{"id":188796,"date":"2020-04-07T06:24:15","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T05:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188796"},"modified":"2020-04-07T06:25:15","modified_gmt":"2020-04-07T05:25:15","slug":"astronomicky-ustav-akademie-ved-cr-noc-z-utery-na-stredu-bude-svetlejsi-nastane-superuplnek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188796","title":{"rendered":"ASTRONOMICK\u00dd \u00daSTAV AKADEMIE V\u011aD \u010cR: Noc z \u00fater\u00fd na st\u0159edu bude sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed, nastane super\u00fapln\u011bk"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Foto: Stellarium \/ Jan Vesel\u00fd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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To slovo “super\u00fapln\u011bk” je jak z ak\u010dn\u00edho filmu, no ale kdy\u017e se tak za\u017eilo, tak dob\u0159e. V noci z \u00fater\u00fd na st\u0159edu (7. \/ 8. dubna 2020) n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 tzv. super\u00fapln\u011bk. T\u00edmto pojmem ozna\u010dujeme \u00fapln\u011bk, kter\u00fd nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v dob\u011b, kdy je M\u011bs\u00edc na sv\u00e9 eliptick\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze kolem Zem\u011b z\u00e1rove\u0148 k Zemi nejbl\u00ed\u017ee. \u00dapln\u011bk toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee nastat jak v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed (nap\u0159. v dubnu 2020 je to 356 909 km, stane se tak 7. dubna), tak v odzem\u00ed (nap\u0159. v dubnu 2020 je to 406 446 km, stane se tak 20. dubna) M\u011bs\u00edce. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost Zem\u011b – M\u011bs\u00edc je 384 400 km.<\/h6>\n
\"\"Prvn\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed leto\u0161n\u00edch super\u00fapl\u0148k\u016f nastal 9. b\u0159ezna, kdy\u017e byl M\u011bs\u00edc vzd\u00e1len\u00fd od Zem\u011b 357 404 kilometr\u016f. 7. dubna bude vzd\u00e1len je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b, ve 20 hodin SEL\u010c se dostane na vzd\u00e1lenost jen 356 909 km, \u00fapln\u011bk pak nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v t\u00e9\u017ee noci, tedy 8. dubna ve 4:34 SEL\u010c. Bude tak na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b nejbl\u00ed\u017ee od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho \u00fanora a p\u016fjde o nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed super\u00fapln\u011bk roku. Kv\u011btnov\u00fd super\u00fapln\u011bk nastane 7. kv\u011btna, to v\u0161ak M\u011bs\u00edc bude od n\u00e1s vzd\u00e1len o v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f v\u00edce, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b 361 184 kilometr\u016f.<\/div>\n
Nehrajme si ale na stovky kilometr\u016f<\/b><\/h6>\n
Uv\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159esn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti M\u011bs\u00edce od Zem\u011b a usuzovat, jak\u00fd super\u00fapln\u011bk to uvid\u00edme, je ale zna\u010dn\u011b nep\u0159esn\u00e9. Vzd\u00e1lenosti jsou toti\u017e ur\u010deny pro st\u0159edy Zem\u011b a M\u011bs\u00edce. V\u00fdrazn\u011b tedy z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, kde na obloze M\u011bs\u00edc pozorujeme. Proto\u017ee Zem\u011b m\u00e1 sv\u016fj polom\u011br t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 6 400 km (p\u0159esn\u011bji “\u0161et\u0159i se osle” = 6 378 km) – a ten vzhledem ke vzd\u00e1lenosti M\u011bs\u00edce od Zem\u011b v\u016fbec nen\u00ed zanedbateln\u00fd –\u00a0 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee pokud n\u00e1m M\u011bs\u00edc vych\u00e1z\u00ed na horizontu, m\u00e1me v tu chv\u00edli k n\u011bmu o polom\u011br Zem\u011b d\u00e1l ne\u017e kdybychom ho m\u011bli nad hlavou. O supervlastnostech super\u00fapl\u0148ku tak rozhoduje \u0159ada faktor\u016f, po\u010d\u00ednaje\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b polohou M\u011bs\u00edce nad obzorem, ale tak\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem mezi nejmen\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed k Zemi a p\u0159esnou f\u00e1z\u00ed \u00fapl\u0148ku. Je to pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9, ale\u00a0pro dubnov\u00fd \u00fapln\u011bk lze konstatovat, \u017ee bude v tomto roce nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/b>.<\/div>\n
Co se stane? T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic
\n<\/b><\/h6>\n
Kdy\u017e je n\u011bco bl\u00ed\u017e, vid\u00edme to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. A p\u0159esn\u011b to se stane s M\u011bs\u00edcem, kdy\u017e bude pobl\u00ed\u017e sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed – bude v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br bude tentokr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zhruba o 13 %. A proto\u017ee bude bl\u00ed\u017e, bude i v\u00edce sv\u00edtit. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edce k Zemi nastane p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b osm hodin p\u0159ed \u00fapl\u0148kem, M\u011bs\u00edc tedy bude v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jindy. Proto\u017ee ale ty dv\u011b situace, kter\u00e9 mohou nastat – \u00fapln\u011bk v p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed a \u00fapln\u011bk v odzem\u00ed – nenastanou sou\u010dasn\u011b, rozd\u00edl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nepozn\u00e1me. Uv\u011bdom\u00edme\u00a0si to dob\u0159e na simulaci, viz. p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fd obr\u00e1zek (vlevo je polovina leto\u0161n\u00edho dubnov\u00e9ho \u00fapl\u0148ku, vpravo pak polovina \u00fapl\u0148ku, kter\u00fd nastane v \u0159\u00edjnu. Jeho autorem je\u00a0www.stellarium.org<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\/ Jan Vesel\u00fd. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e velikost M\u011bs\u00edce mo\u017en\u00e1 zaznamen\u00e1me v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed osvit no\u010dn\u00ed krajiny.<\/div>\n
Velikono\u010dn\u00ed \u00fapln\u011bk<\/b><\/h6>\n
Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fapln\u011bk je ale nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b – a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm – z jin\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro ur\u010den\u00ed data leto\u0161n\u00edch Velikonoc. Velikonoce jsou pohybliv\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem a jejich datum se ur\u010duje astronomicky. Plat\u00ed pravidlo (a\u017e na n\u011bkolik v\u00fdjimek za stolet\u00ed), \u017ee prvn\u00ed ned\u011ble po prvn\u00edm jarn\u00edm \u00fapl\u0148ku je ned\u011bl\u00ed velikono\u010dn\u00ed. A prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed \u00fapln\u011bk m\u00e1me pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ed sebou, n\u00e1hodn\u011b\u00a0pak v roli “super\u00fapl\u0148ku”.<\/div>\n

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Pavel SUCHAN,\u00a0Astronomick\u00fd \u00fastav AV \u010cR<\/strong><\/p>\n

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