{"id":185791,"date":"2024-02-12T22:23:19","date_gmt":"2024-02-12T21:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=185791"},"modified":"2024-02-12T22:23:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T21:23:19","slug":"stara-sumava-popelecni-streda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=185791","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Masopustn\u00ed vesel\u00ed skon\u010dilo, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 obdob\u00ed p\u016fstu. Tradice zobrazuje lidov\u00e9 zvyky, jak ml\u00e1denci \u201epoh\u0159b\u00edvaj\u00ed” basu, symbol vesnick\u00fdch tancova\u010dek. Teprve pochov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Masopustu nebo basy p\u0159ivedlo rozja\u0159en\u00e9 tane\u010dn\u00edky do norm\u00e1ln\u00edho proudu \u017eivota a p\u0159ipomn\u011blo, \u017ee zimn\u00ed radov\u00e1nky mus\u00ed skon\u010dit, proto\u017ee zem\u011b \u010dek\u00e1 na pluh a set\u00ed. Na popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edu odevzdal tak rozmarn\u00fd Masopust sv\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 \u017eezlo smutn\u00e9mu P\u016fstovi.<\/h6>\n

C\u00edrkev zase v obdob\u00ed \u010dty\u0159icetidenn\u00edho p\u016fstu vel\u00ed k o\u010dist\u011b ducha i t\u011bla. Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda je prvn\u00edm dnem postn\u00edho obdob\u00ed. Jej\u00ed term\u00edn p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd den p\u0159ed Velikonocemi. Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda je v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici dnem p\u016fstu, zti\u0161en\u00ed a rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Sama praxe jej\u00edho dr\u017een\u00ed nen\u00ed explicitn\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bna v Bibli, prvn\u00ed doklady o n\u00ed m\u00e1me a\u017e z obdob\u00ed \u0161est\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, ov\u0161em symbolika m\u00e1 tradici mnohem star\u0161\u00ed. Slova \u201ePrach jsi a v prach se navr\u00e1t\u00ed\u0161\u201d (Genesis 3:19), kter\u00e1 \u0159ekl B\u016fh Adamovi a Ev\u011b pot\u00e9, co v R\u00e1ji zh\u0159e\u0161ili ochutn\u00e1n\u00edm zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho ovoce, jsou u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na p\u0159i ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed tzv. Popelce jako p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 h\u0159\u00ed\u0161nosti a smrtelnosti.<\/p>\n

Popel se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 ze sp\u00e1len\u00fdch olivov\u00fdch v\u011btvi\u010dek, palmov\u00fdch list\u016f nebo (v na\u0161\u00ed oblasti) sp\u00e1len\u00fdch ko\u010di\u010dek, posv\u011bcen\u00fdch p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00fd rok na Kv\u011btnou ned\u011bli. V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch se mu\u017e\u016fm popel sypal p\u0159\u00edmo na hlavu (co\u017e d\u011blali ji\u017e ve staroz\u00e1konn\u00ed dob\u011b h\u0159\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci na znamen\u00ed pok\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i smutku), zat\u00edmco \u017een\u00e1m se d\u00edky povinn\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvce hlavy d\u011blal k\u0159\u00ed\u017e na \u010delo. Druh\u00e1 zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 forma se dodnes u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u obou pohlav\u00ed. Symbolika popela je ale hlub\u0161\u00ed a odkazuje tak\u00e9 na prach, ze kter\u00e9ho stvo\u0159il B\u016fh \u010dlov\u011bka a popel se pou\u017e\u00edval i jako \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edek. M\u00edsto \u010dty\u0159iceti dn\u00ed v\u0161ak re\u00e1ln\u011b trv\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159icet \u0161est dn\u00ed, proto\u017ee ned\u011ble nejsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za postn\u00ed dny.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159edy se k\u0159es\u0165an zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed nad sv\u00fdm vztahem k Bohu, sv\u00fdmi h\u0159\u00edchy a den by m\u011bl str\u00e1vit pok\u00e1n\u00edm. Tradi\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky pok\u00e1n\u00ed jsou modlitba, p\u016fst a almu\u017ena, tedy prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 dobrodin\u00ed t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed se maj\u00ed h\u016f\u0159e. P\u016fst a pok\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edpravou na Posledn\u00ed soud. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech se konaly v postn\u00ed dob\u011b pr\u016fvody do krypty. V\u0161echna sv\u011btla byla zhasl\u00e1, koberce i kv\u011btiny byly odstran\u011bny, uprost\u0159ed pouze \u010dern\u011b pokryt\u00fd katafalk. Nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b od v\u011bci zaj\u00edt v tuto dobu t\u0159eba na h\u0159bitov a p\u0159ipomenout si, \u017ee smrt nakonec dostane ka\u017ed\u00e9ho – bez ohledu na jeho postaven\u00ed, v\u011bk \u010di \u00fasp\u011bchy. V\u0161ak tak\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed slavn\u00ed panovn\u00edci se nechali p\u0159ed smrt\u00ed svl\u00e9knout z kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch h\u00e1v\u016f, obl\u00e9ci do kaj\u00edc\u00edho roucha a posypat popelem.<\/p>\n

V \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b je\u0161t\u011b v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti utichaly p\u00edsn\u011b, a rozvern\u00e9 hovory. Jedin\u00e9 zp\u011bvy, kter\u00e9 se z dom\u016f oz\u00fdvaly, byly p\u00edsn\u011b kaj\u00edc\u00ed. Nekonaly se svatby. Sv\u011bdomit\u011b byl dr\u017een p\u016fst, lid\u00e9 si dobrovoln\u011b zp\u016fsobovali i dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fajmy – man\u017eel\u00e9 se sob\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad po vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 dohod\u011b odp\u00edrali. Cel\u00e1 rodina se modlila bolestn\u00fd r\u016f\u017eenec \u010di k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovou cestu. \u017deny nosily jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161at, odlo\u017eily \u0161perky, a obl\u00e9kly se p\u0159\u00edmo do smute\u010dn\u00edho od\u011bvu.
\nP\u016fst byl d\u0159\u00edve dodr\u017eov\u00e1n velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b. Nejde o to, aby se \u010dlov\u011bk p\u016fstem bez\u00fa\u010deln\u011b tr\u00e1pil, je v\u0161ak podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sebez\u00e1poru a pok\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk nedovede v ban\u00e1ln\u00edch “rozko\u0161\u00edch” p\u0159emoci, d\u00e1v\u00e1 najevo, \u017ee je otrokem t\u011blesnosti, nen\u00ed schopen p\u0159em\u00e1hat poku\u0161en\u00ed, ani se dostate\u010dn\u011b soust\u0159edit na sv\u016fj duchovn\u00ed \u017eivot. Jde vlastn\u011b o velmi “modern\u00ed” jev. Je\u0161t\u011b relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vno se i u n\u00e1s v r\u00e1mci p\u016fstu nap\u0159\u00edklad nejedlo nejen maso, ale i vejce, ml\u00e9ko, m\u00e1slo ani s\u00fdry. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 od zelen\u00e9ho \u010dtvrtka do ned\u011ble dokonce nejedli v\u016fbec – tedy pokud jde o pokrmy pozemsk\u00e9. Za p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed stoj\u00ed, \u017ee Popele\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159eda je dodnes dnem p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho postu – tedy z\u0159eknut\u00ed se masit\u00fdch pokrm\u016f a pouze jedno nasycen\u00ed za den. Pokud n\u00e1m to zdravotn\u00ed stav dovol\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme se z\u0159\u00edci j\u00eddla zcela.<\/p>\n

Pamatuj na to, \u017ee jsi prach a v prach se obr\u00e1t\u00ed\u0161, pamatuj na to nejen dnes, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd den r\u00e1no od rann\u00edho probuzen\u00edm a\u017e do ve\u010dern\u00edho usnut\u00ed, aby t\u011b toto v\u011bdom\u00ed spolu s jasn\u00fdm p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00edm vlastn\u00ed nicoty a ubohosti naplnilo bla\u017een\u00fdm a vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm v\u011bdom\u00edm velkodu\u0161n\u00e9 Bo\u017e\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdrosti a milosrdenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj:<\/strong> ADAM, Adolf. Liturgick\u00fd rok; historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 praxe. Praha: Vy\u0161ehrad, 1998 \u010cesk\u00fd mis\u00e1l. Praha: \u010cesk\u00e1 liturgick\u00e1 komise, 1983. Kapitola Doba postn\u00ed<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto: archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

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