{"id":189741,"date":"2022-04-18T19:57:20","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T18:57:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=189741"},"modified":"2022-04-18T19:57:20","modified_gmt":"2022-04-18T18:57:20","slug":"stara-sumava-o-putovani-mlynarskeho-krajanka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=189741","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O putov\u00e1n\u00ed mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho kraj\u00e1nka"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Na ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0159ece, \u0159\u00ed\u010dce, potoku a pod mnoh\u00fdmi rybn\u00edky stoj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b ml\u00fdny. Byly jich u n\u00e1s v republice tis\u00edce. Kdy\u017e \u017en\u011b skon\u010dily, rozb\u011bhla se jejich kola a turb\u00edny. Do z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00fdch mlh se u\u017e zpravidla neslo jejich monot\u00f3nn\u00ed klep\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u00edsni\u010dk\u00e1ch klepaly vesele. Ale ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na mal\u00fdch ml\u00fdnech, legrace, jak ji traduje idylick\u00fd obr\u00e1zek ml\u00fdn\u016f schoulen\u00fdch v \u00fadol\u00edch, u\u017e tolik nebylo.<\/h6>\n

P\u0159edstava ml\u00fdna na potoce a ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9 chasy vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed si ve\u010der v \u0161aland\u011b stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy m\u00e1 pro dne\u0161n\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka v\u016fni poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Ve skute\u010dnosti ale v dob\u011b mlet\u00ed, od podzimu do jara, se mlyn\u00e1\u0159 a zejm\u00e9na jeho chasa mnoho nevyspali, mlelo se \u010dasto celou noc. V \u0161aland\u011b, kde sedl\u00e1ci \u010dekali, a\u017e na n\u011b p\u0159ijde \u0159ada, se mastily karty, kraj\u00e1nci vypr\u00e1v\u011bli sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhody, tak\u00e9 ve ml\u00fdnici b\u00fdvalo n\u011bkdy na kr\u00e1tkou dobu veselo. Jinak ale ve ml\u00fdn\u011b bylo d\u0159iny, a\u017e to nebylo hezk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ml\u00fdny pat\u0159ily do poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed ned\u00edln\u011b k \u010desk\u00e9 krajin\u011b a “pan otec” pat\u0159il k neopominuteln\u00fdm postav\u00e1m tehdej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Obecn\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed o ml\u00fdnech a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f okolo nich, pozvolna a nen\u00e1padn\u011b upad\u00e1 do zapomn\u011bn\u00ed. Poj\u010fte se proto proj\u00edt a p\u0159ipomenout si d\u011bjiny…<\/p>\n

Kraj\u00e1nek byl ve ml\u00fdn\u011b v\u017edy v\u00edt\u00e1n a obl\u00edben i mezi z\u00e1kazn\u00edky a mlyn\u00e1\u0159skou chasou. Kraj\u00e1nci, to byli zpravidla vyu\u010den\u00ed mlyn\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli st\u00e1lou pr\u00e1ci. Jakmile jim pr\u00e1ce ve ml\u00fdn\u011b skon\u010dila, \u0161li \u201evandrem\u201c, od ml\u00fdna ke ml\u00fdnu. V l\u00e9t\u011b si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kraj\u00e1nci u\u017e\u00edvali p\u011bkn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, to se na ml\u00fdn\u011b dlouho nezdr\u017eeli, nejpozd\u011bji po n\u011bkolika dnech putovali d\u00e1l a mnohdy u\u017e\u00edvali i letn\u00ed pohostinnosti p\u0159\u00edrody a jejich plod\u016f. V zim\u011b a za \u0161patn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed pak p\u0159eb\u00fdvali ve ml\u00fdn\u011b zpravidla po dobu del\u0161\u00ed. Vypomohli dle pot\u0159eby a mo\u017enost\u00ed ve ml\u00fdn\u011b, n\u011bkdy i v hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed putovali st\u00e1le po stejn\u00e9m okruhu ml\u00fdn\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ti star\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nemocn\u00ed. Takov\u00ed se vraceli a p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli i n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t do roka, na dobu del\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mlyn\u00e1\u0159 m\u011bl cechovn\u00ed povinnost poskytnout kraj\u00e1nkovi zdarma nocleh, stravu a tak\u00e9 d\u00e1t n\u011bjak\u00fd pen\u00edz na cestu. Kraj\u00e1nci p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli do ml\u00fdna p\u0159ed ve\u010derem, n\u011bkdy k ob\u011bdu. Kraj\u00e1nci m\u011bli zpravidla vybran\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 vystupov\u00e1n\u00ed, sd\u011blovali r\u016fzn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, znali i pov\u011bsti a b\u00e1sn\u011b, nebo hran\u00ed na hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. Byli sv\u011bta i okol\u00ed znal\u00ed, \u010dasto se dohovo\u0159ili i ciz\u00edm jazykem. M\u00edvali dobrou v\u00fdmluvnost, vtip a smysl pro humor. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvali i zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00edm s\u0148atk\u016f, ml\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i ml\u00fdn\u016f.<\/p>\n

Kraj\u00e1nci m\u00edvali sv\u00e9 pravideln\u00e9 trasy a sv\u00e9 obl\u00edben\u00e9 ml\u00fdny, tak\u017ee mlyn\u00e1\u0159i ji\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou dop\u0159edu v\u011bd\u011bli, kdy se kter\u00fd z nich objev\u00ed a s jejich pomoc\u00ed u\u017e p\u0159edem po\u010d\u00edtali. Jedni m\u011bli volnou mor\u00e1lku, na druh\u00e9 se mohl mlyn\u00e1\u0159 spolehnout, \u017ee zvl\u00e1dnou sami i no\u010dn\u00ed mlet\u00ed. Byli to putuj\u00edc\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 a zpravodajov\u00e9 a dost\u00e1vali za dobrou informaci i odm\u011bnu. Sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby (pr\u00e1dlo a jin\u00e9 osobn\u00ed pot\u0159eby) nosili v ruksaku. Deku nosili zpravidla smotanou na z\u00e1dech. Na hlav\u011b nosili typickou placatou \u010depici. Posledn\u00ed kraj\u00e1nci se toulali na\u0161\u00ed vlast\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v roce 1955.<\/p>\n

Docela zaj\u00edmav\u00fd je p\u016fvod slova kraj\u00e1nek, kter\u00e9 se jako ozna\u010den\u00ed potuln\u00fdch mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch pomocn\u00edk\u016f objevuje ve star\u0161\u00ed literatu\u0159e. Obvykle se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed vzniklo z toho, \u017ee kraj\u00e1nci se toulali po kraji, po krajin\u011b, tedy sv\u011btem. V \u010dasopise Na\u0161e \u0159e\u010d se ale p\u0159ed sedmdes\u00e1ti lety psalo, \u017ee slovo vzniklo jinak. \u017de je to pra\u017esk\u00e9 slovo. V Praze na Vltav\u011b toti\u017e b\u00fdvalo v\u00edce ml\u00fdn\u016f vedle sebe, a kdy\u017e klesl pr\u016ftok vody, ml\u00fdny zastavovaly pr\u00e1ci, a\u017e nakonec mlel jen ten prvn\u00ed, ten na kraji. A za toto privilegium musel krajn\u00ed ml\u00fdn zaplatit t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011bl povinnost podporovat potuln\u00e9 mlyn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pomocn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se tedy jmenovali kraj\u00e1nci podle krajn\u00edch ml\u00fdn\u016f.<\/p>\n

V minul\u00fdch \u010dasech byli tak popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, \u017ee se dostali i do jedn\u00e9 p\u00edsn\u011b: \u201eJednou p\u0159i\u0161el do mlejnice kraj\u00e1nek\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed vodn\u00edk voly\u0148sk\u00fd<\/strong>
\nP\u0159i obecn\u00edm ml\u00fdnu ve Volyni hospoda\u0159il jeden vodn\u00edk. V noci se pl\u00ed\u017eil po ml\u00fdnici a lekal mle\u010de, tak\u017ee p\u0159es noc musel ml\u00fdn \u010dasto st\u00e1t. Pan otec p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lel, jak by se nezvan\u00e9ho hosta zbavil. A\u017e jednou p\u0159i\u0161el do ml\u00fdna kraj\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd nab\u00eddl mlyn\u00e1\u0159ovi, \u017ee ho vodn\u00edka zbav\u00ed. Kraj\u00e1nek si opat\u0159il l\u00fdkov\u00fd provaz a odebral se na noc do ml\u00fdnice. O jeden\u00e1ct\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edpla dv\u00ed\u0159ka a vodn\u00edk byl tu. Za p\u00e1r okam\u017eik\u016f se u\u017e bezmocn\u011b zm\u00edtal ve smy\u010dce. Kdy\u017e poznal, \u017ee neute\u010de, za\u010dal s pros\u00edkem. Nakonec musel sl\u00edbit, \u017ee se vyst\u011bhuje z m\u011bsta a ji\u017e nikdy do n\u011bj nevkro\u010d\u00ed, ani po suchu, ani po vod\u011b. Od t\u00e9 doby ji\u017e vodn\u00edci ve Volyni nejsou.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Poz\u016fstalost Adolfa Da\u0148ka, SOkA Strakonice, Na\u0161e \u0159e\u010d, ro\u010dn\u00edk 18 (1934), P\u0158EHLED ML\u00ddN\u016e, ML\u00ddNK\u016e A \u010cERPADEL V \u010cR<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava<\/em>)<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Na <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":252228,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/18\/r\u00e1me\u010dek-star\u00e1-\u0161umava.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189741"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=189741"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":252227,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189741\/revisions\/252227"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/252228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=189741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=189741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=189741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}