{"id":188718,"date":"2025-04-13T13:33:40","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T12:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188718"},"modified":"2025-04-13T21:27:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T20:27:39","slug":"stara-sumava-modre-pondeli-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188718","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Modr\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tento den by se m\u011bl n\u00e9st ve velk\u00e9 \u00fact\u011b. M\u011bli bychom db\u00e1ti klidu a ml\u010denlivosti. Na Modr\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed r\u00e1no vzd\u00e1me \u00factu nebi a po\u010das\u00ed. Uct\u00edme \u010dty\u0159i \u017eivly. Na st\u016fl d\u00e1me zelen\u00e9 osen\u00ed jako pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Na Modr\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed d\u011btem a student\u016fm za\u010d\u00ednaly vakace, co\u017e byly vlastn\u011b jarn\u00ed pr\u00e1zdniny. Bylo to praktick\u00e9, nebo\u0165 je ka\u017ed\u00e1 ruka v tomto t\u00fddnu pot\u0159eba.<\/h6>\n

V\u00edte, co bylo modr\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed? V d\u011blnick\u00e9m slangu m\u011bl obrat \u201eud\u011blat si modr\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed\u201c specifick\u00fd v\u00fdznam \u2013 znamenal, \u017ee d\u011bln\u00edk toho dne nedorazil do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b \u017ee dorazil, av\u0161ak nebyl zp\u016fsobil\u00fd pr\u00e1ce. P\u016fvodn\u011b se modr\u00fdm naz\u00fdvalo posledn\u00ed masopustn\u00ed pond\u011bl\u00ed, tedy den, kdy se na znamen\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edho postn\u00edho obdob\u00ed kostely zdobily modr\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami. Proto\u017ee se o modr\u00e9m pond\u011blku nepracovalo, metaforicky se tak naz\u00fdvalo i ka\u017ed\u00e9 jin\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed, kdy d\u011bln\u00edk ne\u0161el do pr\u00e1ce. Term\u00edn \u201emodr\u00fd\u201c se zde poj\u00ed tak\u00e9 s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm hovorov\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201eblau\u201c \u2013 b\u00fdt opil\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Dr\u017eet “modr\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed” poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze star\u00e9ho \u0159emesla barv\u00ed\u0159\u016f a znamenalo v ten den nepracovat. O modrou barvu se kdysi zaslou\u017eilo indigo. Pr\u00e1v\u011b indigo se pak z\u00edsk\u00e1valo z tropick\u00fdch ke\u0159\u016f indigovn\u00edku ji\u017e od t\u0159et\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Barvivo m\u011blo sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v Indii a \u0158ekov\u00e9 je naz\u00fdvali indik\u00f3n, nebo-li “indick\u00e9.” S rozvojem evropsk\u00e9ho obchodu se indigo stalo jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch druh\u016f dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed a st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji nahrazovalo boryt. Rytmus barven\u00ed a su\u0161en\u00ed na vzduchu byl d\u0159\u00edve u barv\u00ed\u0159\u016f specializovan\u00fdch na modrou barvu p\u0159eru\u0161en ned\u011bl\u00ed, kdy se nepracovalo a barven\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed le\u017eelo v barvic\u00edm roztoku d\u00e9le ne\u017e obvykle. V pond\u011bl\u00ed se pak musely pruhy l\u00e1tky vyv\u011bsit na vzduch. T\u00fdden tak za\u010d\u00ednal dnem, kdy barv\u00ed\u0159i odpo\u010d\u00edvali a pracoval za n\u011b vzduch. Proto se t\u00e9\u017e \u0159\u00edkalo o lidech, kter\u00fdm se po ned\u011bli necht\u011blo do pr\u00e1ce, \u017ee dr\u017e\u00ed modr\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O tovary\u0161\u00edch<\/h6>\n

Zm\u00ednky o tovary\u0161sk\u00fdch \u00bbdarebozvyc\u00edch\u00ab jsou v knize Frant. Tobi\u00e1\u0161e Zamy\u0161e p\u0159irozen\u011b daleko hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e o zlo\u0159\u00e1dech, je\u017e p\u00e1chali mist\u0159i a tovary\u0161i s uboh\u00fdmi u\u010dedn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 se dodnes dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fd modr\u00fd pond\u011blek, stalet\u00fdm zvykem posv\u011bcen\u00fd a p\u0159ece v\u0161ecko zapov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed se dr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed. Ji\u017e artikul 17.Gener\u00e1ln\u00edch cechovn\u00edch artikul\u016f ze dne 5. ledna 1729, tedy u\u017e z dob Karla VI., stanov\u00ed trest na modr\u00fd pond\u011blek a jin\u00e9 zah\u00e1lky v\u0161edn\u00edho dne pokutou polovi\u010dn\u00edho aneb \u00bbdle vyhotovov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed celot\u00fddenn\u00edho platu, kter\u00fd mistr, u n\u011bho\u017e tovary\u0161 d\u011bl\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eu odt\u00e1hnouti a do pokladnice vlo\u017eiti, z \u010deho\u017e dle uzn\u00e1n\u00ed cechu za prome\u0161kan\u00e9 dni sv\u016fj d\u00edl t\u00e1hnouti m\u00e1\u00ab a kdyby to mistr prom\u00edjel, dvojn\u00e1sobnou pokutu s\u00e1m slo\u017eiti m\u00e1. \u00a7 9. v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z roku 1731. prav\u00ed: \u00bbJako\u017e i se maj\u00ed od vrchnosti v\u0161echny darebozvyky u p\u0159\u00edkladu tak nazvan\u00e9 modr\u00e9 pond\u011blky neb i jin\u00e9 samocht\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 od pr\u00e1ce odtahov\u00e1n\u00ed tovary\u0161\u016f odstraniti.\u00ab<\/p>\n

Z dob Marie Terezie jest na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ze dne 20. \u00fanora 1768., j\u00edm\u017e se v\u0161eobecn\u011b \u00bbmodr\u00fd pond\u011blky u \u0159emesln\u00edk\u016f odstra\u0148ujou.\u00ab Podrobn\u011bji zmi\u0148uje se o modr\u00e9m pond\u011blku odstavec 6) zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch cechovn\u00edch artikul\u016f tovary\u0161sk\u00fdch p\u0159i jednotliv\u00fdch \u0159emeslech; tak na p\u0159. ve \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch pro tovary\u0161e klobou\u010dnick\u00e9 z roku 1770 a 1771 zapov\u00edd\u00e1 se \u00bbmodr\u00fd pond\u011blek dr\u017eeti aneb jin\u00fd v\u0161edn\u00ed den leno\u0161n\u011b obch\u00e1zeti pod pokutou nejprve 30 a pak 45 krejcar\u016f do tovary\u0161sk\u00e9 pokladnice.\u00ab Cechovn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky pas\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9 (v Praze 9. \u00fanora 1775.) prav\u00ed: \u00bbKdyby tovary\u0161 tak nazvan\u00fd modr\u00fd pond\u011blek dr\u017eel neb v n\u011bkter\u00fd jin\u00fd pr\u00e1ce neb vyzdvi\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e1tek se toulal, neb sice v d\u00edln\u011b z\u016fstal, ale pracovati p\u0159edce necht\u011bl, neb v\u0161edn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fd den vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho tovary\u0161e vyprov\u00e1zel, tehdy m\u00e1 ponejprv s 30 kr., podruh\u00e9 s 45 kr. k tovary\u0161sk\u00e9 pokladnici pokutov\u00e1n, po t\u0159et\u00ed ale u zemn\u00edho m\u00edsta k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed k\u00e1zni pouk\u00e1z\u00e1n b\u00fdti, jako\u017e i takov\u00fd mistr, kter\u00fd tu zah\u00e1lku bez trestu a vyhro\u017een\u00ed nechal, 2 zl. k mistrovsk\u00e9 pokladnici trest\u00e1n b\u00fdti.\u00ab Josef\u00ednsk\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o zru\u0161en\u00fdch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch ve spojen\u00ed s modr\u00fdm pond\u011blkem opakuje se v guberni\u00e1ln\u00edm poru\u010den\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9m z roku 1786., je\u017e zapov\u00edd\u00e1 cechovn\u00edm p\u0159edstaven\u00fdm \u00bbpod 6 \u0159. tol. pokutou tovary\u0161ovi d\u016fkaz vyhotovovati, kter\u00fd rad\u011bj svou slu\u017ebu opou\u0161t\u00ed a z pr\u00e1ce vystupuje, ne\u017eli by se poru\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9ho mistra podrobil a vyzdvi\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e1tek aneb tak nazvan\u00fd modr\u00fd pond\u011blek pracoval.\u00ab<\/p>\n

Jak vid\u011bti, slavili tovary\u0161i modr\u00fd pond\u011blek p\u0159ece v\u0161ecky zapov\u011bd\u00ed a pokuty od roku 1729 do 1786., tedy skoro pr\u016fb\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho 18. stolet\u00ed, a\u010d ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve a zajist\u00e9 i pozd\u011bji, tak\u017ee se podivn\u00fd n\u00e1zev toho dne udr\u017eel v dobr\u00e9 pov\u011bdomosti do dnes, a\u010dkoli jej tov\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v na\u0161em stolet\u00ed siln\u011bji potla\u010duje ne\u017eli v\u0161elik\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed z\u00e1kazy a tresty. Modr\u00fd pond\u011blek pamatuje se je\u0161t\u011b v dne\u0161n\u00edm zvyku na\u0161ich \u0161evc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed tomu dni vyhrazuj\u00ed r\u00e1di spr\u00e1vky po\u0159izovan\u00e9 od u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

K modr\u00e9mu pond\u011blku \u0159ad\u00ed se hned toul\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161edn\u00edho dne a spojen\u00e9 s t\u00edm sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jin\u00fdch tovary\u0161\u016f k zah\u00e1lce a pit\u00ed. Tak p\u0159ipojen k odst. 6) pas\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdch a klobou\u010dnick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f tovary\u0161sk\u00fdch odstavec 7), j\u00edm\u017e \u00bbse nav\u0161t\u011bvov\u00e1n\u00ed jeden druh\u00e9ho tovary\u0161\u016fm zapov\u00edd\u00e1, a kdyby se n\u011bkter\u00fd tovary\u0161 opov\u00e1\u017eil v\u0161edn\u00ed den do druh\u00e9 d\u00edlny j\u00edti, tam tovary\u0161e v pr\u00e1ci zamezovati, neb snad je docela s n\u00edm p\u00edti a obch\u00e1zeti nab\u00edzel, tehdy m\u00e1 ponejprv s 1 zl. k tovary\u0161sk\u00e9 (roz. pokladnici), a ti tovary\u0161ov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1ci zanechali, ka\u017ed\u00fd s 24 kr. pokutov\u00e1n a ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159estupku vrchnosti k citeln\u00e9mu potrestan\u00ed pouk\u00e1z\u00e1n b\u00fdti.\u00ab<\/p>\n

Modr\u00e1 jako barva symbolizuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echno \u201elep\u0161\u00ed\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed od jedn\u00e9 modr\u00e9 stu\u017eky z roku 1348. Ta stu\u017eka byl hozen\u00fd podvazek od jedn\u00e9 dvorn\u00ed d\u00e1my, kter\u00fd chytil Edvard t\u0159et\u00ed, navl\u00e9kl si ho a pronesl slavn\u00fd v\u00fdrok \u201ehoni soit qui mal y pense\u201c (\u201ehanba tomu, kdo si o tom mysl\u00ed zl\u00e9\u201c, pozd\u011bji p\u0159ekl\u00e1dan\u00e9 jako \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9 tomu, kdo mysl\u00ed na \u0161patnosti\u201c). Tato v\u011bta se stala mottem a modr\u00fd podvazek symbolem nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. T\u00edmto za\u010dala b\u00fdt modr\u00e1 barva spojov\u00e1na s vysok\u00fdmi poctami v r\u016fzn\u00fdch dom\u00e9n\u00e1ch: Canterbursk\u00e9 opatstv\u00ed, modr\u00fd lem c\u00edrkevn\u00edch hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016f, Derby, ko\u0148sk\u00e9 dostihy, modr\u00e9 \u017eetony v pokeru atd. Modr\u00e1 krev jako symbol \u0161lechtick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu je idea poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze \u0160pan\u011blska: \u017e\u00edly aristokrat\u016f \u010dist\u011b evropsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu se d\u00edky jejich b\u00edl\u00e9 poko\u017ece zd\u00e1ly b\u00fdt mod\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed oproti \u017eil\u00e1m \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho maorsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. V Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch ve \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstvy odli\u0161ovaly barvou pun\u010doch \u2013 modr\u00e1 pat\u0159ila vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1m, ov\u0161em term\u00edn Bluestocking (modr\u00e9 pun\u010dochy) poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Anglie kolem roku 1750, kdy modr\u00e9 pun\u010dochy, barvou kontrastuj\u00edc\u00ed s ve\u010dern\u00edmi \u0161aty, nosily vzd\u011blan\u00e9 \u017eeny pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se v liter\u00e1rn\u00edch kruz\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> \u0158emeslnick\u00e9 zlozvyky v 18. stolet\u00ed \u010c. B\u00edl\u00fd, ADAM, Adolf. Liturgick\u00fd rok; historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 praxe. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 1998<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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