{"id":204773,"date":"2024-10-09T18:08:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T17:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=204773"},"modified":"2024-10-09T18:08:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T17:08:09","slug":"z-archivu-a-kronik-zapomenute-ovoce-nasich-babicek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=204773","title":{"rendered":"Z ARCHIV\u016e A KRONIK: Zapomenut\u00e9 ovoce na\u0161ich babi\u010dek"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ovocn\u00e9 stromy pod\u00e9l cest, zapadl\u00e1 m\u00edsta, zapomenut\u00e9 zahrady a divoce rostouc\u00ed ke\u0159e. Zkr\u00e1tka m\u00edsta, kter\u00fdch je v \u010cesku dost, ale m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed o nich v\u00ed. Ovocn\u00e9 stromy a ke\u0159e n\u00e1s v\u017edy \u017eivily, zabra\u0148ovaly erozi, zm\u00edr\u0148ovaly klima, poskytovaly st\u00edn, chr\u00e1nily p\u0159ed hlukem a dokonce slou\u017eily jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed hromosvody. Co je snad je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, povzn\u00e1\u0161ely ducha a pom\u00e1haly v n\u00e1s, lidech, vychov\u00e1vat vztah k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/h6>\n

O rozmanitosti plod\u016f, kter\u00e9 v minulosti nesly na\u0161e sady a zahrady, bychom si dnes asi mohli nechat zd\u00e1t. V\u0161echno se zpracovalo, zava\u0159ilo, nasu\u0161ilo, uskladnilo. Nutno \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee nejen z hospod\u00e1rn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, ale i proto, \u017ee \u010derstv\u00e9 ovoce bylo prost\u011b jen v sezon\u011b. Kdoulon\u011b kdysi nemohly chyb\u011bt v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9m sadu \u010di zahrad\u011b. I kdy\u017e v na\u0161ich kraj\u00edch rostly u\u017e p\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi, staly se v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed exotikou ne\u017e pap\u00e1ja a mango dohromady.<\/p>\n

Dnes se starod\u00e1vn\u00e9 druhy ovoce i jejich poetick\u00e1 jm\u00e9na vracej\u00ed do \u010desk\u00fdch \u00fast. Zapomenut\u00e9 druhy ovoce jsou prakticky v\u0161ude kolem n\u00e1s, jen nemaj\u00ed takovou pozornost jako ty, kter\u00e9 kupujeme denn\u011b. Co kdybyste si ale vyzkou\u0161eli ochutnat ovoce, o kter\u00e9m se u\u017e v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b moc nemluv\u00ed?<\/p>\n

S prvn\u00edmi pokusy o p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kdoulon\u00ed bychom se mohli potkat u\u017e ve starov\u011bku. Je\u0161t\u011b ned\u00e1vno byly velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 i u n\u00e1s \u2013 elegantn\u00ed tvar stromku, n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 kv\u011bty a chutn\u00e9 ovoce \u2013 pro zahradn\u00edka zkr\u00e1tka rostlina ide\u00e1l. Kdoulon\u011b kdysi nechyb\u011bly na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zahrad\u011b. Portugalsky se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 marmelo. Na Balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b se z kdoul\u00ed p\u00e1l\u00ed rakija – dunjeva\u010da. D\u017eem z kdoul\u00ed dal vzniknout slovu marmel\u00e1da.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e babi\u010dky vo\u0148av\u00e9 kdoule p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017elut\u00e1 jablka vyu\u017e\u00edvaly v kuchyni i v dom\u00e1cnosti. Kdoule si d\u00edky sv\u00e9 syt\u011b \u017elut\u00e9 barv\u011b vyslou\u017eily ozna\u010den\u00ed zlat\u00e1 jablka. \u0158ekov\u00e9 je oded\u00e1vna pova\u017eovali za symbol plodnosti. V r\u00e1mci tradi\u010dn\u00edho svatebn\u00edho ob\u0159adu museli \u0159e\u010dt\u00ed novoman\u017eel\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b sn\u00edst syrovou kdouli.<\/p>\n

Kdoule byly naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny tak\u00e9 jablky Venu\u0161in\u00fdmi a pova\u017eovaly se za symboly plodnosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak kdoule p\u0159edstavovala i p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00e9 jablko sv\u00e1ru (n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e Paridovo zlat\u00e9 jablko): bohyn\u011b sv\u00e1ru Eris ukradla jedno zlat\u00e9 jablko a s n\u00e1pisem “T\u00e9 nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed” ho hodila mezi bohyn\u011b H\u00e9ru, Ath\u00e9nu a Afrod\u00edtu.<\/p>\n

Akademik Bohumil N\u011bmec v D\u011bjin\u00e1ch ovocnictv\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee kdoulo\u0148 byla v \u010cech\u00e1ch zn\u00e1ma ji\u017e v 12. stolet\u00ed. Zm\u00ednka o kdouloni je ve slovn\u00edku Glossarium maior (1355\u20131374) od mistra Bartolom\u011bje Klareta. Tade\u00e1\u0161 H\u00e1jek z H\u00e1jku (1525\u20131600) v p\u0159ekladu Matthioliho herb\u00e1\u0159e roku 1562 uv\u00e1d\u00ed druh\u00fd, snad star\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro kdoulo\u0148 a to \u201ekutny\u201c a \u201ekutnov\u00fd strom\u201c.<\/p>\n

Od st\u0159edov\u011bku byly kdoulon\u011b obl\u00edbenou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch zahrad, l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed si cenila abaty\u0161e Hildegarda. Kdoulo\u0148 obecn\u00e1 byla v 15. a\u017e 17. stolet\u00ed velmi obl\u00edben\u00e1. Kdoule jsou za syrova nepo\u017eivateln\u00e9, a proto obl\u00edbenost postupn\u011b s rozvojem sadovnictv\u00ed klesala, p\u0159ednost dostaly jablon\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kdoule se pou\u017e\u00edvaly hlavn\u011b na marmel\u00e1dy a povidla. \u010cerstv\u00e9 se po uva\u0159en\u00ed pod\u00e1valy se smetanou. Kdoule se p\u0159id\u00e1valy p\u0159i va\u0159en\u00ed vep\u0159ov\u00fdch podb\u0159i\u0161k\u016f – v\u0161e se uva\u0159ilo, posekalo, p\u0159idal se tvaroh, vejce a va\u0159en\u00e1 nakr\u00e1jen\u00e1 slepice. Sm\u011bs se vlo\u017eila do t\u011bsta a napln\u011bn\u00e9 t\u011bsto se upeklo. Pe\u010den\u00e9 nebo va\u0159en\u00e9 kdoule maj\u00ed siln\u00e9 antirevmatick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Lid\u00e9 sti\u017een\u00ed revmatick\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi mohou konzumovat n\u011bkolik pe\u010den\u00fdch kdoul\u00ed denn\u011b a b\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 t\u00fddn\u016f se do\u010dkaj\u00ed znateln\u00e9ho zlep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z kdoulov\u00fdch semen bohat\u00fdch na slizovit\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se v \u00cdr\u00e1nu dodnes p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed kapky proti ka\u0161li a z\u00e1n\u011bt\u016fm v krku. Je\u0161t\u011b na za\u010d\u00e1tku stolet\u00ed se ze semen kdoule p\u0159ipravoval slizovit\u00fd maz na o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed prole\u017eenin. Ve v\u016fni kdoul\u00ed se spojuje to nejlep\u0161\u00ed z hru\u0161ek i jablek \u2013 je medov\u011b nasl\u00e1dl\u00e1, t\u0159\u00edslovit\u011b natrpkl\u00e1, lehce nakysl\u00e1, v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00e1. Krom\u011b specifick\u00e9 v\u016fn\u011b m\u00e1 i jedine\u010dnou slupku, velmi tuhou a pokrytou jemn\u00fdmi chloupky, na omak je to nesm\u00edrn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 chu\u0165 se s kdoul\u00ed mazlit, \u010d\u00edm\u017e onen chlupat\u00fd ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161ek ohlad\u00ed do hladka.<\/p>\n

Zral\u00e9 plody pronikav\u011b von\u00ed i p\u0159es slupku, a proto se kdysi d\u00e1valy na dno do sk\u0159\u00edn\u00ed a \u0161atn\u00edk\u016f, aby provon\u011bly pr\u00e1dlo. Kdoule postupn\u011b vysychaj\u00ed a p\u0159itom dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed nevt\u00edravou v\u016fni. A nav\u00edc dokonale odpuzuj\u00ed \u0161atn\u00ed moly. Ale pozor \u2013 kdoule k vysych\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed kolem sebe vzduch, tak\u017ee je nesm\u00edte d\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edmo do pr\u00e1dla, to by za\u010daly hn\u00edt!<\/p>\n

Kdoulov\u00e9 aroma tak trochu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 v\u016fni hru\u0161ek a jablek dohromady, prost\u011b je nezam\u011bniteln\u00e9. Polo\u017ete kdouli na n\u00e1bytek v m\u00edstnosti nebo ji nakr\u00e1jejte na tenk\u00e1 kole\u010dka a voln\u011b zav\u011bste jak dekoraci \u2013 v\u011bzte, \u017ee spolehliv\u011b provon\u00ed byt zhruba stejn\u011b jako aromatick\u00e1 sv\u00ed\u010dka. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd ke\u0159 kdoulovec ozdobn\u00fd japonsk\u00fd se p\u011bstuje v zahrad\u00e1ch a parc\u00edch pro sv\u00e9 n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 a \u010derven\u00e9 kv\u011bty, plody m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed jako \u017elutozelen\u00e1 jabl\u00ed\u010dka, tak\u00e9 kr\u00e1sn\u011b von\u00ed a jdou pou\u017e\u00edt v kuchyni stejn\u011b jako prav\u00e9 kdoule.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako barborky, tak i kdoule m\u00e1 podle lidov\u00e9 pov\u011bry v\u011b\u0161teck\u00e9 schopnosti. V\u011btvi\u010dky ale mus\u00edte na\u0159ezat o p\u016flnoci v p\u0159edve\u010der sv\u00e1tku svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e. Pak je d\u00e1te doma do vody a po\u010dk\u00e1te do \u0160t\u011bdr\u00e9ho dne. Kdy\u017e vyra\u0161\u00ed l\u00edstky, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok v\u00e1s sice \u010dek\u00e1 hodn\u011b pr\u00e1ce, ale \u00fasp\u011bch je tak\u0159ka zaru\u010den. Kv\u011bty p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a bohatstv\u00ed. Ov\u0161em uschl\u00e1 v\u011btvi\u010dka je pokyn k tomu, abyste za\u010dali \u0161et\u0159it.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> ANONYMUS (1937): Kdoule, jemn\u00fd, av\u0161ak st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b neuzn\u00e1van\u00fd druh ovocn\u00fd. \u2013\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 zahradnick\u00e9 listy. 34 DOLEJ\u0160\u00cd A., KOTT V. et \u0160ENK L. (1991): M\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 ovoce. \u2013 Nakladatelstv\u00ed Br\u00e1zda, Praha.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  Ovocn\u00e9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":324839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/09\/ram-ovoce.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204773"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=204773"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":324840,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204773\/revisions\/324840"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/324839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=204773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=204773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=204773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}