{"id":185610,"date":"2021-02-22T21:51:50","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T20:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=185610"},"modified":"2021-03-10T09:59:29","modified_gmt":"2021-03-10T08:59:29","slug":"stara-sumava-o-svatem-matejovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zakrasnejsivimperk.cz\/?p=185610","title":{"rendered":"STAR\u00c1 \u0160UMAVA: O svat\u00e9m Mat\u011bjovi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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A\u0165 platil jak\u00fdkoliv kalend\u00e1\u0159, za\u010d\u00e1tkem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho roku bylo nepochybn\u011b jaro. Rytmus tradi\u010dn\u00edho venkovsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed souzn\u011bl s p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi cykly, a kdy\u017e nastalo p\u0159edja\u0159\u00ed a probouzej\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edroda dala o sob\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt, p\u0159i\u0161la doba p\u0159\u00edprav na prvn\u00ed poln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat. Za konec zimy a p\u0159edzv\u011bst jara se pova\u017eoval sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k po\u010das\u00ed a \u00farod\u011b na pol\u00edch a zahrad\u00e1ch.<\/h6>\n

V lidov\u00fdch tradic\u00edch p\u0159ipadalo Mat\u011bjovi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 m\u00edsto. 24. \u00fanora se v\u011b\u0161til pr\u016fb\u011bh \u017en\u00ed, p\u0159edpov\u00eddalo se po\u010das\u00ed na cel\u00fd rok a tak\u00e9 se diskutovalo o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161\u00edch s\u0148atk\u016f \u010di o smrti. Zejm\u00e9na hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pranostiky si na Mat\u011bje vydobyly zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed. \u201cPros\u00edm, pros\u00edm svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje, n\u00e1m a\u0165 ovoce hojn\u011b dop\u0159eje, kamkoliv v zahrad\u011b hlas m\u016fj se rozleje,\u201d tato popul\u00e1rn\u00ed pov\u00edda\u010dka vznikla na Nechanicku, ale roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila se i do dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Hospod\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159i t\u011bchto slovech t\u0159\u00e1sl v p\u0159edve\u010der Mat\u011bjova sv\u00e1tku stromy a pot\u00e9 se v\u0161ichni modlili za hojnou \u00farodu. Mat\u011bj m\u011bl zajistit dobrou sklize\u0148, a proto tak\u00e9 na vs\u00edch d\u011bti tloukly va\u0159e\u010dkou do ovocn\u00fdch strom\u016f.<\/p>\n

V okol\u00ed P\u0159\u00edchovic lid\u00e9, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed, chodili na Mat\u011bje na boso. Symbolika bos\u00fdch nohou v sob\u011b nesla jasn\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed \u2013 zima skom\u00edr\u00e1 a p\u0159\u00edroda se probouz\u00ed k \u017eivotu. To je ostatn\u011b \u00fad\u011bl cel\u00e9ho \u00fanora, tento m\u011bs\u00edc je sice b\u00edl\u00fd a pole s\u00edl\u00ed, ale ji\u017e ze samotn\u00e9ho vzniku n\u00e1zvu m\u011bs\u00edce plyne, jak to s \u00fanorem doopravdy je \u2013 ledy na \u0159ek\u00e1ch pukaj\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se no\u0159\u00ed pod hladinu. Poslov\u00e9 jara, sn\u011b\u017eenky a krokusy, se tak\u00e9 objevuj\u00ed v \u00fanoru a pochopiteln\u011b nejv\u00edce kolem dne svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje. Zkr\u00e1tka: \u201cNa svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje lidsk\u00e9 srdce ok\u0159eje, slunce poz\u0159e z\u00e1v\u011bje, nad polem si sk\u0159ivan zap\u011bje.\u201d<\/p>\n

V p\u0159edve\u010der dne svat\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje se na vs\u00edch dodr\u017eoval je\u0161t\u011b jeden zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zvyk. Lid\u00e9 nechali venku viset ru\u010dn\u00edk a druh\u00fd den r\u00e1no z jeho stavu vyvozovali, jak\u00fd bude konec zimy. Pokud byl ru\u010dn\u00edk jen mokr\u00fd, v\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee p\u0159ijde tepl\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 jaro. Pokud ov\u0161em zmrzl, zima je\u0161t\u011b m\u011bla s jarem sv\u00e1d\u011bt dlouh\u00fd boj. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce byl ru\u010dn\u00edk promrzl\u00fd, t\u00edm chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jaro m\u011blo b\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

Mat\u011bj byl ale popul\u00e1rn\u00ed i ve m\u011bstech. Zejm\u00e9na v Praze m\u011bl a dodnes m\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v den jeho sv\u00e1tku se konala prvn\u00ed jarn\u00ed pou\u0165. Poprv\u00e9 je o pouti ke sv. Mat\u011bji zm\u00ednka z roku 1595, ale jist\u011b se konala u\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm. Vedla tam poutn\u00ed cesta lemovan\u00e1 dvan\u00e1cti kapli\u010dkami, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00ednala pobl\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed stanice metra Hrad\u010dansk\u00e1. Postupn\u011b, jak doch\u00e1zelo k posunu od n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho k z\u00e1bavn\u00edmu v\u00fdznamu a s rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00edm popularity pout\u011b, se nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem stal voln\u00fd prostor u V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, jak\u00e9si shroma\u017edi\u0161t\u011b, odkud se vych\u00e1zelo “na trasu”. Tam se tak\u00e9 sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli prodava\u010di, p\u0159ekupn\u00edci, muzikanti, artist\u00e9, ko\u010dovn\u00edci\u2026Tato tradice nezanikla ani v sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd Mat\u011bj pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pat\u0159il k 72 u\u010dedn\u00edk\u016fm Krista. Ve dvan\u00e1ctce apo\u0161tol\u016f nahradil zr\u00e1dn\u00e9ho Jid\u00e1\u0161e. Jeho m\u00edsto mezi vyvolen\u00fdmi ur\u010dil los. Stal se hlasatelem nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b a v oblastech severn\u00ed Afriky. O jeho \u017eivot\u011b se ale nic v\u00edc nev\u00ed. \u00dadajn\u011b byl s\u0165at n\u011bkdy kolem roku 63 a jeho ostatky le\u017e\u00ed v Trev\u00edru v N\u011bmecku. Okolnosti jeho smrti z\u016fstaly nevyjasn\u011bn\u00e9, ale i tak se symbol sekery stal Mat\u011bjov\u00fdm atributem. Je uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako patron \u0159ezn\u00edk\u016f a tesa\u0159\u016f. D\u00e1le je jeho postava symbolem \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u00farody a nositelem spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed, proto\u017ee i s\u00e1m Mat\u011bj usp\u011bl p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9ho apo\u0161tola pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky losu.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: Petr Kutka Jaro, Lidov\u00e9 tradice, Pranostiky, P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159ipravuje: Miroslav K\u016eS ANDRES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Foto. archiv autora<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Z cyklu Star\u00e1 \u0160umava)<\/p>\n

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