat\u00edm v dom\u011b, v n\u011bm\u017e m\u011bly prvn\u00ed porady, a prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jedn\u011bch druh\u00fdch a \u0159e\u010dem by nebylo konce, kdyby se kone\u010dn\u011b nedostavila muzika. Ta zahraje p\u0159ed domem vesel\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed\u010dko a \u017eeny se\u0159a\u010fuj\u00ed se v pr\u016fvod. Nap\u0159ed jdou hudebn\u00edci h\u0159motn\u011b hraj\u00edce pochod, za nimi nesou \u017eeny opentlen\u00fd v\u011bnec (pe\u010divo), posl\u00e9ze jdou \u017eeny p\u00e1rem a v\u0161e ub\u00edr\u00e1 se k hospod\u011b mnohdy notnou oklikou. Teprve kdy\u017e ve\u0161ly \u017eeny do hospody, sm\u011bj\u00ed tam i mu\u017ei.\u201c <\/em><\/p>\n

Prakticky si tedy mu\u017ei a \u017eeny vym\u011bnili sv\u00e9 typick\u00e9 role, dokonce bylo zvykem, \u017ee \u017eeny zvaly mu\u017ee na p\u00e1lenku a obdarov\u00e1valy je drobn\u00fdmi d\u00e1rky, nej\u010dast\u011bji v podob\u011b slavnostn\u00edho pe\u010diva, su\u0161en\u00e9ho ovoce nebo kv\u011btiny. Tyto z\u00e1bavy se v\u011bt\u0161inou konaly a\u017e do sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho dne, kdy ji\u017e byl za dve\u0159mi advent, a tedy \u010das pokory, skromnosti a rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeliko\u017e sv. Kate\u0159ina byla mu\u010dena na ji\u017e v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m speci\u00e1ln\u00edm mu\u010d\u00edc\u00edm kole s h\u0159eby, kdy p\u0159i to\u010den\u00ed kol za\u017e\u00edvala nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e1 muka, nesm\u011blo se v tento posv\u00e1tn\u00fd den pracovat s ni\u010d\u00edm, co m\u011blo kolo, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad kolovrat, traka\u0159, povoz, dokonce i ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9 kolo muselo tento den st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Na sv. Kate\u0159inu se dle pov\u011bst\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 tajemn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, kdy se v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlu\u017euje noc a \u010darod\u011bjn\u00e9 s\u00edly nab\u00edraj\u00ed na moci. Proti t\u011bmto sil\u00e1m si lid\u00e9 nech\u00e1vali namalovat na nebo nad dve\u0159e strou\u017ekem \u010desneku k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, jeliko\u017e o \u010desneku se traduje, \u017ee m\u00e1 ochranou moc. \u010cesnek byl zejm\u00e9na v tomto obdob\u00ed tak\u00e9 hojnou p\u0159\u00edsadou do nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pokrm\u016f. K ob\u011bma sv\u011btic\u00edm se v\u00e1\u017ee mnoho pranostik. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich upozor\u0148uje na bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se zimu, sn\u00edh a p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed poklidn\u00fd adventn\u00ed \u010das: \u201eSvat\u00e1 Cec\u00edlie sn\u011bhem pole kryje.\u201c V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je jasn\u00fdm prvkem sn\u00edh, dal\u0161\u00ed z pranostik naopak poukazuje na konec z\u00e1bav a postn\u00ed \u010das: \u201eSvat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina zav\u0159ela muzikanty do chl\u00e9va a pov\u011bsila housle do kom\u00edna.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Ke sv. Kate\u0159in\u011b je on\u011bch pranostik mnohem v\u00edce a tak si uve\u010fme z\u00e1v\u011brem t\u00e9to kapitoly n\u011bkolik z nich:<\/p>\n

\u201eKate\u0159ina na led\u011b, V\u00e1noce na bl\u00e1t\u011b\u201c, \u201eSvat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed b\u00edle od\u011bna.\u201c, \u201eKdy\u017e Kate\u0159ina po led\u011b chod\u00edv\u00e1, Eva potom bl\u00e1tem opl\u00fdv\u00e1.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Z\u00cdBRT \u010cen\u011bk. \u010cesk\u00fd lid: sborn\u00edk v\u011bnovan\u00fd studiu lidu \u010desk\u00e9ho v \u010cech\u00e1ch, na Morav\u011b, ve Slezsku a na Slovensku. Praha, 1900. Z\u00cdBRT \u010cen\u011bk. Staro\u010desk\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed oby\u010deje, pov\u011bry, slavnosti a z\u00e1bavy proston\u00e1rodn\u00ed pokud o nich vypravuj\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky a\u017e po n\u00e1\u0161 v\u011bk: p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ke kulturn\u00edm d\u011bjin\u00e1m \u010desk\u00fdm. V Praze: Tiskem a n\u00e1kladem Jos. R. Vil\u00edmka, 1889, Pavel \u017dalman Lohonka Svat\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Svat\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":267826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/22\/r\u00e1m-kate\u0159ina.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/209094"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=209094"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/209094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":267825,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/209094\/revisions\/267825"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/267826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=209094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=209094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=209094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}