{"id":191639,"date":"2022-05-13T21:16:49","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T20:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=191639"},"modified":"2022-05-13T21:18:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T20:18:00","slug":"stara-sumava-studeni-bratri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=191639","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Studen\u00ed brat\u0159i v kv\u011btnu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c, Bonif\u00e1c. Ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei, co spaluj\u00ed mrazem ovoce i r\u016f\u017ei. Studen\u00ed brat\u0159i, co p\u0159inesou chladna, jak se pat\u0159\u00ed. Mezi hospod\u00e1\u0159i t\u0159i nejv\u00edce prokl\u00ednan\u00ed svat\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednky jsou o nich v knih\u00e1ch ji\u017e b\u011bhem 17. stolet\u00ed. Ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei pat\u0159\u00ed mezi takzvan\u00e9 teplotn\u00ed singularity.<\/h6>\n

O ledov\u00fdch mu\u017e\u00edch p\u00ed\u0161e i francouzsk\u00fd spisovatel Francois Rabelais v prv\u00e9 polovin\u011b 16. stolet\u00ed. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dolo\u017een\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 pranostiky k t\u00e9to chladn\u00e9 kv\u011btnov\u00e9 singularit\u011b se objevuj\u00ed, jak je tomu ji\u017e pravidlem u v\u0161ech na\u0161ich v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pranostik, na po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed. Pro t\u0159i studen\u00e9 sv\u011btce se v lidov\u00fdch pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edch nej\u010dast\u011bji objevuj\u00ed v\u0161e napov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159. velc\u00ed ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei, ledov\u00ed brat\u0159i, ledov\u00ed svat\u00ed, ledov\u00e1ci, zmrzl\u00ed mu\u017ei, zmrzl\u00edci, studen\u00ed svat\u00ed, mok\u0159\u00ed mu\u017ei, mok\u0159\u00ed svat\u00ed, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b tak i \u017eelezn\u00ed mu\u017ei \u010di \u017eelezn\u00ed brat\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Podle v\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho obsahu jednotliv\u00fdch pod\u00e1n\u00ed lidov\u00e9 slovesnosti k obdob\u00ed ledov\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme tedy rozli\u0161it p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm skupinu pranostik p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch obecn\u011b pokles teplot, d\u00e1le v\u00fdskyt mraz\u016f a mraz\u00edk\u016f i vyhran\u011bnou skupinu pranostik de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch: “Nezamraz\u00ed-li ledov\u00ed brat\u0159i Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c a Bonif\u00e1c, alespo\u0148 zastud\u00ed. Na Pankr\u00e1ce, Serv\u00e1ce a Bonif\u00e1ce b\u00fdv\u00e1 chladno na jarn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Studen\u00ed brat\u0159i – p\u0159inesou chladna, jak se pat\u0159\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee\u0161-li dob\u0159e \u010diniti s panem Servaciusem, na Bonifaciuse nezapom\u00ednej. Svat\u00ed Pankraci, Servaci a Bonifaci, v\u00e1s se boj\u00ed v\u0161ici sedl\u00e1ci. Pan Serboni p\u00e1l\u00ed stromy. Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c a Bonif\u00e1c \u010dasto kv\u011bty klid\u00ed pro kr\u00e1lovnu \u017dofii.<\/p>\n

T\u0159i ledov\u00ed byli svat\u00ed, ale \u010dasto jsou nejv\u00edce proklat\u00ed. Svat\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed u n\u00e1s v p\u016fli kv\u011btna hroz\u00ed mrazy, jsou: Mamert, d\u00e1le ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei – Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c, Bonif\u00e1c, jejich kucha\u0159ka \u017dofie a zmrzl\u00fd Jan (Jan Nepomuck\u00fd – 16.5.). Pominou zmrzl\u00edci, pominou mraz\u00edci. V p\u016fli kv\u011btna – po mrazech je veta. Na t\u0159i ledov\u00e9 voda pad\u00e1v\u00e1. P\u0159ijde jaro, slun\u00ed\u010dko sv\u00edt\u00ed a my r\u00e1di odlo\u017e\u00edme tepl\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed, zat\u00edmco p\u0159\u00edroda za\u010dne od\u00edvat svou nahotu. Ze zem\u011b se za\u010dne klubat v\u0161echno, co v n\u00ed celou zimu spokojen\u011b spalo, vyroj\u00ed se kdejak\u00fd hmyz, pt\u00e1ci se rozezp\u00edvaj\u00ed, a\u017e p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed sluch, stromy a louky rozkvetou tak, a\u017e p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed zrak, ulice se zapln\u00ed lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e se nemohli do\u010dkat slun\u00ed\u010dka. A ono sv\u00edt\u00ed a kr\u00e1sn\u011b h\u0159eje, ale najednou b\u00e1c. Ledov\u00ed mu\u017ei st\u00e1li p\u0159ede dve\u0159mi, a bylo jich se b\u00e1ti, pon\u011bvad\u017e t\u0159e\u0161n\u011b a \u0161vestky pln\u011b kvetly, hru\u0161n\u011b nem\u011bly do t\u00e9 sl\u00e1vy daleko, a koruny jablon\u00ed byly ozdobeny spoustou r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdch a rud\u00fdch poupat. Ten z\u00e1zrak zp\u016fsobila \u0159ada p\u011bkn\u00fdch dn\u016f, kter\u00e9 se dostavily po vlekl\u00e9 sychrav\u00e9 studen\u00e9 nepohod\u011b dubnov\u00e9. V\u0161ecko bylo zdr\u017eeno, a proto nyn\u00ed r\u00e1zem povysko\u010dilo, ale bylo dosud k\u0159ehk\u00e9, tak\u017ee mrazy by zp\u016fsobily zna\u010dnou \u0161kodu, ne-li \u00fapln\u011b zni\u010dily \u00farodu ovoce… A pr\u00e1v\u011b kdy\u017e se dostavil Pankr\u00e1c, rozpr\u0161elo se v noci vydatn\u011b a potom od sv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do bo\u017e\u00edho poledne vytrvale m\u017eilo, m\u017eilo a m\u017eilo…V polovin\u011b kv\u011btna, kdy u\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 tepl\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed, toti\u017e ob\u010das do st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy pronikne velmi studen\u00fd vzduch od severu.<\/p>\n

A nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vp\u00e1du studen\u00e9ho vzduchu na na\u0161e \u00fazem\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 tlakov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e nad Skandin\u00e1vi\u00ed a tlakov\u00e1 n\u00ed\u017ee nad v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropou. Mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma tlakov\u00fdmi \u00fatvary k n\u00e1m proud\u00ed studen\u00fd vzduch od severu. Pokud p\u0159i takov\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tlakov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f dojde b\u011bhem noci k vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee po r\u00e1nu mrznout klidn\u011b i v polovin\u011b kv\u011btna. Lid\u00e9 si tohoto meteorologick\u00e9ho \u00fakazu v\u0161\u00edmali u\u017e od st\u0159edov\u011bku. Av\u0161ak ve st\u0159edov\u011bku platil juli\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159, kdy byli zmrzl\u00ed cca o 10 dn\u016f d\u0159\u00edve. Tak\u00e9 teploty ve 14.-19. stolet\u00ed sahaly v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed hluboko pod nulu. Tak\u017ee lidov\u00e9 pranostiky mus\u00edme br\u00e1t s rezervou. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se mraz\u00edky vyskytuj\u00ed kolem 29. dubna. Pankr\u00e1c, Serv\u00e1c a Bonif\u00e1c z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v kalend\u00e1\u0159i jen jako tradice, tato jm\u00e9na jsou ji\u017e m\u00e9n\u011b obvykl\u00e1 a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 se ned\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Svat\u00fd Pankr\u00e1c je patronem d\u011bt\u00ed a ochra\u0148uje mlad\u00e9 rostliny a kv\u011bty. Svat\u00fd Serv\u00e1c je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n, aby ochr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed \u0161kodami od mrazu. Pranostiky o zmrzl\u00fdch mu\u017e\u00edch podle Jana \u0160r\u00e1mka u n\u00e1s vych\u00e1zej\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru tak jednou za t\u0159i roky. Jsme-li u\u017e u t\u011bch kv\u011btnov\u00fdch pranostik a d\u00e1vn\u00fdch zvyk\u016f s nimi spojen\u00fdch, stoj\u00ed za to si p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee kv\u011bten byl velmi vhodn\u00fdm \u010dasem pro lidov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed. Mnoho lid\u00ed si nech\u00e1valo pou\u0161t\u011bt \u017eilou a l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9 m\u011bli pln\u00e9 ruce pr\u00e1ce se zatlouk\u00e1n\u00edm nemoc\u00ed do k\u016fry mlad\u00fdch doubk\u016f. B\u0159ezov\u00e1 m\u00edza, v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nejhojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, sm\u00edchan\u00e1 s mast\u00ed z topolov\u00e9ho list\u00ed, byla zn\u00e1m\u00fdm prost\u0159edkem pro r\u016fst vlas\u016f. V buj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se sb\u00edralo a d\u00e1valo dohromady \u201edevatero ko\u0159en\u00ed\u201c. Jeho slo\u017een\u00ed se ale zachovalo jen v p\u016fvodn\u00edch n\u00e1zvech, a proto je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odhadnout, ze kter\u00fdch skute\u010dn\u00fdch bylin se skl\u00e1dalo. Byly to: Leknut\u00ed, krevn\u00ed\u010dek, \u010dern\u00e9 ko\u0159en\u00ed, podselen, dev\u011btsil, my\u0161\u00ed ou\u0161ka, lan\u010d\u00ed vim\u00e9nko, psoser a z\u00e1zvore\u010dek.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> MUNZAR, Jan. 1985 – Medardova k\u00e1p\u011b aneb Pranostiky o\u010dima meteorologa. 1. vyd. Praha : Horizont, 1985.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/em><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Pankr\u00e1c, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":254245,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/13\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191639"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=191639"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":254247,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191639\/revisions\/254247"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/254245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=191639"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=191639"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=191639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}