{"id":204907,"date":"2020-10-05T18:12:38","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T17:12:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=204907"},"modified":"2020-10-06T19:13:44","modified_gmt":"2020-10-06T18:13:44","slug":"dejinne-okamziky-vstup-ceskoslovenskych-jednotek-na-uzemi-statu-6-rijna-1944","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=204907","title":{"rendered":"D\u011aJINN\u00c9 OKAM\u017dIKY: Vstup \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch jednotek na \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1tu 6. \u0159\u00edjna 1944"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Karpatsko-dukelsk\u00e1 operace p\u0159edstavuje v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u010desk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 tradice kontroverzn\u00ed kapitolu. Rozpory pramen\u00ed nejen ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee byla zah\u00e1jena pro sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed a z\u00e1jmy Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, ale i\u00a0z faktu, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u00ed bylo pokra\u010dov\u00e1no i\u00a0p\u0159es vysok\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty a nepatrn\u00fd strategick\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos. Nelze nicm\u00e9n\u011b opomenout v\u00fdznam, jak\u00fd byl bitv\u011b p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1n p\u0159ed listopadem 1989. Tehdy byl 6.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjen p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1n jako den \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho vojska. Dnes je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0pam\u00e1tn\u00fdch dn\u016f resortu ministerstva obrany.<\/h6>\n

Za jak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed operace prob\u011bhla a co vzbuzuje ony kontroverze? V\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b roku 1944 se pod t\u00edhou soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho tlaku z\u00a0v\u00fdchodu i\u00a0z\u00e1padu ot\u0159\u00e1sly z\u00e1klady evropsk\u00e9 hegemonie T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da postoupila daleko na z\u00e1pad a p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila se p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdm hranic\u00edm. P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 protifa\u0161istick\u00e9ho odboje na Slovensku vypracovali proto pl\u00e1n celon\u00e1rodn\u00edho povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo vypuknout v\u00a0okam\u017eiku, kdy se sov\u011btsk\u00e9 svazky dostanou do bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti slovensk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Situace se v\u0161ak vyvinula jinak, ne\u017e bylo o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1no. Po dohod\u011b s\u00a0vl\u00e1dou Jozefa Tisa toti\u017e vstoupily dne 29.\u00a0srpna 1944 na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovensk\u00e9 republiky vojska Wehrmachtu. Nezb\u00fdvalo, ne\u017e povst\u00e1n\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sit p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed reagovalo na sled ud\u00e1lost\u00ed urychlenou p\u0159\u00edpravou vojensk\u00e9 operace, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo p\u0159ekro\u010dit h\u0159bety Karpat a spojit se s\u00a0povstaleck\u00fdm vojskem. Riskantn\u00edmi prvky pl\u00e1nu byly nejen nev\u00fdhodn\u00fd ter\u00e9n, ale t\u00e9\u017e spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee povstalci odzbroj\u00ed dv\u011b slovensk\u00e9 divize na v\u00fdchod\u011b st\u00e1tu a otev\u0159ou pr\u016fchod horsk\u00fdmi pr\u016fsmyky. Realizac\u00ed operace byl pov\u011b\u0159en 1.\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fd front, respektive 38.\u00a0arm\u00e1da gener\u00e1la K.\u00a0S.\u00a0Moskalenka, v\u00a0jej\u00ed\u017e sestav\u011b se nach\u00e1zel tehdy pr\u00e1v\u011b ustaven\u00fd 1.\u00a0\u010deskoslovensk\u00fd arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0gener\u00e1lem\u00a0Janem Kratochv\u00edlem. Svazek se skl\u00e1dal ze \u010dty\u0159 brig\u00e1d, z\u00a0toho jedn\u00e9 paradesantn\u00ed a jedn\u00e9 tankov\u00e9, a dohromady m\u011bl asi 16\u00a0700 mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0kr\u00e1tkosti p\u0159\u00edpravy cel\u00e9 operace sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee boje na p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch k\u00a0Dukelsk\u00e9mu pr\u016fsmyku byly zah\u00e1jeny ji\u017e 8.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 vojska m\u011bla nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u00a0kopc\u016f do \u00fadol\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00fd v\u00fdhled, odhalila pohyby jednotek a mohla d\u016fkladn\u011b p\u0159ipravit obranu. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu byl postup ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku velmi pomal\u00fd; obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b tuh\u00e9 boje se rozpoutaly o\u00a0obec Machn\u00f3wka a o\u00a0Hyrowu horu. Krom\u011b toho selhaly kalkulace velen\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 dv\u011b slovensk\u00e9 divize se k\u00a0povstalc\u016fm nep\u0159idaly, ale sv\u00e9 pozice p\u0159enechaly n\u011bmeck\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edch dn\u016f boj\u016f do\u0161lo k\u00a0dodnes neobjasn\u011bn\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed, o\u00a0jeho\u017e pozad\u00ed lze pouze spekulovat. Velitel 1.\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9ho frontu, mar\u0161\u00e1l I.\u00a0S.\u00a0Kon\u011bv, sv\u00e9voln\u011b a mimo svou kompetenci odvolal gener\u00e1la Kratochv\u00edla a nov\u00fdm velitelem sboru jmenoval gener\u00e1la Ludv\u00edka Svobodu.<\/p>\n

Teprve po m\u011bs\u00edci boj\u016f, dne 6.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 1944, poda\u0159ilo se p\u0159ekro\u010dit b\u00fdval\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice a ovl\u00e1dnout obec Vy\u0161n\u00fd Kom\u00e1rnik. \u00datok se pot\u00e9 rozvinul ji\u017en\u00edm sm\u011brem na obec Ni\u017en\u00fd Kom\u00e1rnik s\u00a0c\u00edlem zajistit p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0\u0159ece Ondav\u011b. N\u011bmeckou obranu se na tomto sm\u011bru poda\u0159ilo prolomit nicm\u00e9n\u011b a\u017e 31.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna. Tehdy u\u017e ale operace ztratila sv\u016fj smysl. Dne 28.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna bylo toti\u017e Slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed potla\u010deno.<\/p>\n

Da\u0148, kterou zaplatil \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd arm\u00e1dn\u00ed sbor za ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed nevelk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti slovensk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, byla vysok\u00e1. Celkov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty sboru, tzn. padl\u00ed, zajat\u00ed, nezv\u011bstn\u00ed a ran\u011bn\u00ed, dos\u00e1hly 6300 mu\u017e\u016f, co\u017e znamenalo tak\u0159ka 40\u00a0% po\u010detn\u00edho stavu, p\u0159itom v\u00a0d\u016fstojnick\u00e9m sboru \u010dinily bezm\u00e1la 90\u00a0%. N\u00e1sledkem toho ztratil sbor, a to a\u017e do ledna 1945, bojeschopnost. \u0158adov\u00ed voj\u00e1ci v\u0161ak obst\u00e1li se ct\u00ed. Nelze toti\u017e nevid\u011bt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd prvek, koneckonc\u016f typick\u00fd pro v\u0161echny okam\u017eiky z\u00a0d\u011bjin \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho ozbrojen\u00e9ho odboje na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b, toti\u017e vysokou bojovou mor\u00e1lku a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si poradilo i\u00a0s\u00a0t\u011bmi nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami.<\/p>\n

Autor:\u00a0Ale\u0161 Binar, foto: archiv \u00daVA-VHA Praha<\/strong><\/p>\n

UNIVERZITA OBRANY<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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  Karpatsko-dukelsk\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":204918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,107],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/05\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-d\u011bjinn\u00e9-okam\u017eiky.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204907"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=204907"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204907\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":204920,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204907\/revisions\/204920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/204918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=204907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=204907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=204907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}