{"id":190584,"date":"2024-04-24T18:28:16","date_gmt":"2024-04-24T17:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=190584"},"modified":"2024-04-25T14:11:10","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T13:11:10","slug":"star%cb%87a-sumava-staveni-maju-a-majicku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=190584","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u016f a m\u00e1j\u00ed\u010dk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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M\u00e1jov\u00e1 noc! m\u00e1jov\u00e1 noc!<\/em>
\nprvn\u00ed m\u00e1jov\u00e1 noc:<\/em>
\nkdo zn\u00e1 v\u0161ecku jej\u00ed moc?<\/em><\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzdy sv\u00edt\u00ed, slav\u00edk p\u011bje,<\/em>
\npoj\u010fme, poj\u010fme v zelen\u00fd h\u00e1j!<\/em>
\nz luk a zahrad v\u016fn\u011b v\u011bje,<\/em>
\nuv\u00edtejme kv\u011btnat\u00fd m\u00e1j!<\/em><\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzdy sv\u00edt\u00ed, slav\u00edk p\u011bje,<\/em>
\nz luk a zahrad v\u016fn\u011b v\u011bje:<\/em>
\npoj\u010fme, poj\u010fme v zelen\u00fd h\u00e1j,<\/em>
\nkv\u011btnat\u00fd v\u00edtejme m\u00e1j!<\/em><\/p>\n

Leckter\u00fd ml\u00e1denec t\u0159eba stav\u011bl m\u00e1j sv\u00e9 d\u00edvce pod okny tajn\u011b v noci, aby ho nep\u0159istihl otec d\u00edvky, kter\u00fd u\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad vybral sv\u00e9 dce\u0159i jin\u00e9ho \u017eenicha. V\u0161ak se tak\u00e9 na Klatovsku zp\u00edv\u00e1valo:<\/h6>\n
\u201eNa rozlou\u010den\u00ed, m\u00fd pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed! Postav\u00edm pod okny m\u00e1j: aby v\u011bd\u011bli fale\u0161n\u00ed lidi, \u017ee jsem j\u00e1 chod\u00edval k v\u00e1m.\u201c<\/em><\/h6>\n

Je snad dostate\u010dn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b \u0160umavan\u00e9 po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed p\u011bstovali sv\u00e9 domovsk\u00e9 zvyky a oby\u010deje a zachov\u00e1vali je p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b. P\u0159evzaty z d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch dob a propojeny s k\u0159es\u0165anskou tradic\u00ed, st\u00e1le pak pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny nov\u00fdmi generacemi, prom\u011bnily se v kolob\u011bhu roku ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich pro sebe ve sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed slavnost zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho druhu.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vou o stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u016f u n\u00e1s je asi popis jiho\u010desk\u00e9ho autora Jana Mirotick\u00e9ho z roku 1579:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e9ho\u017e \u010dasu ml\u00e1denci do vsi cel\u00e9 stromov\u00ed smrkov\u00e9 neb sosnov\u00e9 vn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, kter\u00e9\u017e z d\u016flu oklest\u00edce, vrchn\u00ed ratolesti zrcadly, sklenicemi, v\u011bnci a pl\u00ed\u0161ky zlata v\u011bncov\u00e9ho bly\u0161t\u00edc\u00edmi se ozdobuj\u00ed a strom ten do zem\u011b vetknouce, p\u0159es cel\u00e9 l\u00e9to tak ho st\u00e1ti nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 zvyky, kter\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b maj\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u011b star\u00e9 ko\u0159eny. V\u011bt\u0161inou jsou to zvyky, kter\u00e9 se spojuj\u00ed s plodivou silou p\u0159\u00edrody. To je fenom\u00e9n, kter\u00fd lidstvo uzn\u00e1valo od prav\u011bku, od nejstar\u0161\u00edch \u010das\u016f, a i kdy\u017e se katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev sna\u017eila toto pohansk\u00e9 j\u00e1dro trochu oslabit, tak se j\u00ed to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nikdy nepovedlo.<\/p>\n

To je pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad m\u00e1j\u016f, proto\u017ee probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edroda, ra\u0161\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edla, to v\u017edycky symbolizovalo nov\u00fd \u017eivot, zn\u00e1zor\u0148ovalo to p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed \u00farodu. A to byly v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 lid\u00e9 nejenom uct\u00edvali, ale byli na n\u011b \u017eivotn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00ed. \u010cili oni u\u017e od \u00fanora, od b\u0159ezna velice intenz\u00edvn\u011b sledovali, jak se p\u0159\u00edroda probouz\u00ed. Stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u016f byla oslava, a\u0165 u\u017e podv\u011bdom\u011b pohansk\u00e1, nebo veskrze k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1, kter\u00e1 jim p\u0159ipom\u00ednala to, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edroda se probudila. Bu\u010f to vypad\u00e1 dob\u0159e, nebo \u0161patn\u011b, a oni podle toho mohou o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u00farodu. Starobyl\u00fd kultovn\u00ed oby\u010dej stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u00ed byl prov\u00e1zen tancem a hudbou.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1jka, symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed strom \u017eivota, je zdobena t\u0159emi v\u011bnci. Ty zna\u010d\u00ed plodnost, plodnost pod zem\u00ed, na zemi a nad zem\u00ed. Na n\u00e1vsi se stav\u00ed vysok\u00e1 m\u00e1jka. Hraje se k tomu a zp\u00edv\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u011bv\u010de tak\u00e9, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 jen jednoho ctitele ov\u0161em, dostane “pod ok\u00fdnko” svou m\u00e1jku. Dr\u017e\u00ed-li si ale milenc\u016f pov\u00edcero, potom se shled\u00e1 pod ok\u00fdnkem na ty\u010di s otep\u00ed chrast\u00ed. Stav\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1j\u016f a cel\u00e1 z\u00e1bava kolem m\u011bla veskrze spole\u010densk\u00fd charakter. My v\u00edme, \u017ee od st\u0159edov\u011bku se m\u00e1je stav\u011bly \u010dasto na n\u00e1vs\u00edch, na vesnic\u00edch, ale i ve m\u011bstech. Stav\u011bly se pod okny vrchnosti, \u010dasto se dokonce stav\u011bly v koordinaci s vrchnostensk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky. Pokud poddan\u00ed pod okny z\u00e1mku vrchnosti tento m\u00e1j postavili, obvykle hrab\u011b na\u0159\u00eddil vyvalit sud piva a uspo\u0159\u00e1dal lidovou veselici. \u010cili ta z\u00e1bava m\u011bla skute\u010dn\u011b povahu spole\u010densk\u00e9 oslavy.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed romantickou tradic\u00ed jsou v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch chodn\u00ed\u010dky l\u00e1sky. Co to obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed? Cesty a cesti\u010dky, kter\u00e9 spojovaly chalupy, kde mlad\u00ed milenci s rodi\u010di bydleli, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rozb\u0159eskem zamilovan\u00e9 dvojice vysyp\u00e1valy pilinami, p\u00edskem nebo v\u00e1pnem, aby tak daly v\u0161em ve vsi najevo, \u017ee se miluj\u00ed. Na prvn\u00edho m\u00e1je se tak v\u0161ichni ve vesnici dozv\u011bd\u00ed, kdo s k\u00fdm chod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00edch m\u00e1j\u016f z konce 17. stolet\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na toho \u010dasu k velik\u00e9mu tumultu u n\u00e1s ve vsi Lhot\u011b do\u0161lo, kdy\u017e chlapci strom ozdoben\u00fd na n\u00e1vsi postavili a tu jim ho v noci poddan\u00ed souseda va\u0161\u00ed milosti z P\u0159estavlk\u010de ukr\u00e1sti cht\u011bli, v\u0161ak na\u0161i strom bedliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017eili a jim hlavy do krvava dobili, za co\u017e jsem jim pak k\u00e1zal osm v\u011bder piva d\u00e1ti, neb \u010dest na\u0161eho panstv\u00ed ochr\u00e1nili.
\nMal\u00e9 m\u00e1jky p\u011bkn\u011b vyzdoben\u00e9 f\u00e1borky a obr\u00e1zky p\u0159ipravovali chlapci v noci, potaj\u00ed \u2013 tak aby u\u017e r\u00e1no hrd\u011b st\u00e1ly na st\u0159ech\u00e1ch nebo na vratech staven\u00ed, kde p\u0159eb\u00fdvala svobodn\u00e1 d\u011bv\u010data. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nechyb\u011bla ani velk\u00e1 m\u00e1jka na n\u00e1vsi, kter\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkalo \u201ebabsk\u00e1\u201c.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e u\u017e m\u00e1jky st\u00e1ly, chlapci s harmonikou obch\u00e1zeli po vsi a od d\u011bv\u010dat dost\u00e1vali mal\u00e9 poho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u00e1 slavnost se pak v\u011bt\u0161inou rozvinula a\u017e odpoledne na n\u00e1vsi, pod velkou m\u00e1jkou. \u201eAni\u010dka hodn\u00e1 je, dala n\u00e1m m\u00e1je, dala n\u00e1m dva zlat\u00fd, to je d\u011bv\u010de zlat\u00fd!\u201c Tenhle pop\u011bvek v minulosti doprovodil p\u011bknou \u0159\u00e1dku slavnost\u00ed M\u00e1j\u016f na Plze\u0148sku. Nechyb\u011bl p\u0159i nich \u201ekr\u00e1l\u201c, kter\u00fd s celou svou dru\u017einou na kon\u00edch a ve sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch kroj\u00edch obj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl staven\u00ed s hudbou. V\u0161ude se zatan\u010dilo a zahr\u00e1lo. A kde kter\u00e1 dcerka p\u0159ihodila n\u011bjak\u00fd ten pen\u00edz, do\u010dkala se pr\u00e1v\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho d\u011bkovn\u00e9ho pop\u011bvku.<\/p>\n

Po obch\u016fzce se v\u0161ichni se\u0161li na n\u00e1vsi a \u201ebi\u0159ic\u201c se ujal ob\u0159adn\u00e9ho p\u0159ed\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ver\u0161ovan\u00e9 chv\u00e1ly jednotliv\u00fdch d\u011bv\u010dat, ale mnohdy i \u017eertovn\u00e9 kritiky hospod\u00e1\u0159e a hospodyn\u011b. Mnoz\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci M\u00e1j\u016f tak mo\u017en\u00e1 docela uv\u00edtali, kdy\u017e bylo \u010dten\u00ed u konce a do\u0161lo na z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 setnut\u00ed kohouta nebo \u017e\u00e1by. Setnut\u00ed \u017e\u00e1by (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kohouta) se pravideln\u011b uj\u00edmal \u201ekat\u201c u p\u0159edem p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 \u0161ibenice, na kter\u00e9 byla mrtv\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1ba zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e1. Chud\u00e1k \u017e\u00e1ba byla p\u0159ed t\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u011b obvin\u011bn\u00e1 z toho, \u017ee kr\u00e1li zp\u016fsobila n\u011bjak\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 ukousla mu knofl\u00edky, hodila klobouk do \u0159eky a podobn\u011b. Drasti\u010dnost toho \u00fakonu byla ale \u010dasto m\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ba byla cukrov\u00e1, a tak se o jej\u00ed t\u011blo n\u00e1sledn\u011b d\u016fkladn\u011b popraly p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Na sam\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br slavnosti \u201ebi\u0159ic\u201c vyk\u0159ikl, kon\u011b se tryskem rozjeli a za v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho vesel\u00ed honili kr\u00e1le, kter\u00fd se nesm\u011bl d\u00e1t chytit\u2026. M\u00e1je b\u00fdvaly velmi obl\u00edbenou slavnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> L. L\u00e1bek: Kv\u011bten. Zvykoslov\u00ed Plze\u0148ska a p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed 1930, s. 19 \u2013 20. ,R. Tyr\u0161ov\u00e1 a A. Ko\u017em\u00ednov\u00e1: M\u00e1je na Plze\u0148sku. Sv\u00e9r\u00e1z v zem\u00edch \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch, \u010cechy 1921<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  M\u00e1jov\u00e1 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":305230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24\/ram-staveni-maju.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190584"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=190584"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":305341,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190584\/revisions\/305341"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/305230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=190584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=190584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=190584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}