{"id":193169,"date":"2022-06-01T20:59:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T19:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=193169"},"modified":"2022-06-01T21:01:15","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T20:01:15","slug":"stara-sumava-letnice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=193169","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Letnice"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Selsk\u00e9 Letnice<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Star\u00fd sedl\u00e1k sezen\u00edm unaven<\/em>
\n a zv\u011bdav, jak si zrno letos stoj\u00ed,<\/em>
\n za Letnic, kdy je modrost\u0159\u00edbr\u00fd den,<\/em>
\n jde po mez\u00edch se pomalou\u010dku proj\u00edt.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hled\u00ed tak, cosi muml\u00e1 pro sebe<\/em>
\n a nad poli svatoz\u00e1\u0159 rozl\u00e9v\u00e1 se.<\/em>
\n L\u00e1ny jdou vlny st\u00edn\u016f pod nebem,<\/em>
\n to obil\u00ed mu kvete v pln\u00e9 kr\u00e1se.<\/em><\/p>\n

Usm\u00edv\u00e1 se, je sam\u00fd jas a svit<\/em>
\n a klasy ho\u0159\u00ed kolem jeho tv\u00e1\u0159e<\/em>
\n a zlat\u00fdm ohn\u011bm vid\u00ed Boha j\u00edt<\/em>
\n a pokleknout pak uprost\u0159ed t\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ve starov\u011bku slavila tento sv\u00e1tek c\u00edrkev ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b brzy; prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky se objevuj\u00ed v\u0161ak a\u017e ve 3. stolet\u00ed. Proto\u017ee v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed letnicemi vrchol\u00ed pades\u00e1tidenn\u00ed oslava Velikonoc, byly (a nad\u00e1le jsou) letnice pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za jednu z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch slavnost\u00ed v\u016fbec.<\/h6>\n

Ve 4. stolet\u00ed se za\u010dala v p\u0159edve\u010der t\u00e9to slavnosti slavit vigilie a po n\u00ed se slavil okt\u00e1v Sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Ducha svat\u00e9ho. Liturgick\u00e1 barva letnic byla v\u017edy \u010derven\u00e1 \u2013 tento zvyk z\u0159ejm\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze slavnostn\u00edho \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho od\u011bvu, kter\u00fd byl barven purpurem. \u010cerven\u00e1 barva p\u0159i k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch bohoslu\u017eb\u00e1ch vych\u00e1z\u00ed z barvy ohniv\u00fdch jazyk\u016f p\u0159i sesl\u00e1n\u00ed Ducha svat\u00e9ho na apo\u0161toly.<\/p>\n

V \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch se letnice slavily od p\u0159\u00edchodu k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, av\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b dlouho pot\u00e9 v lidov\u00e9 zbo\u017enosti p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed pohansk\u00e9 oby\u010deje, by\u0165 naroubovan\u00e9 na nov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 i kronik\u00e1\u0159 Kosmas, kdy\u017e roku 1092 p\u00ed\u0161e o kn\u00ed\u017eeti B\u0159etislavu II., \u017ee vyh\u00e1n\u011bl ze zem\u011b \u010darod\u011bjn\u00edky, v\u011b\u0161tce a pohansk\u00e9 hada\u010de. Kn\u00ed\u017ee vyko\u0159enil podle Kosmy t\u00e9\u017e \u201eoby\u010deje pov\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 vesni\u010dan\u00e9, posud polopohan\u00e9, o Letnic\u00edch v outer\u00fd nebo ve st\u0159edu zachov\u00e1vali, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edce d\u00e1rky ke stud\u00e1nk\u00e1m, ob\u011bti zab\u00edjeli a zl\u00fdm duch\u016fm ob\u011btovali\u201c.<\/p>\n

BO\u017d\u00cd HOD SVATODU\u0160N\u00cd (NED\u011aLE)<\/strong>
\nO svatodu\u0161n\u00ed ned\u011bli byly v\u0161echny olt\u00e1\u0159e bohat\u011b zdobeny kv\u011bty, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm r\u016f\u017eemi (proto se v lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed letnic\u00edm \u0159\u00edkalo tak\u00e9 roz\u00e1lie). Lid\u00e9 zdobili sv\u00e9 domy \u010derstvou zelen\u00ed, d\u00e1vali b\u0159ezov\u00e9 a bukov\u00e9 v\u011btvi\u010dky do v\u00e1z, aby se na nich mohl usadit duch svat\u00fd. \u010cerstv\u00e9 ratolesti m\u011bly domu p\u0159in\u00e9st \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee posv\u011bcen\u00e9 v\u011btvi\u010dky ochr\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fm a dobytek p\u0159ed pohromou. Pokud v\u011btvi\u010dky ve vod\u011b uvadly \u010di uschly do sv\u00e1tku Bo\u017e\u00edho t\u011bla, m\u011bl v tomto roce n\u011bkdo z rodiny zem\u0159\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Letnice byly tak\u00e9 sv\u00e1tkem past\u00fd\u0159\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd past\u00fd\u0159 se o Letnic\u00edch sna\u017eil vyhnat dobytek na pastvu co nejd\u0159\u00edve. Kdy\u017e se n\u011bkter\u00fd opozdil, ostatn\u00ed se mu vysm\u00edvali. Stejn\u011b tak se stal ter\u010dem posm\u011bchu ten, kdo na Letnice dlouho spal. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech byl dobytek p\u0159ed vyhn\u00e1n\u00edm na pastvu ov\u011bn\u010den a post\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n vodou. Dosp\u011bl\u00e1 d\u011bv\u010data byla v noci ze svatodu\u0161n\u00ed soboty na svatodu\u0161n\u00ed ned\u011bli ter\u010dem v\u0161elijak\u00fdch \u0161elmovstv\u00ed. Pokud bylo v uplynul\u00e9m roce n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich opu\u0161t\u011bno sv\u00fdm mil\u00fdm, byla te\u010f cesta k ok\u00fdnku jeho kom\u016frky vysyp\u00e1na v\u00e1pnem, aby cel\u00fd sv\u011bt spat\u0159il tu “v\u00e1pennou p\u011b\u0161inku” a mohl se zhrzen\u00e9 vysm\u00e1t. Stoli\u010dku na dojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jinak p\u0159es noc st\u00e1la p\u0159ede dve\u0159mi do st\u00e1je, musila m\u00edt d\u011bv\u010data o svatodu\u0161n\u00ed noci z ned\u011ble na pond\u011blek pod starostliv\u00fdm dozorem, jinak by to dom\u00e1c\u00ed n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed hodili m\u00edstn\u00ed chasn\u00edci do rybn\u00edka, odkud by je d\u011bve\u010dky r\u00e1no na svatodu\u0161n\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed musely teprve pracn\u011b lovit, ne\u017e by se vydaly do st\u00e1je za prac\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 mnoh\u00fd zapomenut\u00fd “cimr\u0161tok” ( stoli\u010dka, sed\u00e1tko, podno\u017eka, stup\u00e1tko v m\u00edstnosti) plaval r\u00e1no na svatodu\u0161n\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed vesele po vod\u011b. \u0158\u00edkalo se tomu, \u017ee se “kr\u00e1lovny koupou”. Kdy\u017e n\u011bjak\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159 zapomn\u011bl odstavit v\u016fz do stodoly, na\u0161el ho jist\u011b o svatodu\u0161n\u00edm pond\u011bl\u00ed r\u00e1no naho\u0159e na h\u0159ebeni st\u0159echy.<\/p>\n

O letnic\u00edch se “koupal kr\u00e1l”. \u0158\u00edkalo se tak j\u00edzd\u011b mlad\u00fdch pacholk\u016f od kon\u00ed k rybn\u00edku, kde se “na brodu” plav\u00edvalo. V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch se nesm\u011bly d\u011bti voln\u011b koupat. O svatodu\u0161n\u00edch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch ale musely nejprve j\u00edt do vody, aby jim sahala po kolena, pak se vodou t\u0159ikr\u00e1t post\u0159\u00edkat; teprve te\u010f se sm\u011bly pono\u0159it do n\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b a d\u00e1l u\u017e se v n\u00ed koupat podle libosti. Krom\u011b c\u00edrkevn\u00edch oslav doprov\u00e1zely letnice od st\u0159edov\u011bku bujar\u00e9 oslavy, hostiny, tanec a zp\u011bv, proti kter\u00fdm marn\u011b brojili mravok\u00e1rci. Se svatodu\u0161n\u00edmi sv\u00e1tky se tak\u00e9 spojovaly nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pov\u011bry, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1pas proti ne\u010dist\u00fdm sil\u00e1m \u2013 \u010darod\u011bjnic\u00edm. V podve\u010der vych\u00e1zeli chasn\u00edci na n\u00e1ves a pr\u00e1skali bi\u010di, aby h\u0159motem zahnali zl\u00e9 \u010darod\u011bjnice.<\/p>\n

SVATODU\u0160N\u00cd POND\u011aL\u00cd<\/strong>
\nZat\u00edmco ned\u011ble m\u011bla r\u00e1z p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm oslav c\u00edrkevn\u00edch, v pond\u011bl\u00ed dominovaly rozmanit\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 oby\u010deje. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm oby\u010dejem byl zvyk ml\u00e1de\u017ee strojit se za kr\u00e1le, kr\u00e1lovnu a jejich dru\u017einu (slavn\u00e9 \u201ej\u00edzdy kr\u00e1l\u016f\u201c se dodnes uchovaly na Slov\u00e1cku). Pr\u016fvod s kr\u00e1lem chodil po vsi, vtipkoval, chv\u00e1lil nebo k\u00e1ral hospod\u00e1\u0159e a \u010dele\u010f, p\u0159ed\u0159\u00edk\u00e1val rozmanit\u00e9 ver\u0161e; za to dost\u00e1vali od hospod\u00e1\u0159\u016f d\u00e1rky. Obvykle to skon\u010dilo pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00edm kr\u00e1le, vhozen\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9ho \u010dlena pr\u016fvodu do vody, z\u00e1vody na kon\u00edch a podobn\u011b. To bylo z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma, obm\u011b\u0148ovan\u00e9 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch, s rozli\u010dn\u00fdmi maskami a dal\u0161\u00edmi podrobnostmi.
\nVe staro\u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bstech existoval zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zvyk , zvan\u00fd \u201est\u0159\u00edlen\u00ed ku pt\u00e1ku\u201c. Z\u00e1bava p\u0159i\u0161la z ciziny, ve 13. stolet\u00ed jsou o n\u00ed zm\u00ednky v N\u011bmecku, v \u010cech\u00e1ch se stala po husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch velmi obl\u00edben\u00e1. Na dlouhou d\u0159ev\u011bnou ty\u010d se upevnil p\u016fvodn\u011b \u017eiv\u00fd, pozd\u011bji d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd pt\u00e1k, na kter\u00e9ho se st\u0159\u00edlelo z ku\u0161e, pozd\u011bji z pu\u0161ky. Kdo sest\u0159elil pt\u00e1ka jako prvn\u00ed, stal se kr\u00e1lem. Potom chodili d\u016fm od domu a zp\u00edvali p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b, obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eertovn\u00e9 posm\u011b\u0161ky na jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dleny dom\u00e1cnosti; za to obdr\u017eeli v\u00fdslu\u017eku.<\/p>\n

Zp\u011bv vodn\u00edho pt\u00e1ka. Tento oby\u010dej byl popul\u00e1rn\u00ed mezi n\u011bmeck\u00fdm obyvatelstvem na \u0160umav\u011b a p\u0159inesli ho z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci z Bavorska. V noci z ned\u011ble na svatodu\u0161n\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed se se\u0161li chlapci za vs\u00ed a zvolili \u201cvodn\u00edho pt\u00e1ka\u201d neboli p\u0159edzp\u011bv\u00e1ka. Pak \u0161li spole\u010dn\u011b d\u016fm od domu a pod okny prozp\u011bvovali \u017eertovn\u00e9 posm\u011b\u0161ky na jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dleny rodiny. Ti v\u0161ak u\u017e byli p\u0159ichyst\u00e1ni s v\u011bdry na p\u016fd\u011b, a kdy\u017e chlapci dozp\u00edvali, vylili na n\u011b vodu z v\u011bder. Teprve pak sm\u011bli mok\u0159\u00ed zp\u011bv\u00e1ci dovnit\u0159 a dostali v\u00fdslu\u017eku. Kdy\u017e obe\u0161li celou vesnici, su\u0161ili se v hospod\u011b a z vajec, ml\u00e9ka, \u0161peku a v\u0161eho co dostali, si uspo\u0159\u00e1dali hostinu.<\/p>\n

A je\u0161t\u011b pranostiky:<\/strong>
\nO svat\u00e9m Du\u0161e cho\u010f je\u0161t\u011b v ko\u017ei\u0161e.<\/em>
\n Na svat\u00e9ho Ducha nesvl\u00e9kej ko\u017eicha; po svat\u00e9m Duchu nezbavuj se ko\u017eichu.<\/em>
\n D\u00e9\u0161\u0165 o letnic\u00edch – slunce na Bo\u017e\u00ed t\u011blo.<\/em>
\n Na svat\u00e9ho Ducha bl\u00e1to – bude lacin\u00e9 ml\u00e1to.<\/em>
\n Pr\u0161\u00ed-li na svat\u00e9ho Ducha, jsou klep\u00e1na \u017eita.<\/em>
\n Pohoda na svatodu\u0161n\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed slibuje \u00farodu.<\/em>
\n Kdy\u017e pr\u0161\u00ed v pond\u011bl\u00ed svatodu\u0161n\u00ed, bude zk\u00e1za na sena<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Selsk\u00e9 Letnice Leo Hans Mally autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, Pastorace nakladatelstv\u00ed teologie<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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