{"id":190056,"date":"2022-04-22T17:33:34","date_gmt":"2022-04-22T16:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=190056"},"modified":"2022-04-22T17:33:34","modified_gmt":"2022-04-22T16:33:34","slug":"stara-sumava-o-svatem-jiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=190056","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O svat\u00e9m Ji\u0159\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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M\u00e1lokter\u00fd svat\u00fd je tak popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a tak op\u0159eden legendami jako svat\u00fd Ji\u0159\u00ed. Tradice v n\u011bm jednomysln\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1 voj\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd za c\u00edsa\u0159e Diokleci\u00e1na, kolem roku 303, \u0161el pro Krista na smrt. Jist\u00e9 se zd\u00e1 jen to, \u017ee podstoupil mu\u010dednickou smrt v Lydd\u011b, kde byl v \u0161est\u00e9m stolet\u00ed nalezen jeho hrob, jedin\u00fd pevn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro jeho kult, datuj\u00edc\u00ed se od konce IV stolet\u00ed. \u0160\u00ed\u0159il se p\u0159ekypuj\u00edc\u00ed rychlost\u00ed na V\u00fdchod\u011b i na Z\u00e1pad\u011b, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v Anglii, kde byl zn\u00e1m u\u017e v VIII. stolet\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

Jako patron ryt\u00ed\u0159stva a zbran\u00ed stal se prost\u011b patronem Anglie. Proslul\u00fd prapor svat\u00e9ho Ji\u0159\u00edho poch\u00e1z\u00ed z roku 1284; prvn\u00ed anglick\u00fd ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, z roku 1348 – \u0159\u00e1d podvazkov\u00fd – byl p\u0159irozen\u011b pod patron\u00e1tem tohoto sv\u011btce. I protestantsk\u00e1 reformace si uchovala jm\u00e9no Ji\u0159\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i; pat\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e do v\u00fdsadn\u00ed kategorie svat\u00fdch pomocn\u00edk\u016f. A p\u0159ece v\u0161ecky ty malebn\u00e9 podrobnosti z jeho \u017eivota, kter\u00e9 byly z\u00e1kladem jeho kultu, jsou legend\u00e1rn\u00ed. Legenda z n\u011bho u\u010dinila urozen\u00e9ho a bohat\u00e9ho Kappado\u010dana, hrdinsk\u00e9ho tribuna c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00fd sr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vesele modly a zab\u00edj\u00ed bez n\u00e1mahy draka pusto\u0161\u00edc\u00edho Lidyi. U zrodu, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed legend st\u00e1la c\u00edrkev. Za pomoci tohoto liter\u00e1rn\u00edho \u00fatvaru, kter\u00fd byl ur\u010den v\u0161em vrstv\u00e1m spole\u010dnosti, mohla c\u00edrkev manipulovat s v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi a pos\u00edlit svou mocenskou pozici.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed je spojen podle lidov\u00e9 tradice s otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm zem\u011b, tak\u00e9 se tento den nem\u011bla p\u00edt voda ze studn\u00ed, proto\u017ee pr\u00fd byla jedovat\u00e1. Na Ji\u0159\u00edho sv\u00e1tek se v\u0161ak vyvinulo daleko v\u00edce pov\u00edda\u010dek a lidov\u00fdch oby\u010dej\u016f, ne\u017e jen notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00fd ver\u0161 o hadech a \u0161t\u00edrech, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed z otev\u0159en\u00e9 zem\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b se zelen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zahlcuje p\u0159\u00edrodu. Lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee o Ji\u0159\u00edho sv\u00e1tku je voda ve studn\u00edch jedovat\u00e1, a proto si v\u017edy d\u011blali z\u00e1sobu p\u0159edem. Jed ve vod\u011b zanechali hadi, kte\u0159\u00ed naopak tento jedin\u00fd den v roce jedovat\u00ed nebyli. D\u00edvky se na Ji\u0159\u00edho potulovali po louk\u00e1ch a hledali \u010dty\u0159l\u00edstky. V\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee tento symbol \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed je 24. dubna je\u0161t\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v jin\u00e9 dny a m\u00e1 kouzelnou moc. Lid\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pozorovali po\u010das\u00ed ve dnech p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch sv\u00e1tku, pokud bylo hezky, po Ji\u0159\u00edm se m\u011blo ochladit a naopak. Sv\u00e1tek sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed byl tedy ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako zlomov\u00fd den v mnoha ohledech, t\u0159eba i proto, \u017ee poddan\u00ed platili vrchnosti jarn\u00ed plat.<\/p>\n

Na \u0160umav\u011b byl sv\u00e1tek sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed ve znamen\u00ed oslav. Do hor p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed jaro v\u017edy o n\u011bco pozd\u011bji, a tak byl tento den ch\u00e1p\u00e1n i jako jak\u00fdsi zlom mezi posledn\u00edmi z\u00e1chv\u011bvy zimy a pln\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edchodem jara. Dobytek vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd na pastvu byl nazdoben v\u011bnci z lu\u010dn\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f s \u010derven\u00fdmi stu\u017ekami. \u010cerven\u00e1 m\u011bla zv\u00ed\u0159ata ochra\u0148ovat p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi silami. Tak\u00e9 se \u010dasto dobytek pol\u00e9val sv\u011bcenou vodou. Hospod\u00e1\u0159i si t\u00edmto ritu\u00e1lem cht\u011bli zajistit hojnost ml\u00e9ka, masa, vlny, ale i budouc\u00edch ml\u00e1\u010fat. Za slova spjat\u00e1 se sv\u00e1tkem sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme ozna\u010dit jarn\u00ed v\u00fdhon a jarn\u00ed plat. Plat je jasn\u00fd, o svatoji\u0159sk\u00e9m sv\u00e1tku se platilo vrchnosti, druh\u00fd term\u00edn byl na svat\u00e9ho Havla. Jarn\u00ed v\u00fdhon ozna\u010doval vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed dobytka na pastvu, n\u011bkde dokonce vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pastvu bylo spojeno s malou slavnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tek p\u0159edstavoval d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd moment v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m roce na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. S vyh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm dobytka na pastvu souvis\u00ed pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed rabu\u0161e – d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 h\u016flky, na nich\u017e se pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ez\u016f – vrub\u016f zna\u010dil po\u010det. Vruby se ozna\u010doval po\u010det kus\u016f vyhnan\u00fdch na pastvu. Rabu\u0161e zvan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 raboch nebo rabu\u0161a neboli vrubovky slou\u017eily i k zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dluh\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam vrubovek \u017eije dosud ve frazeologismech d\u00e1t n\u011bco na vrub – ozna\u010dit na rabu\u0161i, ud\u011blat vroubek a tak\u00e9 m\u00edt u n\u011bkoho vroubek – tedy m\u00edt z\u00e1\u0159ez na rabu\u0161i, m\u00edt dluh. Krom\u011b vroubk\u016f je s 24. dubnem spjata \u0159ada pranostik. Z r\u00fdmovan\u00fdch bychom mohli p\u0159ipomenout Schov\u00e1-li se na svat\u00e9ho Ji\u0159\u00ed vr\u00e1na do \u017eita, po\u017eehnan\u00e9 l\u00e9to k n\u00e1m zav\u00edt\u00e1 nebo Na svat\u00e9ho Ji\u0159\u00ed vla\u0161tovky ji\u017e v\u00ed\u0159\u00ed s variantou Na svat\u00e9ho Ji\u0159\u00ed nepohoda v\u00ed\u0159\u00ed \u010di Na svat\u00e9ho Ji\u0159\u00ed nepo\u0161lapou tr\u00e1vu ani \u010dty\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> MYSLIVEC, Josef. Svat\u00fd Ji\u0159\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodok\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed. Byzantinoslavica : Sborn\u00edk pro studium byzantsko-slovansk\u00fdch vztah\u016f. 1933-1934, ro\u010d. V, KR\u00c1L\u00cdK, Old\u0159ich. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed legendy p\u0159emyslovsk\u00fdch \u010cech. Praha : Vy\u0161ehrad, 1969.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  M\u00e1lokter\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":252566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/22\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-ji\u0159\u00ed.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190056"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=190056"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":252565,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190056\/revisions\/252565"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/252566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=190056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=190056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=190056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}