{"id":188854,"date":"2023-04-04T20:52:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T19:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188854"},"modified":"2023-04-04T20:52:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-04T19:52:00","slug":"stara-sumava-o-skarede-strede-a-jidasi-iskariotskem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188854","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O \u0160kared\u00e9 st\u0159ed\u011b a jid\u00e1\u0161i I\u0161kariotsk\u00e9m"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Dnes si podle lidov\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me \u0160karedou st\u0159edu. N\u011bkdy se tak\u00e9 n\u00e1zev \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda d\u00e1v\u00e1 i Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159ed\u011b, ale to byla ta st\u0159eda, kter\u00e1 byla na po\u010d\u00e1tku postu. Ve vlastn\u00edm smyslu je \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda pr\u00e1v\u011b ona st\u0159eda polovinou Svat\u00e9ho t\u00fddne, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k velikono\u010dn\u00edmu tajemstv\u00ed.<\/h6>\n

\u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda z\u00edskala sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0161kared\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu Jid\u00e1\u0161e I\u0161kariotsk\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se tento den mra\u010dil (\u0161karedil) na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. T\u00e9ho\u017e ve\u010dera pak nab\u00eddl velekn\u011b\u017e\u00edm, \u017ee za pen\u00edze Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e zrad\u00ed. N\u011bkdy se \u0160kared\u00e9 st\u0159ed\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 tak\u00e9 \u201eSazometn\u00e1\u201c, nebo\u0165 se b\u011bhem n\u00ed vymetaly kom\u00edny. Tento n\u00e1zev pou\u017eil ji\u017e v 15. stolet\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtel Jana Husa, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd kazatel a spisovatel Jakoubek ze St\u0159\u00edbra. Zmatek n\u011bkdy p\u016fsob\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jako \u201e\u0161kared\u00e1\u201c b\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkdy ozna\u010dov\u00e1na i Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda, kterou k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 zahajuj\u00ed p\u016fst.<\/p>\n

V \u010desk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostech se o \u0160kared\u00e9 st\u0159ed\u011b hlavn\u011b ukl\u00edzelo, aby byli z domu vyhn\u00e1ni v\u0161ichni duchov\u00e9. Podle tradice by se \u010dlov\u011bk tak\u00e9 nem\u011bl mra\u010dit, jinak se bude mra\u010dit v\u0161echny dal\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edy v roce. V tento den lid\u00e9 nos\u00ed do kostela pol\u00ednko d\u0159eva, kter\u00e9 si n\u00e1sledn\u011b d\u00e1vaj\u00ed op\u00e1lit na hranici a doma z n\u011bj nad\u011blaj\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky. Ty pak o Velk\u00e9 ned\u011bli po ob\u011bd\u011b spolu s posv\u011bcen\u00fdmi ratolesti zastrkaj\u00ed do rohu sv\u00fdch pol\u00ed. Hospod\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd stihne k\u0159\u00ed\u017eky zastrkat jako prvn\u00ed, pak bude m\u00edt \u00fadajn\u011b d\u0159\u00edv \u017en\u011b. Jak vysok\u00e9 jsou ratolesti s posv\u011bcen\u00fdmi ko\u010di\u010dkami, tak vysoko potom vzroste obil\u00ed. K\u0159\u00ed\u017eky s ratolestmi tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit \u00farodu p\u0159ed krubit\u00edm.<\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme se \u0159e\u010dnicky ot\u00e1zat, jak\u00e9 jm\u00e9no m\u00e1 zr\u00e1dce? Ot\u00e1zka je to v\u0161ak zbyte\u010dn\u00e1, u\u017e dva tis\u00edce let maj\u00ed v\u0161ichni zr\u00e1dci jedno spole\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no – Jid\u00e1\u0161. Je to paradoxn\u00ed, ale tak jako p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, tak i p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Jid\u00e1\u0161e pat\u0159\u00ed ke konstitutivn\u00edm m\u00fdt\u016fm na\u0161\u00ed kultury. Jid\u00e1\u0161 je stejn\u011b proklet\u00fd jako Kain. Znaj\u00ed ho i ti, kdo v \u017eivot\u011b nevzali do ruky bibli. Nejstar\u0161\u00edm zdrojem \u00fadaj\u016f o Jid\u00e1\u0161ovi jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b knihy Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u0161echna \u010dty\u0159i evangelia. O Jid\u00e1\u0161ov\u011b d\u011btstv\u00ed ne\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed prakticky nic, dozv\u00edd\u00e1me se jen jm\u00e9no jeho otce \u0160imona. S\u00e1m Jid\u00e1\u0161 se v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu objevuje ji\u017e jako jeden z Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f. Byl dokonce jedn\u00edm z p\u0159edn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovy skupiny, byl mu sv\u011b\u0159en \u00fakol pokladn\u00edka. Evangelist\u00e9 jej navzdory tomu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jako \u0161patn\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd zradil sv\u00e9ho u\u010ditele a p\u0159\u00edtele.<\/p>\n

Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, \u017ee i podle evangeli\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159edem rozeznal Jid\u00e1\u0161\u016fv \u00famysl. Dal samotn\u00e9mu Jid\u00e1\u0161ovi (a snad tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00edmu apo\u0161tolu) najevo, \u017ee o jeho z\u00e1m\u011bru v\u00ed. Jid\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159esto ve zrad\u011b pokra\u010doval a \u0161el za “velekn\u011b\u017e\u00edmi” s nab\u00eddkou, \u017ee jim Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e vyd\u00e1. Jeho zrada spo\u010d\u00edvala v tom, \u017ee v Getsemansk\u00e9 zahrad\u011b u Jeruzal\u00e9ma p\u0159istoupil k Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi a pol\u00edbil ho. Jedna z nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, ale tak\u00e9 nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 se v souvislosti s Jid\u00e1\u0161em objevuj\u00ed, se net\u00fdk\u00e1 jeho p\u016fvodu, ale d\u016fvod\u016f jeho (zlo)\u010dinu. Jid\u00e1\u0161e ke zrad\u011b nikdo nep\u0159emlouval ani nenutil, s\u00e1m vyvinul iniciativu a \u0161el nab\u00eddnout sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u017eidovsk\u00e9 velerad\u011b. Dobr\u00fd mravou\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nem\u016f\u017ee nechat padoucha odej\u00edt bez trestu. Jid\u00e1\u0161e \u010dekal trest u\u017e na zemi – ten si p\u0159id\u011blil s\u00e1m – ale potom mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b i v pekle. Jak zn\u00e1mo, kr\u00e1tce po uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e se ob\u011bsil. A\u0165 u\u017e byl tehdy Jid\u00e1\u0161 mrtev, anebo se ani nikdy nenarodil, \u010dekala jej je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1 posmrtn\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m antijudaismu, nebo i antisemitismu. Jid\u00e1\u0161ova \u00fadajn\u00e1 \u00faloha p\u0159i odstran\u011bn\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e sehr\u00e1la v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru na \u017eidy v\u00fdznamnou roli.<\/p>\n

\u00dasm\u011bv je znakem poctivosti, dobr\u00e9 n\u00e1lady, pohody, mra\u010den\u00ed naopak m\u016f\u017ee zna\u010dit z\u00e1vist, nep\u0159ej\u00edcnost a \u0161kodolibost. Snad proto byl \u00fasm\u011bv v tento den tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. \u0160kared\u00e1 st\u0159eda je ale ve skute\u010dnosti N\u00e1dhernou st\u0159edou. Stejn\u011b jako dny p\u0159ed n\u00ed i po n\u00ed je nazdobena prvn\u00edmi sv\u011b\u017e\u00edmi posly jara, kv\u011bty v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch rostlin. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se na Velikonoce t\u011b\u0161\u00edte stejn\u011b jako my. Ne pro ten jeden voln\u00fd den nav\u00edc, ale pro dobr\u00fd pocit, dotek tradic a pro radost ze zelen\u00e9 tr\u00e1vy, modr\u00e9ho nebe a h\u0159ejiv\u00e9ho \u017elut\u00e9ho slunce. Je to ur\u010dit\u011b zamy\u0161len\u00ed i pro n\u00e1s, co znamen\u00e1 opravdov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, podpora druh\u00e9ho \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00e1tel \u2013 a jak opravdu odporn\u00fdm skutkem je onen \u010din ud\u00e1n\u00ed, onen \u010din zrady. Mohli bychom se zam\u00fd\u0161let, co \u010dastokr\u00e1t znamenala zrada v na\u0161em osobn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, co znamenala zrada v na\u0161\u00ed novodob\u00e9 i star\u0161\u00ed historii.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Historie velikonoc a k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, J. Zaor\u00e1lek, Lidov\u00e1 r\u010den\u00ed, Praha 1963<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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