{"id":189050,"date":"2023-04-06T20:00:29","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T19:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=189050"},"modified":"2023-04-06T20:00:29","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T19:00:29","slug":"stara-sumava-o-velkem-patku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=189050","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O velk\u00e9m p\u00e1tku"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek<\/h6>\n

Vlast na\u0161e velk\u00fd, tich\u00fd chr\u00e1m,<\/em>
\nv n\u011bm vysok\u00e9 olt\u00e1\u0159e<\/em>
\na n\u00e1rod v prachu kle\u010de tam<\/em>
\nna prsa skl\u00e1n\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159e.<\/em>
\nTo ticho dumn\u00e9, hrobov\u00e9<\/em>
\ntak zbo\u017en\u00e9 city rod\u00ed,<\/em>
\njak tu\u0161ili by duchov\u00e9,<\/em>
\n\u017ee B\u016fh tu s n\u00e1mi chod\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Olt\u00e1\u0159e velk\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e<\/em>
\nna \u010dern\u00e9m rouchu kryje<\/em>
\na pohnut\u00fdm kn\u011bz hlasem ji\u017e<\/em>
\n\u010dte n\u00e1roda pa\u0161ije.<\/em>
\nStranou pak velk\u00fd, temn\u00fd hrob<\/em>
\nsv\u00e9 hr\u016fzy rozes\u00edl\u00e1,<\/em>
\npomn\u00edk to truchl\u00fdch, d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob<\/em>
\nhora to klet\u00e1, b\u00edl\u00e1\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Tam n\u00e1rod s \u010delem zast\u0159en\u00fdm,<\/em>
\ns vzdechem se mutn\u00fdm klon\u00ed<\/em>
\na velkou okem skalen\u00fdm<\/em>
\ntu na zem slzu ron\u00ed.<\/em>
\nA l\u00edb\u00e1 svatou onu zem<\/em>
\na prsty v n\u00ed m\u00e1 vryty,<\/em>
\njak by cht\u011bl v bolu zoufal\u00e9m<\/em>
\nz n\u00ed vyr\u00fdt poklad skryt\u00fd.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e dozn\u011bl \u010dtouc\u00edho tu hlas<\/em>
\na n\u00e1rod je\u0161t\u011b kle\u010d\u00ed;<\/em>
\njak by ho nehnal z chr\u00e1mu \u010das<\/em>
\nni mocn\u00e9 slovo n\u011b\u010d\u00ed<\/em>
\nA kle\u010d\u00ed v tich\u00e9m modlen\u00ed,<\/em>
\nza slzou slza kane \u2014<\/em>
\ni \u010dek\u00e1, a\u017e o vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed<\/em>
\nt\u00e9\u017e jeho sp\u00e1sa vstane!<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd rozm\u011br sv\u00e1tk\u016f sp\u00ed\u0161e ustupuje a lid\u00e9 Velikonoce vn\u00edmaj\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji jako oslavu p\u0159\u00edchodu jara. Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek je s ohledem na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 zvyklosti dnem velk\u00e9ho smutku, rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a ticha. Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek je dnem, kdy si k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 si p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista. Podle evangeli\u00ed zem\u0159el na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei ve t\u0159i hodiny odpoledne. Na pam\u00e1tku jeho utrpen\u00ed se nejen v tento \u010das konaj\u00ed ob\u0159ady.<\/h6>\n

V rodin\u00e1ch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed den zp\u011bvu pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00ed a modliteb, den bez pr\u00e1ce i bez oby\u010dej\u016f, \u010das pozastaven\u00ed v\u0161eho vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho b\u011bhu sv\u011bta, jak\u00fd ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b poci\u0165ujeme podobn\u011b v den \u00famrt\u00ed nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00edch. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvony nejsou sly\u0161et, jejich \u201edu\u0161e\u201c jsou od Zelen\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtku v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. M\u011bl by b\u00fdt vytr\u017een\u00edm z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho chodu sv\u011bta, pr\u00e1ce i oby\u010dej\u016f. I lidov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edvlastky Bolestn\u00fd \u010di Tich\u00fd p\u00e1tek vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed smutek, pok\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u016fst v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch pro pam\u00e1tku Krista.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek je prvn\u00edm dnem velikono\u010dn\u00edho tridua. N\u00e1sleduje po n\u011bm B\u00edl\u00e1 sobota, kdy v podve\u010der za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slavnost Kristova vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00edmi ob\u0159ady p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v ned\u011bli, kdy se slav\u00ed zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed. Triduum v \u0159ad\u011b c\u00edrkevn\u00edch spole\u010denstv\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje vrchol liturgick\u00e9ho roku, nebo\u0165 obsahuje \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed bod k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 zv\u011bsti: vykoupen\u00ed lidstva skrze ob\u011b\u0165 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista za h\u0159\u00edchy \u010dlov\u011bka a jeho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad smrt\u00ed v ud\u00e1losti zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek je dnem zasv\u011bcen\u00fdm \u00faklidu a o\u010dist\u011b t\u011bla i ducha. P\u0159i \u00faklidu dom\u00e1cnosti se u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 magick\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f jako hlu\u010d\u00edc\u00edho hmo\u017ed\u00ed\u0159e k odh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed hav\u011bti a pa\u0161ijov\u00e9ho pometla k vymet\u00e1n\u00ed. Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd hmyz, j\u00edm\u017e b\u00fdvaj\u00ed star\u00e1 staven\u00ed zamo\u0159ena, odh\u00e1n\u00ed hospodyn\u011b tak\u00e9 proutkem sv\u011bcen\u00fdm na Kv\u011btnou ned\u011bli. Hospodyn\u011b j\u00edm vy\u0161leh\u00e1 postele, n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t ude\u0159\u00ed p\u0159es sp\u00e1ry prken v podlaze a p\u0159itom vol\u00e1 \u201eVen, hosti bez kosti!\u201c.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce na poli je v\u0161ak na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek striktn\u011b zapov\u011bzena. Krom h\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se zem\u00ed se takt\u00e9\u017e nesm\u00ed nikomu nic p\u016fj\u010dovat, darovat, prod\u00e1vat ani vyn\u00e1\u0161et z domu. Tato tradice pramen\u00ed z pov\u011bst\u00ed, kdy se na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek otev\u00edraj\u00ed sk\u00e1ly a vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 poklady. Toho, kdo se nech\u00e1 leskem zlata a st\u0159\u00edbra om\u00e1mit, zav\u0159en\u00e9 sk\u00e1ly ji\u017e nevydaj\u00ed. Naopak, Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek se hod\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ipomenout bychom si m\u011bli i osoby, kter\u00e9 u\u017e nejsou mezi n\u00e1mi. Sledujeme, jestli v tento den nespat\u0159\u00edme n\u011bjak\u00e9 osudov\u00e9 znamen\u00ed \u2013 symbol \u010di neobvyklou ud\u00e1lost p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed budoucnost!<\/p>\n

D\u011bti a ml\u00e1de\u017e chodily v tento den od domu k domu s \u0159ehta\u010dkami koledovat. N\u011bkde se v tento den p\u0159edly se takzvan\u00e9 pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 nit\u011b. P\u00e1r steh\u016f na oble\u010den\u00ed z nit\u011b up\u0159eden\u00e9 na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek m\u011blo doty\u010dn\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd od\u011bv nosil, zajistit ochranu p\u0159ed zl\u00fdmi duchy a p\u0159ed uhranut\u00edm. Ko\u0161ile u\u0161it\u00e1 z pa\u0161ijov\u00fdch nit\u00ed m\u011bla moc ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed bleskem. Lid\u00e9 si tak\u00e9 velmi v\u0161\u00edmali \u00fakaz\u016f a znamen\u00ed zjevuj\u00edc\u00edch se v tento den. Ta m\u011bla \u00fadajn\u011b velmi silnou moc a dala se z nich vy\u010d\u00edst \u0159ada budouc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako na Zelen\u00fd \u010dtvrtek i na Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek jsou vod\u011b p\u0159isuzov\u00e1ny l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e velkop\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed vodu pol\u00edb\u00ed paprsky slunce, vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 ze sebe divotvornou moc. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se v jit\u0159n\u00edm \u010dase p\u0159ed v\u00fdchodem slunce lid\u00e9 om\u00fdvaj\u00ed venku v sadech poto\u010dn\u00ed pramenitou vodou, aby se ochr\u00e1nili p\u0159ed nemoc\u00ed. Neut\u00edraj\u00ed se, nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed vodu na sob\u011b uschnout a p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce pak t\u0159ikr\u00e1t pol\u00edb\u00ed zem. O\u010distn\u00fdmi a l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky p\u016fsob\u00ed velkop\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed voda i na zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Vodou z pot\u016f\u010dk\u016f se vykrop\u00ed staven\u00ed i chl\u00e9vy, aby cel\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed nabylo nov\u00fdch sil do dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Velkop\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed vod\u011b se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkalo \u201ejord\u00e1nka\u201c podle \u0159eky, ve kter\u00e9 byl Kristus pok\u0159t\u011bn. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kraj\u00edch se ale m\u016f\u017eeme setkat i s ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201e\u0161\u0165astnice\u201c, kdo ji nabral a napil se z n\u00ed, byl podle pov\u011bry cel\u00fd rok \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd. Chlapci se sna\u017eili p\u0159i om\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed vylovit \u00fasty z m\u011blk\u00e9 vody kam\u00ednek. Pokud se jim to poda\u0159ilo a hodili ho za sebe p\u0159es rameno, m\u011blo je to po cel\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed rok ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed bolestmi zub\u016f.<\/p>\n

V barokn\u00ed dob\u011b se k poct\u011b zem\u0159el\u00e9ho Krista skl\u00e1daly kant\u00e1ty, jezuit\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bli divadeln\u00ed pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 hry, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 tradice (hra o t\u0159ech Mari\u00edch apod.). Do okruhu p\u0159edloh pat\u0159\u00ed i st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 hra Masti\u010dk\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00e1 je jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch dochovan\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch divadeln\u00edch her. Od st\u0159edov\u011bku tyto hry p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm studenti. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech se staly pa\u0161ijov\u00e9 hry velkou a na pohled nesm\u00edrn\u011b atraktivn\u00ed pod\u00edvanou. P\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bly se na \u0160umav\u011b, v ji\u017en\u00edch i z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch, a\u0165 hran\u00e9 n\u011bmecky nebo m\u00edstn\u00edmi v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi pod veden\u00edm duchovn\u00edho spr\u00e1vce, \u010di jin\u00fdmi nad\u0161enci. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich realisticky p\u0159ibli\u017eovala ud\u00e1losti posledn\u00edch dn\u016f Kristova \u017eivota a jeho zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jsou od renesance zn\u00e1my hry, prostoupen\u00e9 nav\u00edc veselostmi a \u0161pr\u00fdmy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> \u010cesk\u00e9 Velikonoce v tradici, B\u00e1sn\u011b Emanuel Franti\u0161ek Z\u00fcngel – Velk\u00fd p\u00e1tek Z\u00dcNGEL, Emanuel Franti\u0161ek. B\u00e1sn\u011b. Praha: vlastn\u00edm n\u00e1kladem. 1868. s. 154\u2013155.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Velk\u00fd <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":276554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/06\/ram-o-patku.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189050"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=189050"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":276555,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189050\/revisions\/276555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/276554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=189050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=189050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=189050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}