{"id":204699,"date":"2024-10-15T13:39:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T12:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=204699"},"modified":"2024-10-17T21:23:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T20:23:14","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-o-kotrcich-ze-sumavy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=204699","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: O kotr\u010d\u00edch ze \u0160umavy"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Jako by se \u010ce\u0161i s podzimem za\u010d\u00ednali d\u011blit na t\u0159i skupiny: ti, kter\u00e9 houby nezaj\u00edmaj\u00ed; ti, kte\u0159\u00ed si hrd\u011b nesou pln\u00e9 ko\u0161\u00edky a ob\u010das nen\u00e1padn\u011b \u0161ilhaj\u00ed, co ostatn\u00ed na to. A ti ostatn\u00ed smutn\u011b \u010di z\u00e1vistiv\u011b hled\u00ed na klobou\u010dky a tou\u017e\u00ed je vlastnit. Inu, je houba\u0159sk\u00e1 sez\u00f3na. Ot\u0159epan\u00fd houba\u0159sk\u00fd vtip \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echny houby jsou jedl\u00e9 \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 ov\u0161em jen jednou.<\/h6>\n

Nen\u00ed to pravda! Kdo nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed, a\u0165 si zkus\u00ed kousnout do n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z takzvan\u00fdch choro\u0161\u016f. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 si vyl\u00e1me zuby! Houby prov\u00e1zej\u00ed lidstvo odnepam\u011bti. Sb\u00edrali je lovci mamut\u016f, znala je azt\u00e9ck\u00e1 i maysk\u00e1 civilizace. Ostatn\u011b i \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 je odjak\u017eiva pova\u017eovali za lah\u016fdku, Italov\u00e9 si bez nich svou kuchyni ani nedovedou p\u0159edstavit. Ano, houby rostou v\u0161ude po sv\u011bt\u011b v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podob\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Nejlep\u0161\u00ed houbov\u00e9 chut\u011b v na\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 kotlin\u011b: zlato z\u00edskal kotr\u010d, st\u0159\u00edbro li\u0161ky, h\u0159ib bronz. Pomysln\u00e9 stup\u00ednky houbov\u00fdch \u0161ampion\u016f nakonec obsadily ty, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed v\u00fdraznou chut\u00ed i v\u016fn\u00ed. Ko\u0159enitost a k\u0159upavost kotr\u010de je jedine\u010dn\u00e1, proto se stal absolutn\u00edm v\u00edt\u011bzem. \u0160umavsk\u00fd houbov\u00fd rok je letos na kotr\u010de rekordn\u00ed. Sucho jim toti\u017e tolik nevad\u00ed, vl\u00e1hu saj\u00ed z ko\u0159en\u016f strom\u016f. N\u011bkdy jsou tak obrovsk\u00e9, \u017ee z \u00falovk\u016f bol\u00ed ruce. Nem\u016f\u017eete si jej spl\u00e9st: ona nadzemn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st kotr\u010de se n\u00e1padn\u011b podob\u00e1 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 myc\u00ed houb\u011b. Chu\u0165 m\u00e1 o\u0159echovou, v\u016fni siln\u011b ko\u0159ennou \u2013 a jen pro pobaven\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee jist\u00fd v\u011bhlasn\u00fd mykolog ji p\u0159ipodob\u0148uje k v\u016fni p\u0159\u00edrodopisn\u00e9ho kabinetu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ednost\u00ed kotr\u010de je jeho ne\u010dervivost. Du\u017eninu m\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161 tu\u017e\u0161\u00ed, proto po\u010d\u00edtejte s del\u0161\u00ed tepelnou \u00fapravou. Ide\u00e1ln\u011b se hod\u00ed do pol\u00e9vek, nebo si ho usma\u017ete v t\u011bst\u00ed\u010dku. Kotr\u010d kade\u0159av\u00fd je p\u00fdchou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho houba\u0159e. Latinsky se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Sparassis crispa. N\u011bmci mu \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed Krause Glucke nebo Fette Henne a pro Francouze je to Sparassis cr\u00e9pu. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zl\u00e9ho pana Kotr\u010de z ve\u010dern\u00ed\u010dku O hajn\u00e9m Rob\u00e1tkovi a jelenu V\u011btrn\u00edkovi, ale o kotr\u010d kade\u0159av\u00fd. P\u0159ekvapen\u00ed je\u017e pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed jak oko, tak i chu\u0165 gurm\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

Tato houba je prapodivn\u00e1, vo\u0148av\u00e1 a chutn\u00e1, a jej\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee si ji nem\u016f\u017eete spl\u00e9st s \u017e\u00e1dnou nejedlou \u010di jedovatou. Jej\u00ed mnohdy velk\u00e9 plodnice se objevuj\u00ed na stejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech i po dobu n\u011bkolika let, tak\u017ee o pln\u00fd ko\u0161\u00edk m\u00e1te postar\u00e1no. Tuhle zaj\u00edmavou houbu m\u016f\u017eete nach\u00e1zet u\u017e od \u010dervna a\u017e do z\u00e1mrazu v\u00fdhradn\u011b u kmen\u016f strom\u016f. N\u011bkdy zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vyr\u016fst\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo z jehli\u010d\u00ed, ale ony ty ko\u0159eny strom\u016f n\u011bkde dole budou. Tak\u00e9 padl\u00e9 kmeny ho \u010dasto host\u00ed. B\u00fdv\u00e1 dlouho v\u011brn\u00fd sv\u00e9mu stanovi\u0161ti a tak zpravidla sta\u010d\u00ed obch\u00e1zet m\u00edsta,kde loni byl. Kr\u00e1sn\u011b von\u00ed,vypad\u00e1 \u00fahledn\u011b, ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1lez b\u00fdv\u00e1 pro mne sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd si pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b vychutn\u00e1v\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 kousky m\u00edvaj\u00ed i n\u011bkolik kilogram\u016f a tak hrav\u011b pod\u011bl\u00edte po\u010detn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzenstvo a kamar\u00e1dy. Nev\u00fdhodou b\u00fdv\u00e1 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plodnic substr\u00e1tem, ze kter\u00e9ho vyr\u016fst\u00e1. P\u00edsek, zemina, jehlice a v\u011btvi\u010dky jsou \u010dasto kompaktn\u011b vrostl\u00e9 do kotr\u010de. Ten jako by obj\u00edmal prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se dere na povrch. V kuchyni je kotr\u010d prav\u00fdm pokladem a spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 hospody\u0148ka nad n\u00edm radostn\u011b j\u00e1s\u00e1. N\u011bkdy to b\u00fdv\u00e1 i hospod\u00e1\u0159, proto\u017ee \u0159ada z n\u00e1s r\u00e1da sv\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy tak\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 a p\u0159ipravuje z nich origin\u00e1ln\u00ed pokrmy. Usu\u0161en\u00fd siln\u011b von\u00ed, su\u0161\u00ed se dob\u0159e a velmi rychle, sma\u017eenici v\u017edy obohat\u00ed, u\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 dr\u0161\u0165kovka nem\u00e1 chybu ani konkurenci, v octu je atraktivn\u00ed sv\u00fdm vzhledem i chut\u00ed.\u00a0 A co teprve \u0159\u00edzky… Nemus\u00edte ani obalovat,abyste vyrobili gurm\u00e1nskou lah\u016fdku s neopakovatelnou v\u016fn\u00ed a chut\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed dotaz,zda je kotr\u010d kade\u0159av\u00fd zam\u011bniteln\u00fd. Se zku\u0161enost\u00ed s bezb\u0159ehou fantazi\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch taky sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f mus\u00edm p\u0159ipustit,\u017ee ano. Pokud si ov\u0161em d\u00e1te houbu “do voka”, nem\u011bli byste se spl\u00e9st. Existuje n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f kotr\u010d\u016f, ale ty jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, zrovna jako trochu podobn\u00fd trsnatec lupenit\u00fd nebo choro\u0161 o\u0159\u00ed\u0161. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 mo\u017enost z\u00e1m\u011bny s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi ku\u0159\u00e1tky, ale jak jsem v\u00fd\u0161e poznamenal, kotr\u010d je velmi charakteristick\u00fd sv\u00fdm vzhledem. Pokud se v\u00e1m kotr\u010de poda\u0159\u00ed nal\u00e9zt, dob\u0159e si toto m\u00edsto zapamatujte a podle odborn\u00edk\u016f toti\u017e vyr\u016fst\u00e1 na jednom m\u00edst\u011b pravideln\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem. P\u0159i sb\u011bru ov\u0161em mus\u00edte d\u00e1t pozor, abyste nepo\u0161kodili jeho podhoub\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Houba\u0159sk\u00e1 latina vysv\u011btluje toto: houby skute\u010dn\u011b rostou cel\u00fd rok, ale nejednou p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u011b daleko od sebe! Ov\u0161em i kdy\u017e nenajdeme v\u016fbec nic, proch\u00e1zka lesem nebo parkem je\u0161t\u011b nikdy nikomu neu\u0161kodila! Tak se nenechte odradit \u2013 a dobr\u00fd lov! P\u0159eji hodn\u011b podzimn\u00edch \u00falovk\u016f, m\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u0161\u0165at a pohodu v tich\u00e9m vlhk\u00e9m lese…A je\u0161t\u011b houba\u0159skou pov\u011bst: Houba\u0159en\u00ed bylo op\u0159edena nejednou lidovou pov\u011brou. V\u011b\u0159ilo se nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee zrovna tak, jako ka\u017ed\u00fd strom v lese, tak i v\u0161echny lesn\u00ed plody a houby jsou pod ochranou mal\u00fdch, nepatrn\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se stanou neviditeln\u00fdmi p\u0159i vstupu lid\u00ed do lesa. T\u011bmto bytostem se v\u017edy musely ob\u011btovat prvn\u00ed t\u0159i lesn\u00ed jahody, bor\u016fvky, maliny nebo brusinky, \u010di ostru\u017einy, a to tak, \u017ee se hodily p\u0159es hlavu a pak pr\u00fd jako z\u00e1zrakem brzy se naplnily n\u00e1doby ke sb\u011bru on\u011bch lesn\u00edch plod\u016f ur\u010den\u00e9. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak n\u011bkdo opomn\u011bl tak u\u010dinit, m\u011bl pak velk\u00fd ne\u00fasp\u011bch p\u0159i sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a tak\u00e9 obt\u011b\u017eoval jej i v\u0161elijak\u00fd hmyz a nebo se dokonce vr\u00e1til dom\u016f s polopr\u00e1zdn\u00fdm d\u017eb\u00e1nkem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed hub se zase nesm\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nejedl\u00e1 houba povalit, \u010di n\u011bjak po\u0161kodit, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b muchom\u016frky \u010derven\u00e9, nebo\u0165 v jej\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti \u017eil pr\u00fd str\u00e1\u017ece v\u0161ech hub – mal\u00fd trpasl\u00edk, kter\u00fd hodn\u00e9mu houba\u0159i postavil p\u0159ed o\u010di kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho jedl\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00edbka. P\u0159i\u0161el-li v\u0161ak n\u011bkdo zl\u00fd do lesa, a to jen ze ziskuchtivosti a chamtivosti, ze vzteku je\u0161t\u011b rozkop\u00e1val nejedl\u00e9 houby, tomu se str\u00e1\u017ece mstil tak, \u017ee mu na v\u011btve strom\u016f a ke\u0159e rozv\u011b\u0161oval pavu\u010diny a do cesty mu kladl v\u011btve, o n\u011b\u017e musel zakop\u00e1vat a ten pak zanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn neust\u00e1l\u00fdm vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00edm se napadan\u00fdm v\u011btv\u00edm a ot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm obli\u010deje docela nic nena\u0161el.<\/p>\n

Naproti tomu zase chud\u00fdm \u0160umav\u00e1k\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li do lesa jen proto, aby si zpest\u0159ili sv\u016fj u\u017e tak dosti skrovn\u00fd j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek, t\u011bm stav\u011bl do cesty ty nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jedl\u00e9 h\u0159\u00edbky. Tak\u00e9 star\u00e9 a ji\u017e zvadl\u00e9 h\u0159iby se nesm\u011bly po\u0161kodit, musely se ponechat v lese, pr\u00fd pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed \u0161umav\u00e1ci v\u011b\u0159ili i na to, \u017ee sv. Prokop je patronem v\u0161ech jedl\u00fdch hub a leckte\u0159\u00ed z nich p\u0159i vstupu do lesa pronesli k n\u011bmu kr\u00e1tkou \u0159\u00edkanku. Pak si pr\u00fd p\u0159inesli dom\u016f pln\u00fd ko\u0161\u00edk hub. Mezi lidmi, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi ve star\u00fdch \u0161umavsk\u00fdch hvozdech kolovaly i takov\u00e9 pov\u011bsti, \u017ee v mechu \u017eije jak\u00fdsi n\u00e1rod dobr\u00fdch lidi\u010dek, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou lidem p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b naklon\u011bni a tak\u00e9 jim.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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