{"id":205306,"date":"2025-02-08T11:18:11","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T10:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=205306"},"modified":"2025-02-08T11:18:11","modified_gmt":"2025-02-08T10:18:11","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-kam-kraci-jazyk-cesky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=205306","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Kam kr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed jazyk \u010desk\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-205307 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11\/KAM-KR\u00c1\u010c\u00cd-JAZYK-\u010cESK\u00dd...jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11\/KAM-KR\u00c1\u010c\u00cd-JAZYK-\u010cESK\u00dd...jpg 960w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11\/KAM-KR\u00c1\u010c\u00cd-JAZYK-\u010cESK\u00dd..-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11\/KAM-KR\u00c1\u010c\u00cd-JAZYK-\u010cESK\u00dd..-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11\/KAM-KR\u00c1\u010c\u00cd-JAZYK-\u010cESK\u00dd..-642x357.jpg 642w, https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/11\/KAM-KR\u00c1\u010c\u00cd-JAZYK-\u010cESK\u00dd..-868x483.jpg 868w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><em>\u201eJe\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bjak\u00fdmi 100 nebo 150 lety pat\u0159ilo mluvit \u010desky a mluvit hezky \u010desky, spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u010desky, k dobr\u00e9mu t\u00f3nu v ur\u010dit\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. A to pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee tu \u010de\u0161tinu tehdy c\u00edtili jako tro\u0161ku ohro\u017eenou a ta spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 \u010de\u0161tina byla vlastn\u011b v\u00fdrazem ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho, soci\u00e1ln\u00edho, n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edho, politick\u00e9ho postoje, zat\u00edmco dnes u\u017e jsme si tou \u010de\u0161tinou tolik jisti a v\u00edme, \u017ee nezahyne, \u017ee na to tro\u0161ku h\u0159e\u0161\u00edme.\u201c<\/em><\/h6>\n<p><strong>Karel Oliva \u010desk\u00fd lingvista a vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fd pedagog 1958<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Kurzarbeit, lockdown, briefing, marketing a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch slov&#8230; P\u0159\u00edchod nemoci covid-19 zp\u016fsobil velkou zm\u011bnu v mnoha aspektech na\u0161eho \u017eivota. Nedot\u010den p\u0159itom nez\u016fstal ani n\u00e1\u0161 jazyk, kter\u00fd pru\u017en\u011b zareagoval na spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny. P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika des\u00edtkami let se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed hodnotilo tak\u00e9 jejich spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Tehdy bylo jednodu\u0161e presti\u017en\u00ed um\u011bt dob\u0159e a spisovn\u011b \u010desky a m\u00edt bohatou slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes se v\u0161ak n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do stadia, kdy prakticky neum\u011bj\u00ed hovo\u0159it a vyjad\u0159ovat se spisovn\u00fdm jazykem. \u0158e\u010d je sama du\u0161e n\u00e1roda &#8211; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 s plnou autoritou Karel \u010capek. Zamysleme se nad t\u011bmito slovy pr\u00e1v\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b. Nezach\u00e1z\u00edme se svou mate\u0159\u0161tinou ledabyle? Nestyd\u00edme se za jej\u00ed spisovnou podobu? Tyto ot\u00e1zky z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na aktu\u00e1lnosti pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b evropsk\u00e9ho sjednocov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nebo\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b by m\u011bla Evropu i nad\u00e1le obohacovat svoj\u00ed nezam\u011bnitelnou kulturou.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160patn\u00e1 \u010de\u0161tina se na m\u011b val\u00ed z televizn\u00edho zpravodajstv\u00ed, dokonce i z toho ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00edho. Ot\u00e1zka je to z\u0159ejm\u011b do pranice, chyb jako m\u00e1ku se na v\u00e1s val\u00ed i v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edch nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f. P\u0159\u00edliv nov\u00fdch slov je nezvladateln\u011b \u017eiveln\u00fd. Ciz\u00ed slova si do \u010de\u0161tiny v\u017edy nach\u00e1zela cestu a obohacovala ji o v\u00fdrazy, kter\u00e9 jsme do t\u00e9 doby neznali. Jen\u017ee u sou\u010dasn\u00fdch anglicism\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee velmi \u010dasto vytla\u010duj\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 ekvivalenty, a nav\u00edc si ponech\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u016fj p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1pis. V\u0161ichni po\u0159\u00e1d n\u011bkam sp\u011bchaj\u00ed, sna\u017e\u00ed se vyjad\u0159ovat co nejjednodu\u0161eji, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bez diakritiky a nejl\u00e9pe je\u0161t\u011b ve zkratk\u00e1ch, tak\u017ee leckdy podv\u011bdom\u011b s\u00e1hnou po anglick\u00e9m slov\u00ed\u010dku, kter\u00e9 dob\u0159e znaj\u00ed. Kdo je zn\u00e1, jde s dobou a z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u00e1v\u00e1 najevo, \u017ee vyjad\u0159ovat se \u010desky je mu pon\u011bkud na obt\u00ed\u017e.<\/p>\n<p>Odhodit pravidla jazyka \u010desk\u00e9ho s koncem povinn\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky nen\u00ed v\u00fdraz svobodomyslnosti, sp\u00ed\u0161 nevzd\u011blanosti. \u017de bude za hlup\u00e1ka nebo \u017ee mu v hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ostatn\u00ed nebudou rozum\u011bt, leckoho netr\u00e1p\u00ed. Fakt je, \u017ee nejdivo\u010dej\u0161\u00ed v\u011bci se v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b odehr\u00e1valy po roce 1989, zejm\u00e9na v souvislosti s rozvojem informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed, reklamy a marketingu. Pro mnoh\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed v t\u011bchto oborech pracuj\u00ed, se stalo ot\u00e1zkou presti\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat anglick\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, proto\u017ee si tak dod\u00e1vali pocit, \u017ee jsou takzvan\u011b sv\u011btov\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K. \u010capek ve zn\u00e1m\u00e9 stati Chv\u00e1la \u010desk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di p\u00ed\u0161e:<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>&#8220;A je\u0161t\u011b mus\u00edm pochv\u00e1lit tebe, tebe, \u010desk\u00e1 \u0159e\u010di, jazyku z nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch mezi v\u0161emi, jazyku z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch v\u0161emi v\u00fdznamy a odst\u00edny, \u0159e\u010di nejdokonalej\u0161\u00ed, nejcitliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nejkadencovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech \u0159e\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1m nebo jsem sly\u0161el mluvit. Cht\u011bl bych um\u011bt napsat v\u0161e, co dovede\u0161 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it; cht\u011bl bych u\u017e\u00edt aspo\u0148 jedinkr\u00e1t v\u0161ech kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch, ur\u010dit\u00fdch, \u017eivouc\u00edch slov, kter\u00e1 jsou v tob\u011b \u2026\u201c &#8220;Nikdy jsi mi neselhala; jen j\u00e1 jsem selh\u00e1val, nenach\u00e1zeje ve sv\u00e9 tvrd\u00e9 hlav\u011b dosti v\u011bdom\u00ed, dosti povzletu, dosti pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, abych to v\u0161e p\u0159esn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159il. Musel bych \u017e\u00edt ster\u00fdm \u017eivotem, abych t\u011b pln\u011b poznal; doposud nikdo neshl\u00e9dl v\u0161e, co jsi; je\u0161t\u011b jsi p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi, tajemn\u00e1, p\u0159ekypuj\u00edc\u00ed a pln\u00e1 dalek\u00fdch v\u00fdhled\u016f, budouc\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed n\u00e1roda, kter\u00fd vzestupuje&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dnes u\u017e dovedeme mj. p\u0159esn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtat, \u017ee z bohatstv\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby \u010de\u0161tiny, kter\u00e9 lze odhadovat na statis\u00edce jednotek, K. \u010capek u\u017eil v cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed i publicistick\u00e9 tvorb\u011b \u201ejen\u201c cca 70 tis\u00edc slov (F. \u010cerm\u00e1k a kol., Slovn\u00edk Karla \u010capka, 2007). B\u011b\u017en\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed jich aktivn\u011b u\u017eije je\u0161t\u011b podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ale nen\u00ed, kolik slov zapoj\u00edme do sv\u00e9 komunikace, podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, jak s nimi a s jazykem v\u016fbec zach\u00e1z\u00edme, jak vyjad\u0159ujeme sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky a city. Karlu \u010capkovi se asi m\u00e1lokdo vyrovn\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u0161ichni bychom m\u011bli sp\u011bt k pou\u010den\u00e9, citliv\u00e9 a kultivovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci s jazykem.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj:<\/strong> Z knihy: Karel \u010capek \u2013 MARSYAS \u010dili na okraj literatury \u2013 CHV\u00c1LA \u0158E\u010cI \u010cESK\u00c9<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u201eJe\u0161t\u011b <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":336741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/08\/ram-kam-kraci.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205306"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=205306"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":336740,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205306\/revisions\/336740"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/336741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=205306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=205306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=205306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}