{"id":193146,"date":"2026-05-24T11:16:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-24T10:16:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=193146"},"modified":"2026-05-24T11:16:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T10:16:58","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-tradice-kaceni-maje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=193146","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Tradice k\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00e1je"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

K\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00e1je – oslava ml\u00e1d\u00ed a jara. Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1je na po\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna a jej\u00ed k\u00e1cen\u00ed na konci m\u011bs\u00edce kv\u011btna, je jednou z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tradic \u010desk\u00e9ho venkova. K\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00e1je m\u00edvalo v\u017edy sv\u00e1 pravidla a prov\u00e1zely je ur\u010dit\u00e9 ceremoni\u00e1ly.<\/h6>\n

Do druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky bylo k\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00e1je velmi slavnostn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, kterou doprov\u00e1zely v\u00fdjevy s \u017eertovn\u00fdmi \u0161arv\u00e1tkami mezi hajn\u00fdm a zlod\u011bji stromu. Kdy\u017e nade\u0161el den k\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00e1je, to bylo v\u011bt\u0161inou o posledn\u00ed m\u00e1jov\u00e9 ned\u011bli, prov\u00e1d\u011bla ml\u00e1de\u017e je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vlastn\u00edm k\u00e1cen\u00edm obch\u016fzku obc\u00ed. V \u010dele pr\u016fvodu kr\u00e1\u010dela b\u00edle od\u011bn\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovna doprov\u00e1zen\u00e1 skupinou nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch masek. Nechyb\u011bli zde d\u0159evorubci nesouc\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, myslivec, sedl\u00e1k, \u017eid, cik\u00e1n, fla\u0161inet\u00e1\u0159 atd.<\/p>\n

K\u00e1cen\u00ed m\u00e1je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u016fsobiv\u00fd charakter. P\u0159ed m\u00e1j nejd\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edstoupil \u017eid a d\u00e1val posunky najevo, \u017ee by cht\u011bl m\u00e1j koupit. Potom vyjedn\u00e1val s myslivcem, kter\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl na koni. Kdy\u017e se dohodli, myslivec p\u0159ivolal d\u0159evorubce a ode\u0161el spole\u010dn\u011b s \u017eidem n\u011bkam stranou, aby od n\u011bho inkasoval \u201elitkup\u201c (zap\u00edjen\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e9 koup\u011b). Mezit\u00edm za\u010dali d\u0159evorubci k\u00e1cet m\u00e1j. Po\u010d\u00ednali si v\u0161ak velmi ne\u0161ikovn\u011b. N\u00e1hle se objevil dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edk s brusem a nab\u00eddl se, \u017ee jim n\u00e1stroje nabrous\u00ed. Objevily se tak\u00e9 \u017eeny d\u0159evorubc\u016f s ob\u011bdem. Ten tvo\u0159ily pilinami pln\u011bn\u00e9 vu\u0159ty, shnil\u00e1 \u0159epa, syrov\u00e9 brambory a dal\u0161\u00ed pochutiny. Za sv\u00e9 kucha\u0159sk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed dostaly \u017eeny odm\u011bnu v podob\u011b v\u00fdprasku. Za v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho zmatku se vr\u00e1til myslivec a hnal d\u0159evorubce znovu do pr\u00e1ce. Kdy\u017e se nakonec poda\u0159ilo m\u00e1j sk\u00e1cet, ihned kdy\u017e dopadl k zemi, \u0159\u00edtili se k n\u011bmu v\u0161ichni p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00ed, aby si vybojovali jeho ozdobn\u00fd vr\u0161ek. Ten, komu se to poda\u0159ilo, byl potom oby\u010dejn\u011b bohat\u011b obdarov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

V bl\u00edzkosti m\u00e1je se po celou dobu pohyboval tak\u00e9 \u201ehloup\u00fd August\u201c, kter\u00fd se sv\u00fdmi \u017eertovn\u00fdmi kousky sna\u017eil rozesm\u00e1t p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed div\u00e1ky. Mlad\u00edk, p\u0159evle\u010den za kosteln\u00edka, obch\u00e1zel p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 s m\u011b\u0161cem a vyb\u00edral od nich pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e byl posl\u00e9ze padl\u00fd kmen m\u00e1je vydra\u017een, p\u0159ivedl myslivec m\u00e1jovou kr\u00e1lovnu. Byla to do b\u00edl\u00fdch \u0161at\u016f od\u011bn\u00e1 d\u00edvka se zlatou korunkou na hlav\u011b, kter\u00e1 v rukou nesla \u010derstv\u00fd, barevn\u00fdmi f\u00e1bory a cigaretami ozdoben\u00fd stromek. Myslivec potom je\u0161t\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b s brusi\u010dem n\u016f\u017eek odvedl m\u00e1jovou kr\u00e1lovnu za doprovodu kapely, j\u00e1sotu d\u0159evorubc\u016f a tak\u00e9 jejich \u017een do kostela. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vlastn\u00edm ukon\u010den\u00edm m\u00e1jov\u00e9ho v\u011bne\u010dku byl vydra\u017een tak\u00e9 stromek m\u00e1jov\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovny. Posl\u00e9ze se v\u0161ichni odebrali do hospody, kde se p\u0159i muzice veselili a\u017e do pozdn\u00edch ve\u010dern\u00edch hodin.<\/p>\n

Slavnost po\u0159\u00e1daly ve t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch letech n\u011bmeck\u00e9 spolky a ne z\u0159\u00eddka se do n\u00ed za\u010dle\u0148ovaly nov\u00e9 prvky, nap\u0159. divadeln\u00ed sc\u00e9nky, pr\u016fvod maskovan\u00fdch postav z poh\u00e1dek, ale i d\u011btsk\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed hry, m\u00edstn\u00ed tance v pod\u00e1n\u00ed krojovan\u00e9 ml\u00e1de\u017ee. D\u00e1le p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl k m\u00e1ji ko\u010d\u00e1r s m\u00e1jovou kr\u00e1lovnou, jej\u00edm\u017e partnerem se stal ml\u00e1denec, kter\u00fd z\u00edskal vr\u0161ek m\u00e1je. Zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak nalo\u017eit s pok\u00e1cen\u00fdm m\u00e1jem, existuje tak\u00e9 v\u00edcero. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch chlapci bojovali o vrcholek pok\u00e1cen\u00e9 m\u00e1je. Zelen\u00fd vr\u0161ek symbolizoval \u017eivot, kter\u00fd vzejde ze spojen\u00ed obou pohlav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V Bavorsku je zn\u00e1m “stu\u017ekov\u00fd tanec”, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e se d\u00edvky a chlapci dr\u017e\u00ed stu\u017eky p\u0159iv\u00e1zan\u00e9 k v\u011bnci. P\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dce se k sob\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e a bl\u00ed\u017e. Jinde se dra\u017eil kmen nebo v\u011bnec zav\u011b\u0161en\u00fd pod vrcholkem m\u00e1je, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na n\u011bm p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. Dra\u017ebu kmene b\u011bhem 20. stolet\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahradila tombola, v n\u00ed\u017e pora\u017een\u00e1 m\u00e1je p\u0159edstavovala hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhru, n\u011bkdy dokonce v\u00fdhru jedinou. Na \u0160umav\u011b b\u00fdval s Letnicemi spojen star\u00fd zvyk, \u017ee chlapci posadili d\u011bv\u010data do voz\u00edk\u016f a b\u011b\u017eeli s nimi o z\u00e1vod k m\u00e1jce. N\u011bkde se konaly “m\u00e1jov\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky” \u010di “dra\u017eby” d\u011bv\u010dat chlapc\u016fm. Vydra\u017een\u00e1 dvojice spolu musela z\u016fstat rok, co\u017e \u010dasto kon\u010dilo svatbou.<\/p>\n

V takzvan\u00fdch “m\u00e1jov\u00fdch t\u00e1borech” se za star\u00fdch \u010das\u016f konaly svatebn\u00ed b\u011bhy, b\u011bhy o nev\u011bstu a ozna\u010doval se tak odchod novoman\u017eel\u016f do nov\u00e9ho domova. Kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm zvykem, kter\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vymizel, jsou tzv. Kr\u00e1lovni\u010dky. Jejich smysl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v symbolick\u00e9m zasv\u011bcen\u00ed neposkvrn\u011bn\u00fdch d\u00edvek \u010dist\u00e9 jarn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. D\u00edvky se ozdob\u00ed \u010derstv\u011b natrhan\u00fdmi kv\u011btinami, zvol\u00ed ze st\u0159edu tu nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za kr\u00e1lovnu, zvon\u00ed na dve\u0159e a pros\u00ed o dobroty, kter\u00e9 si pak rozd\u011bl\u00ed na louce. Dnes u\u017e jen m\u00e1lokdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee panensk\u00e1 \u010distota d\u00edvek \u010di p\u0159\u00edrody v sob\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 tak \u010darovnou moc, \u017ee je schopn\u00e1 zajistit bohatou \u00farodu. P\u0159esto v\u0161ak na siln\u00e9 moci jara n\u011bco je a je hezk\u00e9 zastavit se v hektick\u00e9m shonu a pobavit se na lidov\u00fdch slavnostech.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> \u010cesk\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje, VYKOUKAL, Franti\u0161ek Vladim\u00edr. Rok v starod\u00e1vn\u00fdch slavnostech na\u0161eho lidu. Praha: Nakladatel Dr. Frant. Ba\u010dkovsk\u00fd, 1901.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  K\u00e1cen\u00ed <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":376064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/24\/ram-tradice.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193146"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=193146"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":376063,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193146\/revisions\/376063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/376064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=193146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=193146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=193146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}