{"id":192526,"date":"2022-06-08T19:58:05","date_gmt":"2022-06-08T18:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=192526"},"modified":"2022-06-08T19:58:05","modified_gmt":"2022-06-08T18:58:05","slug":"stara-sumava-poklady-lesa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=192526","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Poklady lesa"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed bor\u016fvek neodd\u011bliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed k l\u00e9tu a pr\u00e1zdnin\u00e1m. Za n\u00e1mahu p\u0159i sb\u011bru v\u00e1s pak odm\u011bn\u00ed svou sladkou chut\u00ed v knedl\u00edc\u00edch, se \u0161leha\u010dkou, nebo jen tak samotn\u00e9. Kdy\u017e kleknete \u010di usednete na paseku v l\u00e9t\u011b nebo na hor\u00e1ch a\u017e do p\u0159\u00edchodu sn\u011bhu, do typick\u00fdch r\u016fzn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdch ke\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u016f od podkolen\u00ed po podb\u0159i\u0161\u00ed a obdr\u017e\u00edte fialov\u00e9 fleky na od\u011bvu, poko\u017ece a puse, tak z\u0159ejm\u011b sed\u00edte v bor\u016fv\u010d\u00ed a cpete se bor\u016fvkami, nejzdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi to plody zbytk\u016f na\u0161\u00ed piln\u011b devastovan\u00e9 a drancovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/h6>\n

Temn\u011b fialov\u00e9 prsty, kter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1valy poznamenan\u00e9 i n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed i p\u0159esto, \u017ee jste je poctiv\u011b \u201edrbali\u201c? N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se je\u0161t\u011b dnes mlsn\u011b ol\u00edznou p\u0159i p\u0159edstav\u011b babi\u010d\u010din\u00fdch l\u00edvanc\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b se \u017eahourem \u2013 bor\u016fvkovou om\u00e1\u010dkou. Vrt\u00e1 v\u00e1m hlavou, pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201e\u017eahour?\u201c Toto vpravd\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed jm\u00e9no dostala tato om\u00e1\u010dka podle sv\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezce \u2013 pana \u017dahoura, kter\u00fd ji poprv\u00e9 uva\u0159il ve sv\u00e9 restauraci v ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch a nab\u00eddl ji sv\u00fdm host\u016fm na l\u00edvanc\u00edch. Pravda je, \u017ee jako p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed nejsou \u017dahourovi zcela neobvykl\u00ed. Ale vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, \u017ee tuto bor\u016fvkovou ka\u0161i Jiho\u010de\u0161i va\u0159ili v kuchyni zemansk\u00e9ho rodu \u017dahour\u016f a tak se dostala pod jejich jm\u00e9nem mezi recepty, je romanticky fale\u0161n\u00e1. Prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o \u017eahouru (p\u016fvodn\u011b \u201e\u017eah\u00faru\u201c) jsou sice z Jind\u0159ichohradecka u\u017e ze \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a je to sladk\u00e1 ka\u0161e z bor\u016fvek zahu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 moukou a pern\u00edkem.<\/p>\n

\u010cern\u00e9 kulat\u00e9 plody bor\u016fvek zmi\u0148uje u\u017e ve starov\u011bku Dioscorides a v ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku Paracelsus, nicm\u00e9n\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161 okrajov\u011b. Asi jim p\u0159ipadaly moc oby\u010dejn\u00e9, a proto je k l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm nevyu\u017e\u00edvali. Zato Slovan\u00e9 a lid\u00e9 ze severu Evropy si p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v lidov\u00e9 medic\u00edn\u011b bor\u016fvek cenili n\u00e1ramn\u011b. Podle pov\u011br m\u011bly d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 se vydaly na sb\u011br lesn\u00edch plodin nasypat na p\u011b\u0161inu p\u00e1r \u010dern\u00fdch plod\u016f, aby nezabloudily, ale hlavn\u011b aby je neu\u0161tkla zmije, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla v jejich fantazii p\u0159\u00edmo fantastick\u00e9 schopnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se mohla zakousnout do vlastn\u00edho ocasu a jako obru\u010d se koulet za ut\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00edmi sb\u011bra\u010di\u2026 Mlsn\u00fd had se pr\u00fd ale rad\u011bji pust\u00ed do nastra\u017een\u00fdch bor\u016fvek, ne\u017e do pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve sn\u00e1\u0159i jsou bor\u016fvky spojeny s l\u00e1skou napln\u011bnou, ale tak\u00e9 nenapln\u011bnou. V\u011bdmy doporu\u010dovaly jejich po\u017eit\u00ed proti u\u0159knut\u00ed a listy bor\u016fv\u010d\u00ed slou\u017eily a slou\u017e\u00ed i novodob\u00fdm \u010darod\u011bj\u016fm jako sou\u010d\u00e1st magick\u00fdch vyku\u0159ovadel. Bor\u016fvky jsou doma po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Bor\u016fv\u010d\u00ed kolikr\u00e1t pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 cel\u00e9 kilometry lesa. Stoj\u00ed za to natrhat si hrst \u010derstv\u00fdch bor\u016fvek a pod\u011bkovat lesu.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bor\u016fvek pro jejich l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody se datuje do 12. stolet\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 je v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sb\u00edrali ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm. Ve 12. stolet\u00ed bor\u016fvky doporu\u010dovala zn\u00e1m\u00e1 abaty\u0161e, bylink\u00e1\u0159ka a skladatelka Hildegarda z Bingenu na celou \u0159adu nemoc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed. P. A. G. Mattioli a na\u0161e prababi\u010dky jim \u0159\u00edkali \u010dern\u00e9 jahody.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky adstringentn\u00edm (sv\u00edrav\u00fdm) \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm byly bor\u016fvky od d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b ran, aft\u016f a pr\u016fjm\u016f. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed adstringentn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravky pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010daj. V Anglii za vl\u00e1dy Al\u017eb\u011bty I. byla sm\u011bs medu a bor\u016fvek vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem proti pr\u016fjmu. Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvali bor\u016fvky dlouhodob\u011b, a\u0165 ji\u017e ve form\u011b su\u0161en\u00e9 nebo jako marmel\u00e1du, ud\u00e1vali, \u017ee se jim zlep\u0161il zrak. Pozd\u011bji, lidov\u00ed l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9 za\u010dali bor\u016fvky p\u0159edepisovat i za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se bor\u016fvky doporu\u010dovaly i proti cukrovce.<\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky brit\u0161t\u00ed letci jedli s oblibou bor\u016fvkovou marmel\u00e1du zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ed pl\u00e1novan\u00fdmi no\u010dn\u00edmi lety. Bor\u016fvky jim pr\u00fd vylep\u0161ily zrak a vid\u011bn\u00ed ve tm\u011b. Po v\u00e1lce p\u0159i\u0161ly bor\u016fvky do z\u00e1jmu v\u011bdc\u016f. Ti skute\u010dn\u011b zjistili, \u017ee l\u00e1tky obsa\u017een\u00e9 v bor\u016fvk\u00e1ch zlep\u0161uj\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost o\u010d\u00ed na oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btlem. Pro severoamerick\u00e9 indi\u00e1ny byly bor\u016fvky posv\u00e1tn\u00e9. V\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jim je seslal Velk\u00fd Duch, aby je uchr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed hladem. Ozna\u010dovali je jako \u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00e9 bobule\u201c nebo jako \u201eDar Velk\u00e9ho ducha.\u201c<\/p>\n

Je i zm\u00ednka v poh\u00e1dce Karla Jarom\u00edra Erbena \u201cHrne\u010dku, va\u0159!\u201d:..\u00a0\u201cJednou v l\u00e9t\u011b star\u00e1 se trochu roznemohla a mlad\u00e1 musela sama do lesa na jahody, aby m\u011bly co j\u00edst; va\u0159ily si z nich ka\u0161i. Vzala hrnec a kus \u010dern\u00e9ho chleba a \u0161la. Kdy\u017e m\u011bla hrnec pln\u00fd jahod, p\u0159i\u0161la v lese k jedn\u00e9 stud\u00e1nce; tu si k t\u00e9 stud\u00e1nce sedla, vyndala si ze z\u00e1st\u011bry chl\u00e9b a za\u010dala ob\u011bdvat\u201d.<\/em>..<\/p>\n

Dnes je asi jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b p\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 nasb\u00edrat v lese v tak kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu pln\u00fd hrnec jahod na p\u0159\u00edpravu ka\u0161e. Pamatujete, jak jste v l\u00e9t\u011b vyr\u00e1\u017eeli do lesa s konvi\u010dkou na bor\u016fvky a vraceli jste se sice bez nich, zato ale mod\u0159\u00ed a spokojen\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Glaube und Heimat, 1975, \u010d. 15-16, s. 431 Maria Schmidt autor p\u0159eklad\u016f a \u010desk\u00fdch text\u016f Jan Mare\u0161, Jiho\u010desk\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 knihovna v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, \u00dalehlov\u00e1-Tilschov\u00e1, M.: \u010cesk\u00e1 strava lidov\u00e1, Praha: Dru\u017estevn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce 1945<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":256172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/08\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-poklady-lesa.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192526"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=192526"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":256171,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/192526\/revisions\/256171"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/256172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=192526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=192526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=192526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}