{"id":196799,"date":"2020-07-10T21:27:37","date_gmt":"2020-07-10T20:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=196799"},"modified":"2020-07-10T21:27:37","modified_gmt":"2020-07-10T20:27:37","slug":"cesky-hydrometeorologicky-ustav-stredoevropske-leto-jake-je","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=196799","title":{"rendered":"\u010cESK\u00dd HYDROMETEOROLOGICK\u00dd \u00daSTAV: St\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 l\u00e9to \u2013 jak\u00e9 je?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Za posledn\u00ed rekordn\u011b tepl\u00e1 l\u00e9ta si mnoz\u00ed zvykli na to, \u017ee tropick\u00e9 dny (tj. dny s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotou vzduchu alespo\u0148 30 \u00b0C) jsou pro n\u00e1\u0161 prostor ve st\u0159edu Evropy norm\u00e1ln\u00ed. Ale po pravd\u011b \u2013 nen\u00ed tomu tak. St\u0159edn\u00ed Evropa pat\u0159\u00ed do m\u00edrn\u00fdch zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159ek severn\u00ed polokoule, kde je v souladu se v\u0161eobecnou cirkulac\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed (tzv. zon\u00e1ln\u00ed) proud\u011bn\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\"\"V\u00edtr tedy fouk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou ze z\u00e1padn\u00edch sm\u011br\u016f, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k n\u00e1m vzduch z Atlantiku, jen m\u00edrn\u011b transformovan\u00fd (tedy \u201eupraven\u00fd\u201c) p\u0159echodem Evropy z\u00e1padn\u00ed. A v tepl\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch plat\u00ed, \u017ee oce\u00e1ny jsou v m\u00edrn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kontinenty, nejedn\u00e1 se tedy zrovna o vzduch hork\u00fd nebo aspo\u0148 velmi tepl\u00fd. V z\u00e1padn\u00edm proud\u011bn\u00ed se u n\u00e1s nav\u00edc vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty, st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 se teplej\u0161\u00ed vzduch se studen\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, po\u010das\u00ed nevydr\u017e\u00ed ust\u00e1len\u00e9, na p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch front\u00e1ch \u010dasto vypad\u00e1vaj\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky. A to je dal\u0161\u00ed charakteristick\u00fd rys podneb\u00ed u n\u00e1s. Vliv Atlantiku u\u017e sl\u00e1bne, a ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b tak p\u0159eva\u017euje sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 maximum pr\u00e1v\u011b v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Ne nadarmo existuje mezi klimaticky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi dny tzv. den letn\u00ed, tedy den s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotou vzduchu aspo\u0148 25 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 tropick\u00e9 dny jsou tak u n\u00e1s spojen\u00e9 s men\u0161inov\u00fdm typem cirkulace, kdy se vzduch dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy z jihov\u00fdchodu a\u017e jihoz\u00e1padu. Takov\u00e9m proud\u011bn\u00ed se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 meridion\u00e1ln\u00ed (mohlo by b\u00fdt i ze severn\u00edch sm\u011br\u016f, tak ale u n\u00e1s tropy nevykouzl\u00edme). Typicky se jedn\u00e1 o situace s \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed tlakovou v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed se st\u0159edem jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b nebo tlakovou n\u00ed\u017ei se st\u0159edem jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b a\u017e z\u00e1padn\u011b od n\u00e1s. Po\u010det podobn\u00fdch situac\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch letech se ale zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00edv\u00e1me-li se na statistiku tropick\u00fdch dn\u016f ve t\u0159et\u00edm tis\u00edcilet\u00ed (tedy od roku 2001 do roku 2019), kol\u00edsal jejich po\u010det na stanici v Praze (na Libu\u0161i) mezi 6 (v l\u00e9t\u011b 2001) a 34 (2015). V Brn\u011b \u2013 \u017dabov\u0159esk\u00e1ch pak od 12 (2005) do 45 (2018) a v Ostrav\u011b \u2013 Porub\u011b od 8 (2005) do 32 (2015). Z rozd\u00edl\u016f je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee ani v tomto velmi tepl\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho se mnoh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta dostala do prvn\u00ed des\u00edtky t\u011bch nejteplej\u0161\u00edch, nem\u00e1me zaji\u0161t\u011bno n\u011bjak\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 hork\u00e9 l\u00e9to.<\/p>\n

Je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se leto\u0161n\u00ed l\u00e9to dostane v po\u010dtu tropick\u00fdch dn\u016f do \u201ezlat\u00e9ho, dobr\u00e9ho st\u0159edu\u201c, ostatn\u011b i dlouhodob\u00e9 sez\u00f3nn\u00ed v\u00fdhledy u n\u00e1s p\u0159edpov\u00eddaly v\u011bt\u0161inou jako nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variantu sez\u00f3nn\u00ed teplotu vzduchu norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo jen slab\u011b nadnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed, sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd \u00fahrn za cel\u00e9 l\u00e9to pak norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo jen slab\u011b podnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed. O\u010dek\u00e1vat tedy t\u0159et\u00ed l\u00e9to za sebou s extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdmi po\u010dty tropick\u00fdch dn\u016f je tak trochu bl\u00e1hov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

A bu\u010fme r\u00e1di, st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 l\u00e9to je mnohem p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 venkovn\u00ed aktivity, a\u0165 u\u017e to je turistika, cykloturistika, vod\u00e1ctv\u00ed, horsk\u00e9 t\u00fary. Tak a\u0165 se v\u00e1m vyda\u0159\u00ed!<\/p>\n

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Martin NOV\u00c1K,\u00a0\u010cesk\u00fd hydrometeorologick\u00fd \u00fastav<\/strong><\/p>\n

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