{"id":188380,"date":"2025-03-30T20:17:17","date_gmt":"2025-03-30T19:17:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188380"},"modified":"2025-03-30T20:17:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-30T19:17:17","slug":"stara-sumava-a-posumavi-april-pozor-na-vtipalky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=188380","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA A PO\u0160UMAV\u00cd: Apr\u00edl. Pozor na vtip\u00e1lky!"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159ejali sv\u00e1tek ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed a prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 \u00fadaje m\u016f\u017eeme naleznout v roce 1690, kdy o apr\u00edlu informoval Bartolom\u011bj Chrystellia z Prahy. Postupem \u010dasu se apr\u00edl za\u010dal usidlovat v na\u0161ich domovech a na konci 18. stolet\u00ed si v \u010desk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e m\u016f\u017eeme o apr\u00edlov\u00fdch \u0161pr\u00fdmech hojn\u011b p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst.<\/h6>\n

Od t\u011bch dob je zvykem vyv\u00e1d\u011bt svoje p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 a zn\u00e1m\u00e9 apr\u00edlem. Za \u010das\u016f na\u0161ich prababi\u010dek se pos\u00edlali “ob\u011bti Apr\u00edlu” n\u011bco vyp\u016fj\u010dit \u010di n\u011bco zakoupit. Ka\u017ed\u00fd se musel m\u00edt p\u0159ed vtip\u00e1lky na pozoru, aby jim nenal\u00e9tl a o jeho d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ivosti se ned\u011blaly \u017eerty je\u0161t\u011b dlouhou dobu. Doba se sice zm\u011bnila, ale lid\u00e9 si v tento den ze sebe utahuj\u00ed d\u00e1l. Dokonce i m\u00e9dia se odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vypustit do sv\u011bta n\u011bjakou tu \u201ekachnu\u201c. M\u011bjte se proto na pozoru, a\u0165 v\u00e1s letos nikdo nena\u010dap\u00e1, nebo se rozhodnete d\u00e1t sv\u00fdm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm \u0161anci a nezkaz\u00edte jim z\u00e1bavu, a\u017e na v\u00e1s n\u011bco zkus\u00ed. Ta minuta \u00fa\u017easu, kdy na \u0161pr\u00fdm sko\u010d\u00edte a n\u00e1sledn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch sm\u00edchu stoj\u00ed za to!<\/p>\n

Apr\u00edlov\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed je pr\u00fd nad zimu vrtkav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Co v\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00e9ho spolehliv\u011b rozeh\u0159eje, to je ur\u010dit\u011b srde\u010dn\u00fd sm\u00edch. Duben byl rozhodn\u011b m\u011bs\u00edcem, kter\u00fd uvozoval tu \u0161\u0165astnou epochu jara a tepla, a v t\u011bch p\u0159elomov\u00fdch momentech je v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 magii a v tradici v\u0161echno jakoby dovoleno, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se jakoby znovu. Tradice bl\u00e1zniv\u00fdch apr\u00edlov\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f \u00fadajn\u011b sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku, k reform\u011b kalend\u00e1\u0159e, kterou na\u0159\u00eddil Julius Caesar v roce 46 p\u0159ed Kristem. Kolem 20. b\u0159ezna toti\u017e vrcholily oslavy jarn\u00ed rovnodennosti, kter\u00e9 zakon\u010dila slavnost staro\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho Nov\u00e9ho roku. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ten odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na\u0161emu 1. dubnu.<\/p>\n

Pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tomto sv\u00e1tku se v Evrop\u011b zachovalo a\u017e do t\u0159et\u00ed \u010dtvrtiny 16. stolet\u00ed, kdy se francouzsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l Karel IX. rozhodl s kone\u010dnou platnost\u00ed p\u0159elo\u017eit oslavy Nov\u00e9ho roku na 1. leden. Tak apr\u00edl ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159i\u0161el o svoji v\u00fdsadu. V lidov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u0161ak vesel\u00e9 oslavy \u017eily d\u00e1l vlastn\u00edm \u017eivotem. Jin\u00e9 teorie spojuj\u00ed bl\u00e1zniv\u00e9 apr\u00edlov\u00e9 oslavy se zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdm ro\u010dn\u00edm cyklem nebo poukazuj\u00ed na latinsk\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce. Latinsk\u00e9 aperire toti\u017e znamen\u00e1 otev\u00edrati. V dubnu se p\u0159\u00edchodem jara otv\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd rok, co\u017e byl v minulosti dobr\u00fd d\u016fvod k bujar\u00e9mu vesel\u00ed. Svoji roli jist\u011b hr\u00e1l i dozvuk masopustn\u00edch veselic.<\/p>\n

O apr\u00edlu se toti\u017e rovn\u011b\u017e mluvilo jako o “sv\u00e1tku bl\u00e1zn\u016f” nebo “sv\u00e1tku zasv\u011bcenc\u016f” a v minulosti byl v \u0159ad\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1zen\u00fd pr\u016fvody a bl\u00e1zniv\u00fdmi tanci. Podstatou sv\u00e1tku bylo v\u017edy do\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00ed dan\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku. A nenechte se m\u00fdlit – takov\u00e9 bl\u00e1zniviny m\u011bly a dodnes maj\u00ed jednozna\u010dnou v\u00fdchovnou hodnotu. Ukazuj\u00ed toti\u017e, co se stane, kdy\u017e se poru\u0161\u00ed zab\u011bhnut\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d v\u011bc\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 obl\u00edben\u00e9 je vyv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed apr\u00edla ve Francii. Tento den se zde naz\u00fdv\u00e1 poisson d\u2019avril podle d\u011btsk\u00e9ho (nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u011btinsk\u00e9ho) vtipu, kdy se vyst\u0159i\u017een\u00e1 pap\u00edrov\u00e1 ryba (fr. poisson) p\u0159ipevn\u00ed na z\u00e1da nic netu\u0161\u00edc\u00ed ob\u011bti. Tradice \u201eapr\u00edlov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c je ve Francii dolo\u017een\u00e1 u\u017e od roku 1564.<\/p>\n

V jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch se stejn\u00fd zvyk v\u00e1\u017ee i k jin\u00e9mu datu, nej\u010dast\u011bji k 1. b\u0159eznu, 1. nebo 31. kv\u011btnu. V \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch je tradice slavnosti bl\u00e1zn\u016f o n\u011bco mlad\u0161\u00ed. Nejedn\u00e1 se z\u0159ejm\u011b o p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek, rychle v\u0161ak u n\u00e1s zdom\u00e1cn\u011bl. Prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va poch\u00e1z\u00ed z roku 1690 a jej\u00edm autorem je Bartolom\u011bj Christellia z Prahy. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eprvn\u00edho dne m\u011bs\u00edce apr\u00edla nech\u00e1 se mnoh\u00fd obelst\u00edt potm\u011b\u0161ilost\u00ed, ale dvakr\u00e1t tak \u010dasto i hrubou l\u017e\u00ed\u201c.
\nV zevrubn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b z roku 1792 se l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, jak p\u00e1n na apr\u00edla \u017eertem poslal sluhu pro p\u016fl lokte neha\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00e1pna do apatyky, kde si z n\u011bho vyst\u0159elil i l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk sd\u011blen\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nem\u00e1, proto\u017ee se o n\u011b lid\u00e9 porvali a v\u0161echno v\u00e1pno potrhali. V knize \u017dert a pravda z roku 1796 se zase lze do\u010d\u00edst, \u017ee \u201ev m\u011bs\u00edci dubnu, kdo\u017e bl\u00e1znem b\u00fdti chce, nech\u0165 se d\u00e1 apr\u00edlem poslati. Od konce 18. stolet\u00ed jsou u v \u010cech\u00e1ch zpr\u00e1vy o apr\u00edlov\u00e9m vyv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed podstatn\u011b \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u017dert\u00edky byli zprvu \u010dastov\u00e1ni p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed a zn\u00e1m\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00edm, \u017ee byli vysl\u00e1ni koupit nebo vyp\u016fj\u010dit nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty. V bla\u017een\u00e9 nev\u011bdomosti ob\u011bti apr\u00edlov\u00e9ho vyv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed tyto zpravidla neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bci marn\u011b sh\u00e1n\u011bli.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00fdm obl\u00edben\u00fdm artiklem byly i nov\u00e1 bublinka do vodov\u00e1hy, vtipn\u00e9 sem\u00ednko, oh\u00fdb\u00e1k rohl\u00edk\u016f, oh\u00fdb\u00e1k na cihly nebo rovn\u00e1k zat\u00e1\u010dek. Ze stejn\u00e9ho ranku jsou po\u017eadavky na su\u0161en\u00fd sn\u00edh, pytel p\u00e1ry, hodin\u00e1\u0159skou motyku, kohout\u00ed vejce, kachn\u00ed ml\u00e9ko, nov\u00e9 mezery do \u017eeb\u0159\u00edku, ble\u0161\u00ed jazyky, dvacet deka mu\u0161\u00edho nebo kom\u00e1\u0159\u00edho s\u00e1dla nebo snad dv\u011b libry zaje\u010d\u00edho pe\u0159\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo apr\u00edlov\u00fd \u017eert\u00edk v\u010das neprohl\u00e9dl, si vyslou\u017eil titul \u201eapr\u00edlov\u00fd bl\u00e1zen\u201c a byl cel\u00fd den ter\u010dem posm\u011bchu.<\/p>\n

V tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 kultu\u0159e v\u0161ak byl prvn\u00ed duben pova\u017eov\u00e1n za den pon\u011bkud ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd. Dokonce platilo tabu pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, nap\u0159. set\u00ed, a nem\u011blo se ani chodit do lesa. N\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed vyroben\u00e9 toho dne pr\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sm\u016flu a ned\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eitek. A\u0165 tak \u010di onak, apr\u00edl je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, jak do \u017eivota vn\u00e9st trochu v\u00edc legrace. Nem\u00e1 cenu vztekat se, kdy\u017e v\u00e1s n\u011bkdo nap\u00e1l\u00ed. Je lep\u0161\u00ed si tenhle bl\u00e1zniv\u00fd den, jedin\u00fd v roce, ve kter\u00e9m lze v\u0161e beztrestn\u011b p\u0159evr\u00e1tit vzh\u016fru nohama, u\u017e\u00edt dosyta. Nakonec i samotn\u00e9 vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed, jak n\u011bkoho nap\u00e1lit, je pot\u011b\u0161en\u00edm. A nen\u00ed nic \u00falevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e zjistit, \u017ee jen na\u0161i bli\u017en\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b zasm\u00e1t a odleh\u010dit atmosf\u00e9ru v\u0161edn\u00edch dn\u00ed pln\u00fdch starost\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> Zden\u011bk Vejvoda – \u010cesk\u00fd rozhlas Plze\u0148<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

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  \u010cesk\u00e9 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":341341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/29\/ram-april.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188380"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=188380"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188380\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":341342,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/188380\/revisions\/341342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/341341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=188380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=188380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=188380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}