{"id":207441,"date":"2025-11-09T10:32:27","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T09:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=207441"},"modified":"2025-11-11T14:03:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T13:03:29","slug":"pratele-ceskych-tradic-svaty-martin-11-listopadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=207441","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00c9 TRADICE: Svat\u00fd Martin \u2013 11. listopadu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Posv\u00edcen\u00ed na svat\u00e9ho Martina pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed zemi. V\u0161echna posv\u00edcen\u00ed se za\u010dnou slavit v den kdy m\u00e1 sv\u011btec sv\u00e1tek a o nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ned\u011bli se ud\u011bl\u00e1 posv\u00edcensk\u00e1 hostina.<\/h6>\n

Martinsk\u00e9 posv\u00edcen\u00ed se kon\u00e1 nejen tam kde je kostel nebo kaple zasv\u011bcen\u00e1 sv. Martinu, ale i po cel\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed zemi, proto\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed mezi posledn\u00ed posv\u00edcen\u00ed p\u0159ed adventn\u00edm p\u016fstem a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f si nenechal uj\u00edt tu\u010dnou husi\u010dku a martinsk\u00e9 veselen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K martinsk\u00e9mu posv\u00edcen\u00ed neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed pe\u010den\u00e1 martinsk\u00e1 husa a martinsk\u00e9 rohl\u00ed\u010dky, kter\u00fdm se takt\u00e9\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 rohy \u010di podkovy sv. Martina. A pro zaj\u00edmavost o \u201etu\u010dn\u00fa hus\u201c \u017e\u00e1dali \u017e\u00e1ci ji\u017e v 15.stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Husa je v\u017edy pe\u010den\u00e1, bu\u010f nad\u00edvan\u00e1 n\u00e1divkou nebo jablky. U n\u00e1s se vycp\u00e1v\u00e1 jablky s h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dkem a bady\u00e1nem.
\nHusa se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 k ob\u011bdu spole\u010dn\u011b se zel\u00edm a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi knedl\u00edky. My d\u011bl\u00e1me nejrad\u011bji bramborov\u00e9, ov\u0161em pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed se i houskov\u00e9, \u0161pekov\u00e9, bos\u00e1ky nebo chlupat\u00e9 knedl\u00edky. Jej\u00ed porcov\u00e1n\u00ed u stolu d\u0159\u00edve podl\u00e9halo tradici. Kup\u0159\u00edkladu k\u0159\u00eddlo dala hospodyn\u011b \u010deled\u00ednovi, aby cel\u00fd rok \u201el\u00edtal\u201c a nezah\u00e1lel.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se pe\u010de pr\u00e1v\u011b husa m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed.
\nLegenda \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee svat\u00fd Martin byl p\u016fvodn\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm voj\u00e1kem. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159ijal k\u0159es\u0165anskou v\u00edru a stal se mision\u00e1\u0159em a n\u00e1sledn\u011b biskupem v Tours. Tomu ale p\u0159edch\u00e1zela tato p\u0159\u00edhoda: Martin, p\u0159i sv\u00e9 skromnosti, necht\u011bl biskupskou hodnost p\u0159ijmout a schoval se p\u0159ed vyslanci do husince mezi hejno hus. Ty jej v\u0161ak sv\u00fdm siln\u00fdm kejh\u00e1n\u00edm prozradily.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e1 verze \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee ho p\u0159i k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed tak ru\u0161ily sv\u00fdm kejh\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee je za to odsoudil a v den jeho pam\u00e1tky pykaj\u00ed za svoje provin\u011bn\u00ed na pek\u00e1\u010di.<\/p>\n

Pe\u010den\u00ed hus pr\u00e1v\u011b na Martina m\u00e1 i praktickou str\u00e1nku. Husy jsou ide\u00e1ln\u011b tu\u010dn\u00e9 a vykrmen\u00e9 a maj\u00ed p\u0159ed nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zimou to nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prachov\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho jsou ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159e, pe\u0159iny a duchny a nejl\u00e9pe se \u0161kubou. Z dlouh\u00fdch brk se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ma\u0161lova\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Martinsk\u00e9 rohl\u00edky se pe\u010dou zahnut\u00e9 a pln\u011bn\u00e9. Svat\u00fd Martin m\u011bl pr\u00fd nevlastn\u00ed matku, kter\u00e1 ho cht\u011bla otr\u00e1vit. Tak kdy\u017e pekla rohl\u00edky, dala do jednoho jed. Aby ho potom poznala, tak ten s jedem zahnula. Kdy\u017e je pak upekla, byly v\u0161echny zahnut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e1 legenda \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jsou to prom\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podkovy kon\u011b sv. Martina, kter\u00fd tak pomohl chud\u00fdm, aby m\u011bli co j\u00edst.
\n\u010cesk\u00fdm zvykem je, \u017ee d\u011bv\u010de upe\u010de velk\u00fd martinsk\u00fd rohl\u00edk pln\u011bn\u00fd povidly \u010di m\u00e1kem a obdaruje j\u00edm sv\u00e9ho mil\u00e9ho, tento zvyk dr\u017e\u00ed i hospodyn\u011b a obdarov\u00e1vaj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Martinsk\u00e9 rohl\u00edky se d\u00e1valy v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch jako v\u00fdslu\u017eka \u010deledi, kter\u00e1 odch\u00e1zela ze slu\u017eby. Jinde byla \u010dele\u010f obdarov\u00e1na velk\u00fdmi buchtami pln\u011bn\u00fdmi povidly nebo m\u00e1kem.
\nTak\u00e9 se ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: \u201eRadost Martina je hus a d\u017eb\u00e1n v\u00edna!\u201c<\/p>\n

K tomuto dni pat\u0159\u00ed i Martinsk\u00e9 v\u00edno. Jedn\u00e1 se o mlad\u00e9 v\u00edno, prvn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee ochutnat po vinobran\u00ed. Do t\u00e9 doby v\u00edno zraje a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1v\u00e1, se \u017ee kdo jej d\u0159\u00edve ochutn\u00e1, tomu se v\u00edno nepovede. Na svat\u00e9ho Marina tedy 11. 11. se v\u00edno m\u016f\u017ee ochutnat a\u017e v 11:11 a pak pop\u00edjet jak je libo, nejl\u00e9pe k huse nebo jin\u00fdm pochoutk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

V m\u00edst\u011b kde je kostel\u00edk zasv\u011bcen svat\u00e9mu Martinu, se r\u00e1no m\u016f\u017ee konat Martinsk\u00e1 pou\u0165, tak\u00e9 se tento den d\u011blaly prvn\u00ed velk\u00e9 jarmarky a dobyt\u010d\u00ed a v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed trhy. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b ve v\u0161ech kraj\u00edch se jde r\u00e1no do kostela na Martinskou m\u0161i. Ke svat\u00e9mu Martinu tak\u00e9 nesm\u011bli chyb\u011bt koledn\u00edci, jedna dochovan\u00e1 koleda je zm\u00edn\u011bna n\u00ed\u017ee. Letos, kuli situaci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u0161e ani bohoslu\u017eby neprob\u00edhaj\u00ed, to n\u00e1m ale nebr\u00e1n\u00ed pomodlit se a oslavit tento kr\u00e1sn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek doma.<\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edve se dr\u017eelo posv\u00edcen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b na svat\u00e9ho Martina a nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ned\u011bli se pak \u0159\u00edkalo hrub\u00e9 hody.<\/p>\n

Na svat\u00e9ho biskupa Martina<\/em>
\n mil\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159 a jeho dru\u017eina<\/em>
\n husy jed\u00ed, v\u00edno k tomu pij\u00edce<\/em>
\n \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9ho Martina chv\u00e1l\u00edce<\/em>
\n p\u00e1ni, \u017e\u00e1ci a kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed se raduj\u00ed<\/em>
\n neb se jim koledy p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed.<\/em>
\n Pacholci a d\u00edvky svobodu m\u00edvaj\u00ed<\/em>
\n a u jin\u00fdch p\u00e1n\u016fv se zjedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/em>
\n(Selsk\u00e1 pranostika z roku 1710)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A te\u010f n\u011bco k t\u011bm v\u00fd\u0161e zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm \u00fakon\u016fm:
\nDen svat\u00e9ho Martina byl tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010das, kdy \u010dele\u010f opou\u0161t\u011bla sjednanou jednoro\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017ebu, dost\u00e1vala mzdu a hledala si nov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b o rok prodlu\u017eovala dohodu s hospod\u00e1\u0159em st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm. (M\u011bli to na\u0161i p\u0159edci ale za\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9, \u017ee? V\u0161ichni se museli sna\u017eit, aby m\u011bli dobrou pov\u011bst a byli piln\u00ed, nebo\u0165 jinak by si museli hledat jin\u00e9 m\u00edsto, na druhou stranu hospod\u00e1\u0159 si musel piln\u00e9 \u010del\u00e1dky hled\u011bt, jinak by mu utekla jinam).
\nToho dne se velmi slavilo. Existuj\u00ed \u010detn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o rozpustilostech i v\u00fdtr\u017enostech, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch \u201emartin\u00edky\u201c. V \u0159\u00e1du m\u011bsta Prahy, vydan\u00e9m c\u00edsa\u0159e Rudolfem II. roku 1598, se p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eStrany pak Martink\u016fv, kte\u0159\u00ed oby\u010dej maj\u00ed, ze v\u0161ech krajin p\u0159i sv. Martin\u011b doslou\u017e\u00edce, do Prahy se obraceti a zde\u0165 v zah\u00e1lce z\u016fst\u00e1vati: na to taky \u00fa\u0159edln\u00edci pozor m\u00edti budou, aby jich \u0161enk\u00fd\u0159ov\u00e9 nep\u0159echov\u00e1vali\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ke dni svat\u00e9ho Martina se uzav\u00edraly smlouvy mezi obc\u00ed a obecn\u00edm past\u00fd\u0159em, ov\u010d\u00e1kem, ponocn\u00fdm a dal\u0161\u00edmi lidmi, kter\u00e9 obec naj\u00edmala a platila. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b osoba past\u00fd\u0159e se pe\u010dliv\u011b zva\u017eovala, proto\u017ee to musel b\u00fdt mu\u017e zku\u0161en\u00fd, v\u017edy\u0165 se mu sv\u011b\u0159oval v\u0161echen obecn\u00ed dobytek. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se od n\u011bj po\u017eadovalo, aby um\u011bl l\u00e9\u010dit, n\u011bkdy iY| trochu \u010darovat, musel se vyznat v po\u010das\u00ed a \u0159ad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed. Za svou slu\u017ebu dost\u00e1val past\u00fd\u0159 obvykle ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed v obecn\u00ed chalup\u011b – pastou\u0161ce. Krom\u011b toho m\u011bl sjedn\u00e1nu mzdu, kterou dost\u00e1val v pen\u011bz\u00edch i natur\u00e1li\u00edch, n\u00e1le\u017eelo mu n\u011bkolik strych\u016f obil\u00ed, p\u00e1r v\u011brtel\u016f hrachu a pozd\u011bji i brambory. M\u011bl povoleno dr\u017eet si vlastn\u00ed kravku na ml\u00e9ko, pro ni\u017e dost\u00e1val p\u00edci, \u010di do spr\u00e1vy obecn\u00ed louku, stejn\u011b jako k vy\u017eivov\u00e1n\u00ed obecn\u00edho b\u00fdka a kance na plemenitbu. Od hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f dost\u00e1val p\u0159edem dohodnutou odm\u011bnu, za ka\u017ed\u00fd pasen\u00fd kus, poplatek za p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a m\u011bl povoleny koledy (obch\u016fzky po vsi).<\/p>\n

S p\u0159ijet\u00edm past\u00fd\u0159e se spojovala oslava, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdvala Bejkova svatba \u010di Martinsk\u00e1 s\u00fdpka. Bylo obvykle povinnost\u00ed past\u00fd\u0159e vystrojit pro hospod\u00e1\u0159e a radnici hostinu s pe\u010denou husou a pivem. Pokud hospod\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159ijali pozv\u00e1n\u00ed, bylo to dobr\u00e9 znamen\u00ed, proto\u017ee past\u00fd\u0159 mohl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 s jistotou po\u010d\u00edtat, \u017ee s n\u00edm smlouvu obnov\u00ed i pro dal\u0161\u00ed rok. Jinde se hostina p\u0159ipravovala tak, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f nasypal past\u00fd\u0159i dohodnutou m\u00edru obil\u00ed. Tomu to aktu se ne\u0159\u00edkalo jinak ne\u017e Syp\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak byli sedl\u00e1ci furianti, p\u0159idal ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u011bco nad m\u00edru, aby soused\u016fm uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee mu na tro\u0161e nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Tak se nasypalo mnohem v\u00edce, ne\u017e n\u00e1le\u017eelo past\u00fd\u0159i. Jeho d\u00edl se pe\u010dliv\u011b odm\u011b\u0159il a ze zbytku se ud\u011blala hostina.<\/p>\n

Jinde past\u00fd\u0159 zabil vep\u0159e, nad\u011blal jitrnic a jelit, zabil 2 berany a 4 husy. Ponocn\u00fd p\u0159idal husu, hajn\u00fd takt\u00e9\u017e. Na hostinu mohl p\u0159ij\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo Sypal, akor\u00e1t si musel p\u0159in\u00e9st vlastn\u00ed l\u017e\u00edci, vidli a n\u016f\u017e.<\/p>\n

K tomuto dni pat\u0159ila i koleda a koledn\u00edci. Ji\u017e ze 14. stolet\u00ed je dochov\u00e1na \u010desky psan\u00e1 martinsk\u00e1 koleda, s n\u00ed\u017e chodili koledovat nejen chud\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci, ale i kanovn\u00edci a dokonce i m\u011bstsk\u00fd kat.
\nZde jedna, kterou zaznamenal pan Z\u00edbrt ve sv\u00fdch spisech:
\nZ koled \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch v\u0161ak nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koleda o sv. Martin\u011b jest ps\u00e1na \u00fapln\u011b po \u010desku. Poslechneme tedy \u017e\u00e1kovskou martinskou koledu a martinskou proti-koledu:<\/p>\n

1. Svat\u00e9ho Martina<\/em>
\n v\u0161elik\u00e1 rodina<\/em>
\n dnes \u0161\u010dedrost zpom\u00edn\u00e1<\/em>
\n beze v\u0161eho statku<\/em>
\n vesele s \u010del\u00e1dku.<\/em>
\n Tu\u010dn\u00fa hus, hus, hus,<\/em>
\n tu\u010dn\u00fa hus, hus, hus,<\/em>
\n tu\u010dn\u00fa hus j\u00ed, vino pie,<\/em>
\n beze v\u0161eho smutku.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Ale my \u0161koln\u00edci,<\/em>
\n podobn\u00ed pachol\u00edci,<\/em>
\n mal\u00ed i velic\u00ed,<\/em>
\n v \u0161kole kdy\u017e sed\u00edme,<\/em>
\n vesele zpiev\u00e1me,<\/em>
\n neb\u0165 n\u00e1s nutie vesel\u00e9,<\/em>
\n toho netaj\u00edme.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Proto\u017e dnes vesele<\/em>
\n v dobr\u00e9 \u0161\u010dedr\u00e9 voli,<\/em>
\n v\u011bd\u00fac va\u0161e mysli,<\/em>
\n k v\u00e1m sme zav\u00edtali,<\/em>
\n abychom dar vzali,<\/em>
\n bychom dusnost chudoby<\/em>
\n tudy zapudili.<\/em><\/p>\n

4. Ra\u010dte\u017e darovati,<\/em>
\n maj\u00edc na pam\u011bti<\/em>
\n svat\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bdroty,<\/em>
\n abychom v radosti<\/em>
\n podle va\u0161ie cnosti<\/em>
\n tu\u010dn\u00fa h\u00fas upe\u010denu<\/em>
\n mohli s v\u00e1mi jiesti.<\/em><\/p>\n

5. Ale vy brat\u0159\u00ed mil\u00ed,<\/em>
\n m\u011bjte\u017e na pam\u011bti<\/em>
\n svat\u00e9ho \u0161\u010dedrotu<\/em>
\n Martina rytie\u0159e<\/em>
\n nynie v t\u00e9to mie\u0159e:<\/em>
\n nechcete-li husi d\u00e1ti,<\/em>
\n dajte dva penieze.<\/em><\/p>\n

6. A\u010d n\u00e1s darujete,<\/em>
\n odplatu vezmete<\/em>
\n v kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nebesk\u00e9m,<\/em>
\n s Bohem tam bydl\u00edce,<\/em>
\n s n\u00edm se raduj\u00edce<\/em>
\n a na veky s anjeli<\/em>
\n amen zpievaj\u00edce.<\/em><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 rodina m\u00e1 sv\u016fj osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd recept na nejlep\u0161\u00ed husu, zde pouze recepis na martinsk\u00e9 rohl\u00edky. Budeme r\u00e1di kdy\u017e se o sv\u00e9 recepty s n\u00e1mi pod\u011bl\u00edte. My p\u0159ipravujeme pomalu pe\u010denou husu nad\u00edvanou jablky s h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dkem a bady\u00e1nem, ko\u0159en\u011bnou km\u00ednem a sol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Recepis na martinsk\u00e9 rohl\u00ed\u010dky:<\/h6>\n

1\/2 kg polohrub\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 mouky
\n6 dkg cukru
\ns\u016fl
\ncitr\u00f3nov\u00e1 k\u016fra
\n1\/3 l ml\u00e9ka
\n2 dkg dro\u017ed\u00ed
\n14 dkg vlah\u00e9ho m\u00e1sla
\n4 \u017eloutky
\ntuk na pot\u0159en\u00ed plechu
\n1 vejce
\nvanilkov\u00fd cukr
\nna n\u00e1divku povidla nebo m\u00e1k
\nDo m\u00edsy prosejeme nah\u0159\u00e1tou mouku s cukrem a sol\u00ed a p\u0159id\u00e1me ustrouhanou citronovou k\u016fru. Zad\u011bl\u00e1me vze\u0161l\u00fdm kv\u00e1skem z jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etiny ml\u00e9ka, dro\u017ed\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1sti cukru a mouky. P\u0159id\u00e1me vlah\u00e9 m\u00e1slo a \u017eloutky. Vypracujeme hust\u0161\u00ed t\u011bsto a nech\u00e1me zkynout. Na v\u00e1le rozv\u00e1l\u00edme t\u011bsto na tlust\u0161\u00ed placku, ze kter\u00e9 kr\u00e1j\u00edme trojhr\u00e1nky. Do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho d\u00e1me trochu n\u00e1divky a pe\u010dliv\u011b svineme v rohl\u00edky. Do n\u00e1divky je dobr\u00e9 p\u0159idat tro\u0161ku rumu. Klademe na poma\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd plech ve tvaru podkov. Povrch ovla\u017e\u00edme roz\u0161lehan\u00fdm vejcem a nech\u00e1me je\u0161t\u011b asi 20 minut kynout. Pak je upe\u010deme v p\u0159edeh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 troub\u011b do zlatova a hork\u00e9 sypeme vanilkov\u00fdm cukrem.
\nDoporu\u010duji ud\u011blat si vlastn\u00ed vanilkov\u00fd cukr sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm vanilkov\u00e9ho lusku – vyjmeme sem\u00ednka – a cukru ve sklenici a i s luskem nech\u00e1me provon\u011bt alespo\u0148 dva dny, ide\u00e1ln\u011b v\u0161ak t\u00fdden a d\u00e9le.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong>
\nVlastimil Vondru\u0161ka \u2013 C\u00edrkevn\u00ed rok a lidov\u00e9 oby\u010deje
\n\u010cen\u011bk Z\u00edbrt – Vesel\u00e9 chv\u00edle v \u017eivot\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho lidu
\nLadislava Paterko \u2013 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky a semin\u00e1\u0159e
\ninternetov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky ceske-tradice.cz
\nDom\u00e1c\u00ed kucha\u0159ka – J. B\u0159\u00edzov\u00e1 + Rodinn\u00e1 kucha\u0159ka + kucha\u0159ka M.D. Rettigov\u00e1<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Barbora ORS\u00c1GOV\u00c1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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